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351 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the study of animals?
zoology
Define Zoology
Study of animals
What is another word for an animal?
zoan
What is another word for study?
logos
What is the branch of zoology that studies protozoans?
Protozoology
What is the branch of zoology that studies insects?
Entomology
What is the branch of zoology that studies fish?
Ichthyology
What is the branch of zoology that studies amphibians and reptiles?
Herpetology
What is the branch of zoology that studes birds?
Orinthology
What is the branch of zoology that studies mammals?
Mammology
Explain what organisms are studied for the following branches of zoology:Protozoology, entomology, icthyology, herpetology, orinthology, and mammology.
Protozoology, Entomology, Ichthyology, Herpetology, Orinthology, Mammology





List the characteristics of animals
Multicelular, heterotrophs, motility, no cell walls, muscle and nervous tissue.
What word is used to mean more than one cell?
Multicellular
What word is used to mean an animal stays put as an adult?
sessile
What word is used to mean an animal moves around s an adult?
motile
What type of reproduction involves a sperm and an egg being united?
Sexual
What word is used to describe the cell division or mitosis that occurs to the zygote?
cleavage
What is the name for the hollow ball of cells that results from the zygote undergoing cell division?
blastula
The blastula goes through the process of ______ to form tissues
gastrulation
Larvae often go through a process that causes cange in there bodies. _____ is the change that a caerpillar goes through to become a butterfly?
Metamorphosis
Do all animals go through metamorphosis?
No
The study of classification is called?
Taxonomy
Who was the first person to classify organisms based on similiarities?
Aristotle
Who advanced classification and proposed the species concept?
John Ray
Who proposed the system called binomial nomenclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
What language(s) are used to name organisms in the binomial nomenclature system?
Greek or Latin
How many names are used in the system of binomial nomenclature?
2
What is the first name called?
genus
What is the second name called?
specific epithet
Which one always has the first letter capitalized?
genus
Which one is always all lowercase?
specific epithet
Write out a scientific name and underline it correctly.
Homo sapiens
What is the arrangement of body parts without a central axis?
asymmetry
What is the arrangement of body parts with a central axis?
symmetry
If you have balanced proportions, do you have symmetry?
Yes
What type of symmetry would you have if you can divide a body into equal halve by pssing 2 or more planes through the central axis?
Radial
Give an example of an animal with radial symmetry.
Jellyfish, starfish, sea urchin
What type of symmetry would you have if you can divide a body into 2 equal halves by only ne plane along the midline(sagittal plane)?
bilateral symmetry( you, snake, fish)
Organisms with bilateral symmetry are developed for ___ (give direction) motion?
forward
Bilaterally symmetrical organisms usually have a head (true or false)
true
What refers to the hip region
pelvic
What refers to the chest region?
pectoral
term that mean toward the midline
medial
term that means away from the midline
lateral
term that means above a point of reference
superior
term that means below a point of reference
inferior
term that means back or rear
dorsal
term that means front or the belly side
ventral
term that means toward the poin of attachment
proximal
term that means away from the poin of attachment
distal
term that means toward the head
cephalic
term that means toward the tail
caudal
term that refers to tail end
posterior
term that refers to the head end or end that meets the environment
anterior
term that refers to the front
anterior
term that refers to the back
posterior
What 2 terms are use to refer to the regions top and bottom of a radially-symmetrical organism?
aboral and oral
Which term refers to the side with the mouth?
oral
Which term refers to the side oppostite to the mouth?
aboral
Give an example of an organism that this would refer to?
starfish and jellyfish
What are the 3 planes used to refer to regions of a bilaterally-symmetrically animal?
frontal, sagittal, transverse
Which plane divides a bilaterally-symmetrical body into dorsal and ventral?
frontal or coronal
Which plane divides a bilaterally-symmetrical body into left and right sides?
sagittal
What is another name for the frontal plane?
coronal
What is another name for the transverse plan?
cross section
The frontal plane divides a bilateral body into what?
dorsal and ventral
The sagittal plane divides a bilateral body into
right and left
The transverse plane divides a bilateral body into
anterior and posterior or superior and inferior
Most animals have 3 ferm layers. Name all 3.
