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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Linnaeus
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Systema Naturae
Creationism |
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Hutton
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Uniformitarianism
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Lamarck
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Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Spontaneous generation |
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Malthus
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Principle of Population
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Cuvier
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Catastrophism
Special creation |
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Lyell
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Principles of Geology
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Darwin
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Natural selection
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Wallace
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Natural selection
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Mendel
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Principles of heredity
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Weismann
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Germ plasm theory
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Goldschmidt
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Hopeful Monsters
Mutationist |
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Wright
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Genetic drift
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Catastrophism
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The view that the earth's history is marked by periodic, worldwide catastrophies
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Creationism
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The view that the universe was made by a divine creator
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Essentialism - typological thinking
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The philosophical view that all members of a class of objects chare certain invariant, unchanging properties (essence) that distinguish them from other classes
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Gradualism
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The view that evolution is gradual; natural selection works gradually
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"Hopeful Monster"
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Term used to describe the theory that the origin of new species and higher taxa (as opposed to evolution w/in populations) is by sudden, drastic changes in the entire genome. These changes were considered to be usually deleterious, yet occasionally they produced a viable, and very different, organism
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Lamarckism
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The theory that evolution is caused by the inheritance of acquired characteristics
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Mendelists
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Those that held that evolution proceeds by discrete jumps/steps because genes, thus inheritance, are particulate, not gradual as Darwin and natural selection predict
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Modern Synthesis - synthetic theory
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The reconciliation of Darwin's evolution by natural selection w/ Mendelian genetics. Achieved thru population genetics
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Mutationism
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The theory that mutation is the major force in evolution and not natural selection
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Neodarwinism
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The view that natural selection is the sole mechanism of evolution. Later used to refer to natural selection combined w/ genetics; holds that natural selection is a major, not sole, cause of evolution
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Orthogenesis
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The view that variation in species is directed towards fixed goals and species evolve in a predetermined direction
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Special Creation
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The view that god creates new living species periodically, such as after a catastrophy
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Spontaneous Generation
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The view that life originates spontaneously from inanimate matter
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Uniformitarianism
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The theory that the processes that we observed in the past are the same as those we observed today
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Anthropocentricism
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The world view that man is the center of the universeor the ultimate end. Interpreting natural processes or phenomena in terms of man or the human mind
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Deductive Reasoning
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Reasoning from the general to the specific
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Epistemology
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The study of knowledge
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Fact - observation, evidence
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Observable phenomenon
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Hypothesis
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An informed statement of what might be true
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Inductive Reasoning
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Reasoning from specific to general
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Paradigm
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Pervasive world view
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Theory
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A body of interconnected statements, based on reasoning and evidence, that explains a variety of observations
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Theological Explanation
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An explanation that explains the existene or occurrence of something by citing a gola or purpose that is served by a thing
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Genetic Drift
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Random change in allelic frequencies in a population. In small populations, genetic variation at a locus may be lost by chance fixation of a single allelic variant
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Natural Selection
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Nonrandom reproduction of varying organisms in a population that results in the survival of those best adapted to their environment and elimination of those less well adapted; leads to evoutionary change if the variation is heritable
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Phylogeny
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The origin and diversification of any taxon, or the evolutionary history of its origin and diversification
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Directional Selection
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A selective process in which and extreme value of a quantitative phenotype is favored, potentially causing a change in the mean value of the phenotype
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Disruptive Selection
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A selective proces in which the mean value of a quantitative phenotype is disfavored over extreme values, potentially causing a bimodal distribution of phenotypes to evolve
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Stabilizing Selection
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A selective proces in which the mean value of a quantitative phenotype is favored over extreme values, potentially stabilizing the mean value
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Soma
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The whole of an organism except the germ
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Germ
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Cell lineages giving rise to the germ cells of a multicellular organism
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Homology
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Similar traits caused by common ancestor
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Analogy
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Similar traits caused by reasons other than common ancestor
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Monophyletic Group
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Contains the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants
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