Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Dorsal
|
Region associated with the back
|
|
|
ventral
|
frontside or underside
|
|
|
lateral
|
to the sides
|
|
|
anterior
|
towards the head or mouth
|
|
|
posterior
|
towards the anus
|
|
|
superior
|
above
|
|
|
inferior
|
below
|
|
|
medial
|
to the middle
|
|
|
cephalic
|
head
|
|
|
caudal
|
tail
|
|
|
oral
|
mouth
|
|
|
sagittal plane
|
divided from left to right
|
|
|
transverse
|
divided across
|
|
|
frontal plane
|
divided from front to back
|
|
|
animals
|
free living or sessile (mobile throughout life)
|
|
|
asymmetrical
|
no particular shape
|
|
|
radial
|
central axis
|
|
|
bilateral
|
two sides, exactly the same
|
|
|
epithelial tissue
|
linings ( skin, smooth layers)
|
|
|
connective tissue
|
matrix and fibers (rough)
|
|
|
What are the 4 types of connective tissues?
|
Bone, blood, cartilage, adipose (fat)
|
|
|
Muscle tissue
|
contracts
|
|
|
nervous tissue
|
stimulated on one end and release a chemical on the other end "one way cells" stimulus --> effect
|
|
|
bone
|
mineral matrix calcium phosphate and few fibers and osteon
|
|
|
osteon
|
are rods that form the bone
|
|
|
blood
|
has a fluid matrix and few fibers and RBC WBC
|
|
|
RBC
|
O2
|
|
|
WBC
|
immunity
|
|
|
cartilage
|
thicker matrix and dense w fibers and lacunoe
|
|
|
adipose
|
cells are shaped by deposit of fat
|
|
|
phylum porifera
|
sponges
|
|
|
kingdoms are divided into what
|
phylum
|
|
|
parazoa
|
sponges
|
|
|
eumetazoa
|
internal digestion
|
|
|
radiata
|
central axis (jellyfish)
|
|
|
bilateria
|
left or right
|
|
|
acoelomates
|
no true body cavity
|
|
|
deuterostomia
|
frist grastula opening is the anus
|
|
|
protostomia
|
first grastula opening is the mouth
|
|
|
locotrochozoa
|
flagella (tail)
|
|
|
Are sponges multicellular?
|
yes, no muscles, nerves, or organs
|
|
|
where do sponges live?
|
marine (salt water)
|
|
|
what kind of cells do sponges include?
|
choanocytes (collar cells)
|
|
|
what are sponges internal skeleton made of?
|
spicules
|
|
|
most sponges are what?
|
symmetrical
|
|
|
how do sponges reproduce?
|
Sexual and asexual (budding and gemmules)
|
|
|
what are the 3 canal systems of sponges?
|
asconoid (simple)
syconoid (intermediate) leuconoid (complex) |
|
|
Sponges are classified based on what?
|
spicules
|
|
|
what are the 3 classes of spicules?
|
class calcarea
class hexactinellida class demospongiae |
|
|
Class calcarea
|
calcium carbonate (bony) spicules
|
|
|
class hexactinellida
|
silica spicules (glass sponge)
|
|
|
class demospongiae
|
spongin spicules (90%) protein
|
|
|
Phylum Cnidaria
|
Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Coral
|
|
|
Most Cnidarian's are what?
|
Marine
|
|
|
What are the two body forms for Cnidarian's
|
Medusa- Tentacles down
Polyp- Tentacles up |
|
|
Diploblastic
|
doubled layered or two layers
|
|
|
what do cnidocytes contain that sting you?
|
Nematocysts
|
|
|
What kind of digestive system do cnidarian's have?
|
Incomplete: they have a mouth but no anus
|
|
|
What kind of nervous system do cnidarian's have?
|
Nerve net- no centralized nervous system
|
|
|
What do muscle cells do in cnidarians?
|
contract for moving
|
|
|
How do cnidarian's reproduce?