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Which one is outer most
ectoderm
which one is inner most?
endoderm
Whic one is the middle
mesoderm
Which level of organization do sponges have?
Cellular or cytoplasmic
Do sponges have tissues?
no
Which organisms have the cellular level of organization?
sponges
What would consist of 2 tissue layers?
diploblastic
What layers do diploblastic oranisms have?
ectoderm and endoderm
Give an example of a diploblastic organism?
jellyfish
What would have 3 tissue layers?
triploblastic
List 3 tissue layers associated with a triploblastic organism
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Give an example fof a triploblastic organism
you
What means with a body cavity?
coelom
Give an example of an acoelomate organism
flatworm=tapeworm
Which layer is innermost?
endoderm
Which layer is outer most?
ectoderm
Which layer is in the middle?
mesoderm
Which layer is associated with the digetive system?
endoderm
What means false body cavity?
pseudoccoelom
What membrane does a pseudoccoelomate organism lack?
mesodermal peritoneum
What means true cavity?
eucoelom
What membrane is present in a eucoelomate?
mesodermal peritoneum
What is another name for a trume body cavity?
Coelom
Give an example of an organism that possesses a true body cavity?
you
What are the 2 main groups of coelomate animals?
Protostomate and deuterostomate
Which one has spiral cleavage
protostomate
Which one has a radial cleavage
deuterostomate
which one has blastopore that forms the mouth
protostomate
which one has blastopore that forms the anus
deuterostomate
which one has its coelom form when the mesoderm splits?
protostomate
which one has its coelom form as pockets off of the gut
deuerostomate
Give some examples of protostomate organisms
mollusksk, worms, bugs
Give some examples of deuterostomate organisms
starfish, and chordates
List the 4 different types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
List 2 examples of epithelial tissue
simple and stratified
The type of epithelal tisse lines blood vessels and is flate
simple squamous
This type of epithelial tissue is cube-shaped and is found in kidney tubules
cuboidal
This type of epithelial tissue is column-shaped and is found lining he digestive tract.
columnar
this type of epithelil tissue has cilia, nuclei are at different levels,is column-shaped and is gound in the trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
When squamous cells are layered they are called what?
stratified squamous epithelium
List 6 types o connective tissue
adipose, loose ct, dense ct, bone, blood, and cartilage
What ct cells have fat( fat droplet inside)
adipose
which ct cell contain red and whit blood cells
blood
which ct cells are found in the sking and are loosely arranged
loose ct
What refers to the formation of similiar body segments in animals?
metamerism
Another name for segmentation is?
Meamerism
The segments form along the what axis?
longitudinal
Each segment is also called a what?
somite
Give some examples of somites
segemtns of an earthworm and vertebrae
Why is cephalization important?
Because it locates sense organs on the anterior end
Sponges belong to Phylum_____
Porfiera
Give3 classes that sponges may be classified into
Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae
Are sponges muliticellular
yes
What level of organization do sponges have
cellular or cytoplasmic
Sponges lack what in their organization?
tissues and organs
What cells help sponges trap food from water
collar or choanocytes
What word refers to the fact that sponges can not make their own food?
heterotrophic
Isdifestion intracellular or extracellular
intracellular
The internal skeleton of sponges is made of what?
spicules and sponging
Which component is made of sharp glass or calcium fragments?
spicules
Which component is made primarily of collagen (protein)
sponging
What is the gel-like matrix (mesenchyme) called that surrounds the spicules and spongin?
mesohyl
Do most sponges have symmetry?
no
If symmetry is present, which type is found?
radial
Which type of sponge reproduction involves sperm and eggs getting together?
sexual
List the stages of sexual reproduction in sponges
sperm/egg, otile zygote, flageliated larva, adult
Which type of sponge reproduction involves pieces of sponge being broken off to become a new sponge
asexual
Spnge cells that are surrounded by a protective coat and can survive harsh environmental conditions to later develop into sponges are called?
gemmules
Are gemmules internal or external
internal
If a sponge larva develops and later becomes planted( does not get up or move around), what term is used to describe this sponge?
