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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Mendel? |
discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments |
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Why did he work with peas? |
There are many varieties with distinct heritable characteristics.
Character variants are called traits He could control mating between plants |
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True breeding purple peas produce what color offspring? |
Purple |
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True breeding white peas produce what color offspring? |
White |
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Why do we only see differences in the F2 hybrids when we start with true breeding purple and true breeding white pea plants?
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Ratio of 3 to 1 |
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What are the four related concepts that Mendel developed to explain his model? |
Alleles account for variations in inherited characters for each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. if the two alleles at a locus differ, then the dominant allele determines the organism's appearance, and the recessive allele has no noticeable effect on appearance - the law of segregation |
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What accounted for the differences seen in the F2hybrids? What do we call thee differentversions of a gene? |
3:1 ratio
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How do we represent a dominant allele? How do werepresent a recessive allele? |
Dominant- capital letter Recessive- lowercase letter |
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What is the difference between a homozygote anda heterozygote? |
Homozygote: An organism with two identical alleles for a character Heterozygote: An organism that has two difference alleles for a gene |
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Why would we be interested in preforming a testcross? |
Tell the geneotype or an individual with the dominant phenotype |
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Why are we interested in the law of independentassortment? What does that mean for a sexually reproducing species? |
Each pair of alleles segregated independently or any other pairs during gamate formation |
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Genes located near each other on the samechromosome tend to be inherited _________ |
together |
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How does incomplete dominance compare tocomplete dominance? Example? |
Incomplete Dominance: The phenotype is a blend of the two traits; red and white make pink Codominance: The phenotype is a mixture of the two traits, both can be seen; a speckled chicken |
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How does codominance compare to completedominance? Example? |
Codominance: two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways Complete Dominance: occurs when the phenotype of the heteroygote and dominant homozygote are identical |
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Is the dominant allele always the most common? |
No
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How can epistasis affect the phenotype? |
A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second loucs |
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Can we have multiple genes governing(controlling) one trait? Example. |
Yes; coat color depends on two genes |
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Can we have one gene governing multiple traits?Example. |
Yes; skin color |
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What is involved in the phenotype?
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Physical appearance, internal anatomy, physiology, and behavior |
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Why are peas (and other short-lived animals) good subjects for genetic research? |
They do not have restrictions and they reproduce quicker |
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Why are humans not good subjects for genetic research? |
Generation time is too long Parents produce relatively few offspring Breeding experiments are unacceptable |
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For what can we use a pedigree?
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to describe the interrelationships of parents and children across generations; used to make predictions about future offspring |
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What is the phenotype of a carrier? |
Phenotypically normal |
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Why do we kind of “frown on” consanguineousmarriage?
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Mating increases the chances of spreading the same rare allele |
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Are all disorders recessive traits? |
No; Dominant alleles that cause a lethal disease are rare |
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Is it possible to have a genetic disorder andnot know about it until later in life? |
Yes |
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Name some other diseases that might have somegenetic components. |
Heart disease, diabetes, alcoholism, mental illnesses, and cancer |
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When might it be a good idea to have geneticcounseling for yourself and you spouse? |
When deciding if you want to start a family |
