Bio 1210 Week 2

Front 1

What are genetics?

Back 1

The study of heredity, and the study of mechanisms of inheritance and associated biological processes

Front 2

what are the biological processes of genetics?

Back 2

1) structure, replication, transmission, functioning, mutation of genetic material

2) genetic events affecting population/evolution

Front 3

What are genes?

Back 3

They are units of heredity located on the chromosome that determine particular characteristics of individuals

Front 4

What are chromosomes?

Back 4

They are long threadlike structures with many genes arranged linearly

Front 5

What is deoxyribonucleic acid? (DNA)

Back 5

they are complex chemical compounds that form genes

Front 6

what is the chromosome complement of a species?

Back 6

the number and type of chromosomes

Front 7

what is a genome?

Back 7

all the DNA content of a cell (mitochondria also has DNA)

Front 8

how many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?

Back 8

two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Front 9

how many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?

Back 9

a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Front 10

what are two chromosomes in each pair called?

Back 10

homologous chromosomes

e.g. chromosome 21 is homologous to chromosome 21 to your father, exception of sex chromosomes

Front 11

homologous chromosomes must:

Back 11

be same in length, and must carry exactly the same genes

Front 12

the term haploid (1n) refers to:

Back 12

one complete set of chromosomes and this number is found in either an egg or a sperm cell

Front 13

the term diploid (2n) refers to:

Back 13

two complete sets of chromosomes and is found in all cells (somatic cells) except egg and sperm cells

Front 14

what is a somatic cell?

Back 14

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells

Front 15

what is the role of mitosis?

Back 15

mitosis replicates the chromosome complement of a cell (clones itself)

Front 16

what is the role of meiosis?

Back 16

meiosis reduces the chromosome number and forms gametes (egg and sperm)

Front 17

what type of cell does meiosis need to begin and end with?

Back 17

parent cell must be diploid, ending up with haploid after meiosis

Front 18

what do genes provide?

Back 18

information affecting the biochemistry of cells and organisms

Front 19

what do genes affect?

Back 19

the development, biochemical functioning, and physical characteristics of organisms

Front 20

what is the purpose of mitosis?

Back 20

for reproduction, growth and repair

Front 21

what does mitosis cell division distribute to daughter cells?

Back 21

identical sets of chromosomes

Front 22

what does the division of a unicellular organism reproduce?

Back 22

an entire organism (e.g. amoeba)

Front 23

what is a zygote?

Back 23

fertilized egg. -> haploid + haploid = diploid. zygotes are diploid.

Front 24

do multicellular organisms use mitosis?

Back 24

yes to repair and renew cells that die from wear and tear (e.g. stem cells in bone marrow)

Front 25

what is the cell cycle?

Back 25

it is an ordered series of events in the life cycle of a cell from its origin until it dies or divides into daughter cells

Front 26

most of a cell cycle is spent:

Back 26

in the interphase, after it goes into mitotic phase (mitosis, cytokinesis)

Front 27

what is G1 referred to?

Back 27

cell growth phase

Front 28

In the cell cycle, when the cell prepares for cell division, DNA is:

Back 28

replicated/duplicated, the amount of DNA has doubled.

Front 29

each duplicated chromosome has:

Back 29

two sister chromatids which separate during cell division

Front 30

what are sister chromatids?

Back 30

they are joined copies of the original chromosome

Front 31

what is a centromere?

Back 31

the narrow "waist" of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached

Front 32

what is G2 in the cell cycle?

Back 32

a second cell growth phase in preparation for cell division

Front 33

During cell division (mitosis), the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and:

Back 33

move into two nuclei

Front 34

Once cells separate (cytokinesis), the chromatids are still called:

Back 34

chromosomes

Front 35

when cells divide the ____ _____ apart

Back 35

cytoplasm pinches

Front 36

mitosis involes in moving:

Back 36

chromosomes

Front 37

the cell cycle also applies to:

Back 37

meiosis

Front 38

during DNA synthesis, we double the amount of genetic material (___), we produce duplicated chromosomes, that are stuck together with a centromere. the duplicated chromosome is called ______. the chromosome number _____ _______ (____)

Back 38

92. a chromosome. hasnt changed. 46.

Front 39

the duplicated chromosome has the _____ genetic material as the original chromosome, but has _____ the _____ of genetic material

Back 39

same. doubled. amount.

Front 40

cancer cells manage to:

Back 40

escape the usual controls on the cell cycle

Front 41

the cell cycle control system is regulated by:

Back 41

both internal and external controls

Front 42

some cells dont divide, they are said to be in:

Back 42

G0

Front 43

when passing the first checkpoint (G1), the cell undergoes:

Back 43

mitosis/meiosis and divides

Front 44

cancer cells do not:

Back 44

respond normally to the body's control mechanisms

Front 45

cancer cells may not need:

Back 45

growth factors to grow and divide

Front 46

Which region of plants does mitosis occur?

Back 46

stems and roots

Front 47

which tissue in plant replicates by mitosis?

Back 47

meristematic tissue

Front 48

what is an example of a region in animals that mitosis occurs?

Back 48

repair and maintenance of tissues and cells (e.g. red blood cells being made into red bone marrow stem cells)