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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Seed Plants
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heteroprorous (produce 2 types of spores)
zygote is start of sporophyte pollen adaptation means water i not needed for reproduction outer shell of sporangium hardens to produce seed protection of embryo vascular tissues = large bodies sprorphyte dominate |
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Heterosporous - Name 2 types of spores
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1. microspores - produce male gametophytes which are individual pollen grains
2. megaspores - produce female gametophytes one cell makes egg |
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Gymnosperms
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naked seed (AKA no fruit)
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Gymnosperms: 4 Divisions
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Cycads (Cycadophyta) - tropical (look like palms)
Ginkgo (Ginkgophyta) - only one species left, derived in China Gnetae (Gnetaphyta) - diverse group (treelike, shrubs, vines) Conifers (Coniferophyta) - monst common/largest |
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Division Coniferophyta: Common Types
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pine, fir, spruce, hemlock, redwood, sequoia, cypress, cedar
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Division Coniferophyta: Sprorphyte Stage: Leaf Characteristics
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Leaves = Needles
- produced in bundles called fasicles (1-8 needles/fasicle) - have waxy cuticle which prevents water loss |
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Division Coniferophyta: Gametophyte Stage: Pollen Cone
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Staminate (pollen cones)
- small (only last a few weeks) - occur on lower branches - whorls of microsporangia where pollen is produced |
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Division Coniferophyta: Gametophyte Stage: Pollen
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pollen grain matures to it's final multicellular stage
- 2 prothallial cells - degenerative (die) - generative cell - divides by mitosis to make 2 sperm - tube cell - forms pollen tube |
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Division Coniferophyta: Gametophyte Stage: Ovulate seed
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Ovulate Seed (Pine Cone)
- grow on upper branches - whorl of heavy scales with 2 ovules on upper surface of each scale |
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Division Coniferophyta: Gametophyte Stage: Ovulate seed: Ovule
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a small complex reproductive organ which protects sproangium
coat of ovulate will surround and protect embryo |
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Division Coniferophyta: Gametophyte Stage: Embryo: What do these structures turn into?
the parent sporophyte -> embryo -> food stores -> |
the parent sporophyte -> seed coat
embryo -> sprorphyte of next generation food stores -> haploid feamle gametophyte tissues |
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Division Coniferophyta: How long does it take for a pine seed to develop and be shed?
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Can take over a year to be completed. Can take up to an additional year for the seed to form. Seed can be shed whenever conditions are prime.
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