sessile
List the 3 canal systems found in sponges
asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid
Which canal system is vase-like
asconoid
which canal system has a folded body wall
syconoid
which system has an extensively branched canal system
leuconod
which canal system is simple
asconoid
which canal system is intermediate
syconoid
which canal system is complex
leuconoid
what body form does grantia or scypha have
syconoid
___ are sponge epithelial cells that form the oter layer
pinacocytes
__ are sponge cells that digest food and make spicules.
archaeocytes
__ are sponge body cells that form water currents
choanocytes
__ are sponge body cells that trap food particles from water
choanocytes
What is the large central cavity inside the sponge
spongocoel
what is the large opening exiting the central cavity
osculum
what are outside openings leading int incurrent canals
ostia
what are the canals that join the incurrent canal with the spongocoel
radialcanals
what is the gel-like matrix that contains amoebocytes and spicules
mesohyl
What sponge class is found in shallow marine waters
calcarea
Which sponge class is found in deep marie waters
hexactinelida
Which sponge class has CaCO3 spicules
calcarea
Which sponge class has glass (siliceous) spicules with 6 rays
hexactinelida
Which sponge class is sometimes given as gifts at Japanese weddigns
hexatinelida
Which sponge class is also called bath sponges
demosponhiae
Which sponge class contains 95% of all sponges
demospongiae
Which sponge class contains the venus flower basket
hexatinelida
Which sponge class contains the sheep's wool sponge
demospongiae
are most demospongiae found in fresh water or marine waters
marine
bath sponges have what type of skeleton
spongin
jellyfish and cnidarians belong to kingdom___ and to phylum___
animalia, cnidaria
list 3 classes tha most cnidarians are classified into
hydrozoa, scyphozoa, anthzoa
cnidarians have what symmetry
radial
cnidarians have 2 body form called what
polyp and medusa
which body form has tentacles and a mouth on top
poly
which bod form has tentacles and a mouth on the bottom
medusa
which body orm is free swimming
medusa
which body form is sessile
polyp
what word describes 2 different body forms
dimorphism
why is dimorphism important biologically- in other words, what is the advantage for having 2 body forms
opens ecological opportunities, habitats, and decreases competition
what are specialized stinging cells
cnidocyte
what is the actual stinging device
nematocyst
jellyfish that have 2 body layers are said to be what
diploblastic
a diploblastic organism would have which 2 tissue layers
ectoderm, endoderm
what is found between the epidermis and gastrodermis of jellyfish
mesoglea
jellyfish use a what to coordinate swimming movements
nerve net
Do jellyfish have nerve cells
yes
te type of digestion that jellyfish have is what
extracellular
in incomplete digestion, which opening is present and which openigng is lacking
mouth present, anus absen
digestion in jellyfish occurs ___ cells and is called what digestion
outside, extracellular
digestion occurs within the what cavity
gastrovascular
sexual reproduction produces a what larva
planula
which tissue layer in jellyfish lines gastrovascular cavity
gastrodermis/endoderm
the mesoglea layer is much thicker in what body form
medusa
the word hydrozoa lterally means what
water + animal
are hydrozoans sessile
yes
in reproduction, alternaion of generations occurs and is called
metagenesis
in metagensis, the sexual stage is followed by the ____stage which is followed by the ___ stage
sexual, asexual
what is an example of a colonial hydroid
obeliea
the reproductive polyp in obelia is called a what and lacks what
gonangium,tentacles
the feeding polyp in obelia is called what and has what
hydranth, tentacles
the feeding polyps transfer food to the reproductive polyps through what
tissue connections
whic hydrozoan has no medusa stage
hydra
which hydrozoan is a colonial hydrozoan
obelia
the word scyphozoan literally means
cup + animal
which body form is dominate in scyphozoans
medusa
reproductions occurs through
metagensis
which jellyfish in the scyphozoan group is over 6 feet in diameter
cyanea capilota
where is the sea wasp found
australia
the species name for the moon jelly fish is called
aurelia
the species name for the sea wasp is called
chironex flecken
the word anthozoa literally means
flower + animal
anthozoans have which body type