|
Sexual (many go under alternation of generations)
Asexual (budding) |
|
|
Mesoglea
|
Goo (non living) matrix
|
|
|
Cyte
|
cells
|
|
|
gastro
|
stomach
|
|
|
vascular
|
veins circulating
|
|
|
4 classification of the phylum cnidaria
|
Class hydrozoa
class scyphozoa class anthozoa class cubozoa |
|
|
Class Hydrozoa
|
Hydra Obelia "water animal"
Hydra - polyp only Obelia - both life stages |
|
|
Class scyphozoa
|
Jellyfish Aurelia, man-o-war, sea "wasp"
"Cup animal" Most exhibit both life stages |
|
|
class anthozoa
|
sea anemones, coral
"flower animal" Polyp only (man are colonial) |
|
|
class cubozoa`
|
"box" jellies
Medusa is prominant crazy poisonous |
|
|
What is the difference between hydrozoa and scyphozoa
|
velum
|
|
|
radial
|
Axis down the middle and the same all the way around
|
|
|
Phylum Platyhelminthes
|
"Flatworms"
(planarians, flukes, tapeworms) |
|
|
Platyhelminthes are triploblastic
having 3 germ layers |
Platyhelminthes are acoelomate
|
|
|
worm-like shape
|
Veriform
|
|
|
Dorsoventrally flattened in platyhelminthes
|
cephallization is present in platyhelminthes
|
|
|
what kind of digestive tract do platyhelminthes have?
|
incomplete
|
|
|
"flame cells are present"
|
Many are parasitic meaning they live in or on a host
|
|
|
Hermaphroditic (monoecious)
|
Both sex organs
|
|
|
What is the habitat for platyhelminthes?
|
Quite cosmopoliton, marine fresh water, terrestrial (moist soil), obligate parasite
|
|
|
What are the 3 classifications of platyhelminthes?
|
Class turbellaria
class trematoda class cestoda |
|
|
Class turbellaria
|
planarians (free living)
|
|
|
class trematoda
|
Flukes (parasitic)
|
|
|
class cestoda
|
tapeworms (parasitic)
|
|
|
Planaring ganglia
|
Dense collection of neurons "in the place of a brain"
|
|
|
The snail is an intermediate host to what?
|
Tapeworm
|
|
|
The cow and sheep is intermediate host to what?
|
The fluke
|
|
|
Tapeworm- on the head
|
scolex (hocks)
|
|
|
Where do adult flukes live?
|
U.S.
|
|
|
What do tapeworms do?
|
Make eggs, come out through waste and find snails in the water
|
|
|
Phylum Rotifera
|
Rotifers
|
|
|
Rotifera's are major compenents of what?
|
zooplankton approx 100 cells big
|
|
|
Rotifera's are mostly fresh water; few marines
|
Dioecious (two houses) male and female organs
|
|
|
Rotiferas are free what?
|
swimming, sessile, colonial
|
|
|
what kind of digestive system do rotifera's have?
|
complete digestive tract
|
|
|
Phylum Mollusc
|
clams, snails, octopuses
|
|
|
Mollusc Mantle
|
thick epidermal sheet that secretes shell (if there is one)
|
|
|
Mantle activity
|
space between mantle and visceral mass
filter feeder in most bivalves visceral systems dscharge into this space |
|
|
Mollusc ctenidia
|
gills
|
|
|
Head-foot
|
Primary means of locomotion for many
sensory organs divided into arms or tentacles in cephalopods |
|
|
Visceral mass
|
internal organs
|
|
|
visceral mass - coelom is highly reduced
|
limited to small spaces around the exretory organs, heart and part of the intestine
|
|
|
Mollusc excretory nitrougenous waste removal
|
nephfridia (kidney)
|
|
|
Excretory consists of what cilia which is what?
|
linied opening called nephrostomes
|
|
|
tube to excretory pore to what?
|
mantle cavity
|
|
|
mollusc circulatory system
|
open circulatory system
|
|
|
what sloshes around hemocoel
|
hemolyph
|
|
|
3 chambered hearts
|
(atria/ventricles)
|
|
|
cephalopods have what type of circulatory system?
|
closed
|
|
|
What are 3 classes of mollusks
|
gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda
|
|
|
gastopoda
|
limpets, snail, slugs
|
|
|
bilvalvia
|
clams, oysters, scallops
|
|
|
cephalopoda
|
squids, octopuses, cuttlefishes, and chamgered nautilus
|
|
|
gastropoda classification
|
visceral mass
centralized ganglia towards head bivalve (two shells) siphoz- suck in water (no mouth) |
