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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of skin |
protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D production, excretion, immunity |
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what are the names for the deepest layers of the skin |
hypodermis or the subcutaneous tissue |
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what is the deepest layer |
hypodermis |
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what does the hypodermis consist of |
loose connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers |
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what layer contains about one half of the body's fat |
hypodermis |
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functions of dermis |
gives structural strength, sensory fns |
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what is contained within the dermis |
nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, smooth muscles, and glands |
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what are the two layers of the dermis |
reticular and papillary |
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where are stretchmarks and what are they called |
striae in the dermis |
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what are characteristics of the epidermis |
avascular, composed of strata (layers), separated from dermis by a basement membrane |
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what is the layer of epithelium that covers the skin |
epidermis |
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what layer do fingerprints come from |
papillary in the dermis |
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in what process do cells of deeper layers undergo mitosis and as they move toward the surface older cells slough off |
dequamate |
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in what process do cells fill with keratin, die, and serve as a layer that is permeable and resists abrasion as cells move outward |
keratinization |
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what are the two epidermal cell types |
keratinocytes and melanocytes |
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what do melanocytes produce |
melanin that contribute to skin color |
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what do keratinocytes produce |
keratin for strength; these are most common |
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what are the five epidermal strata from deepest to most superficial |
basale, spinosum, granuloum, lucidum, and corneum |
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characteristics of thick skin |
has stratum lucidum, found in palms, fingertips, soles of feet |
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characteristics of thin skin |
more flexible, does not have stratum lucidum, covers most of the body |
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what is albinism |
deficiency or absence of pigment |
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what is skin color determined from |
blood circulating through the skin, thickness of stratum corneum, pigments |
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what are the parts of hair |
shaft, root, bulb, and follicle |
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what is the hair shaft |
the part that protrudes above the skin surface |
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what is the hair root |
the part of hair that is located below the surface |
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what is the base of the hair root |
hair bulb |
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what is the hair follicle |
internal part of the pulb that contains stratum basale |
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how does hair grow |
in cycles (growth and resting stages) |
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what muscles cause goosebumps |
arrector pilli-- a type of smooth muscle |
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subaceous glands characteristics |
secrete oil, prevent drying and may inhibit bacteria |
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what are the two types of sudoriferous glands |
merocrine and apocrine |
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merocrine characteristics |
open directly onto surface of skin; have own pores; numerous in palms and soles; more common |
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apocrine characteristics |
activate at puberty; may become odiferous; found under arms, genitalia, and anus |
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what are ceruminous glands |
modified merocrine sweat glands; produce earwax; functions is to prevent dirt and insects from entry |
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what are mammary glands |
modified apocrine sweat glands |
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how do nails grow |
continuously |
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what are the parts of the nail |
nail body, cuticle, nail matrix, nail bed, and nail root |
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what is the nail body |
visible part of nail |
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what is the cuticle |
the corneum that grows onto nail body |
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what is the nail matrix/ nail bed |
cells that give rise to the nail |
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what is the nail root |
extenders from under skin |
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nail function |
protects ends of digits, self defense |
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vitamin d characteristics |
increases blood calcium and phosphate levels |
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first-degree burns characteristics |
only burns epidermis, redness/swelling, heals in a week, ex: sunburn |
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second-degree burn characteristics |
burns epidermis and dermis, blisters, heals in 2 weeks |
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third-degree burn characteristics |
destroys epidermis, dermis, and deep tisue |
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what are some of the effects of aging |
skin more easily damaged, collagen decreases, wrinkling, drier skin, more skin infections, decrease in blood supply, melanocytes increase/ decrease, poor ability to regulate body temp |