polyp
many anthozoans are colonial and form
reefs
give 4 examples of anthozoans
anemone, sea fan, sea pen, coral
the brilliant colors found in corals are due to the animals extracting what from the water
minerals
give 3 examples of corals
brian, staghorn, and organpipe
deadly jellyfish
scyphozoa
only polyp stages
anthozoa
mostly medusa stages
scyphozoa
obeliea
hydrozoa
sea pen
anthozoa
portuguese man of war
hydrozoa
the word ctenophora literally means
comb + bearing
comb jellies and sea walnuts belong to the phlym
ctenophora
comb jellies have a what shape
spherical
do comb jellies have nemaocysts
no
comb jellies can emit light and this called what
bioluminescence
comb jellies use their colloblasts for
catching food organisms
comb jellies have how many rows of comb plates that they use for what
8,swimming
the pltyhelminthes literally means
flat+worm
clas turbellaria contains
planarains
class trematoda contains
flukes
class cestoda contains
tapeworms
flatorms belong to the phylum
platyhelminthes
flatworms have what symmetry and a what
bilateral, head
flatworms have 3 body layers and are said to be what
triploblastic
flatworms lack a body cavity and are called
acoelomates
list 3 tissue layers found in flatworms
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
flatworms have the what level of organization
organ. organ system
the nervous system in flatworms looks ike a
ladder
flatworms have flame celss called
protonephridia
protonephridia function as
kidneys
flatworms may have an ___ digestive tract
incomplete
do all flatworms have digestive tracts
no
if an organism has both male and female sexual reproductive structures in its body, it is said to be what
monoecious
if an organism has either male or female sex organs but not both, it is said to be
dioecious
fertilization is accomplished when worms exchange
sperm
the lateral lobes on the head of a planarian are called what
auricles
the planarian eyespots serve as what organs
sense
are planarians free-living or parasitic
free-living
can planarians regenerate
yes
give an example of a planarian
dugesia- common freshwater planarian
are all trematodes (flukes) parasitic
yes
list the organs( in the hose organisms) where flukes could be found
liver, intestine, lungs
the body of a fluke is shaped like what
a leaf
what surrounds the mouth and attaches the fluke to the hot
oral sucker
what hold fluke inside host
oral and ventral sucker
what contain eggs
uterus
what produces eggs
ovary
what produces sperm
testes
what stores sperm
seminal receptacle
what cecum
intestine
the host where secual maturity and reproduction of parasite occurs is called the what host
definitive
the species name for he chinese liver fluke is
clonorchis sinensis
the difinitive host for clonorchis sinesis is
man
humans become infected with clonochis sinesis by eating what
poorly cooked fish
adult clonorchis sinesis are found in the human's what and may result in what
liver/bile ducts, blockage
the species name for blood flukes is what
schistosoma
humans are infected with schistosoma by coming into contact with what water
contaminated- contains he cercaria stage
class cestoda contains the what
tapeworms
are all tapeworms parasitic
yes
the fals body segments of tapeworms are called what
proglottids
do tapeworms have digestive tract
no
which tapeworm body region attaches to te hos and may contain hooks and suckers
scolex
the youngest segments are called __ proglottids
immature
secually matrure segments are called __ proglottids
mature
what structures are found inside a sexually mature proglottid?
uterus, ovary, vagina, genital pore, sperm duct and testes
which tapeworm segments contian eggs and are considered ripe
gravid
the specied name for beef tapeworm is
taenia saginatus
which tapeworm is the most commonly found in humans
beef tapeworm
where is the beef tapeworm found
worldwide where cattle are raised
how longcan beef tapeworm grow to be
nearly 30 feet
humans are infected with the beef trapeworm when they eat
badderworm- immature stages in the meat
where does the bladderworm go after you eat raw beef
stomach, intestine
what animal serves as the intermediate host
cattle
what stage infects the cow muscle
bladdercyst
how do you know if you have a tapeworm
dizziness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache
the species name for the pork tapeworm is waht
taenia solium
what 2 ways are humans infected with the pork tapeworm?
consuming pork containing live bladderworms, eating pork tapeworm eggs
if you were infected by pork tapeworm eggs, this could result in bladder worms infecting your
brain
are most tissues susceptible to infection
yes
the circle of cilia near the mouth of rotiefer is called the
corona
rotifers are found in an __ environment
aquatic
do rotifers have mesodermal peritoneum
no
are rotifers acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, or ecoelomates
pseudocoelomates
roundworms belong to the phylum
nematoda
nematodes are also called
roundworms
nematodes have what kind of symmetry and are said to be ___ because they have all germ layers.
bilateral, triploblastic
roundworms ahve a what kind of digestive system
complete
roundworms move in a whiplash motion because they only have what muscles
longitudinal
nematodes have a false body cavity called what
pseudocoelom
why are nematodes important to mana dn animals?
cause many health problems = many are parasites
nematodes hae separate male and female sexes and are said to be what
dioecious
which sex typically has a crook in tis posterior end or tail
male
in cross section, an ascaris female would have eggs store din this structure
uterus
many nematodes are parasitic and are able to resist digestive enzymes in the hosts stomach/intestine because of its protective coat caled a
cuticle
what is the scientific name fr the human hookworm?
nectar americanus
which end of hookworms is crooked, the anterior or posterior?
anterior
hookworms feed on what
intestinal blood
a severe hookworm infection may lead to anemia true or false
true
how are you infected by necator americanus larva
larva in contact with your skin penetrate the skin and enter the blood stream
what isgn is seen when a hookworm infection is in progress
red bump or line on skin
segmented worms belong to the phylum
annelida
earthworms belong to the class
olgochaeta
clam worms and tube worms belong to class
polychaeta
leeches belong to the class
hirudinea
which class name literally means few bristles
oligochaeta
which class name literally means man bristles
polychaeta
which type of body symmerty is found in annelids or segmented worms
bilateral
do segmented worms have true body segments
yes
true body segments are called
somites
how many muscle layers are found in annelids
2
the outer layer is made of __ muscle and the inner layer is made __ muscle
circular, longitudinal
the chitinous bristles that are absent in leeches but found in other annelids are called what
setae
the annelid circulatory system is open or closed
closed
the digestive system in annelids is complete or incomplete
complete
annelids are coelomates true or false
true
segmented worms have kidneys called
nephridia
reproduction in earthworms is ___ because a single worm has both male and female sex organs present
monoecious
describe reproduction in earthworms
2 worms exachange sperm and then fertilize their own eggs
an earthworms upper lip above the mouth is called the
prostomium
the band of tissue or earthworms that secretes mucus for the cocoon is called the wha
clitellum
the earthworm's throat is also called its what
pharynx
in an earthworm which organ stores food
crop
in an earthworm which organ grinds food
gizzard
where is the crop and gizzard located
posterior to the pharynx= crop and then gizzard
earthhworms have pairs of hearts that are found around it
5 pairs around the pharynx
structures in worms that contain sperm to be transferred to another worm are called __ and the structures that receive the sperm in the other worm are called
seminal vesicles, seminal receptacles
which are larger structures, seminal receptacles or seminal vesicals
seminal vesicles
the scientific name for earthworm is
lumbricus terrestris
annelids that have many setae are called
polychaetes
free swimming predatory polychaetes like the clam worm have a well developed head and senses or are they more like earthworms without a developed head
they have a well develope head
where do tube worms live
in tubes found in ocean sediment
what are their tubes made of
parchment, sand, calcium
are tube worms free swimming or sedentary
sedentary
give an example of a tube worm
amphitrite
do leeches have a fixed number of segments? if so how many
yes, 34
leech saliva contains 2 important substances
local anesthetic to numb the bite, hirudin- anticoagulant to keep blood flowing
the anticoagulant in leech saliva is called
hirudin
leeches may mate by injecting a __ into the body cavity of another leech
spermatophore
how were leeches used historically
blood letting= removing bad blood
how are leeches used today
microsurgery- decrease swelling or edema after surgery
give the scientific name for te medicinal leech
hirudo medicinalis