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351 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the study of animals?
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zoology
|
|
Define Zoology
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Study of animals
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What is another word for an animal?
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zoan
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What is another word for study?
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logos
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What is the branch of zoology that studies protozoans?
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Protozoology
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What is the branch of zoology that studies insects?
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Entomology
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What is the branch of zoology that studies fish?
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Ichthyology
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What is the branch of zoology that studies amphibians and reptiles?
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Herpetology
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What is the branch of zoology that studes birds?
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Orinthology
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What is the branch of zoology that studies mammals?
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Mammology
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Explain what organisms are studied for the following branches of zoology:Protozoology, entomology, icthyology, herpetology, orinthology, and mammology.
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Protozoology, Entomology, Ichthyology, Herpetology, Orinthology, Mammology
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List the characteristics of animals
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Multicelular, heterotrophs, motility, no cell walls, muscle and nervous tissue.
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What word is used to mean more than one cell?
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Multicellular
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What word is used to mean an animal stays put as an adult?
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sessile
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What word is used to mean an animal moves around s an adult?
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motile
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What type of reproduction involves a sperm and an egg being united?
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Sexual
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What word is used to describe the cell division or mitosis that occurs to the zygote?
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cleavage
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What is the name for the hollow ball of cells that results from the zygote undergoing cell division?
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blastula
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The blastula goes through the process of ______ to form tissues
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gastrulation
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Larvae often go through a process that causes cange in there bodies. _____ is the change that a caerpillar goes through to become a butterfly?
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Metamorphosis
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Do all animals go through metamorphosis?
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No
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The study of classification is called?
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Taxonomy
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Who was the first person to classify organisms based on similiarities?
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Aristotle
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Who advanced classification and proposed the species concept?
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John Ray
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Who proposed the system called binomial nomenclature?
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Carolus Linnaeus
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What language(s) are used to name organisms in the binomial nomenclature system?
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Greek or Latin
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How many names are used in the system of binomial nomenclature?
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2
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What is the first name called?
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genus
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What is the second name called?
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specific epithet
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Which one always has the first letter capitalized?
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genus
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Which one is always all lowercase?
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specific epithet
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Write out a scientific name and underline it correctly.
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Homo sapiens
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What is the arrangement of body parts without a central axis?
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asymmetry
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What is the arrangement of body parts with a central axis?
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symmetry
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If you have balanced proportions, do you have symmetry?
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Yes
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What type of symmetry would you have if you can divide a body into equal halve by pssing 2 or more planes through the central axis?
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Radial
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Give an example of an animal with radial symmetry.
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Jellyfish, starfish, sea urchin
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What type of symmetry would you have if you can divide a body into 2 equal halves by only ne plane along the midline(sagittal plane)?
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bilateral symmetry( you, snake, fish)
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Organisms with bilateral symmetry are developed for ___ (give direction) motion?
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forward
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Bilaterally symmetrical organisms usually have a head (true or false)
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true
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What refers to the hip region
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pelvic
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What refers to the chest region?
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pectoral
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term that mean toward the midline
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medial
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term that means away from the midline
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lateral
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term that means above a point of reference
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superior
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term that means below a point of reference
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inferior
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term that means back or rear
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dorsal
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term that means front or the belly side
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ventral
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term that means toward the poin of attachment
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proximal
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term that means away from the poin of attachment
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distal
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term that means toward the head
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cephalic
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term that means toward the tail
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caudal
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term that refers to tail end
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posterior
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term that refers to the head end or end that meets the environment
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anterior
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term that refers to the front
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anterior
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term that refers to the back
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posterior
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What 2 terms are use to refer to the regions top and bottom of a radially-symmetrical organism?
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aboral and oral
|
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Which term refers to the side with the mouth?
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oral
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Which term refers to the side oppostite to the mouth?
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aboral
|
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Give an example of an organism that this would refer to?
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starfish and jellyfish
|
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What are the 3 planes used to refer to regions of a bilaterally-symmetrically animal?
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frontal, sagittal, transverse
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Which plane divides a bilaterally-symmetrical body into dorsal and ventral?
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frontal or coronal
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Which plane divides a bilaterally-symmetrical body into left and right sides?
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sagittal
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What is another name for the frontal plane?
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coronal
|
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What is another name for the transverse plan?
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cross section
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The frontal plane divides a bilateral body into what?
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dorsal and ventral
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The sagittal plane divides a bilateral body into
|
right and left
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The transverse plane divides a bilateral body into
|
anterior and posterior or superior and inferior
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Most animals have 3 ferm layers. Name all 3.
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ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
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Which one is outer most
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ectoderm
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which one is inner most?
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endoderm
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Whic one is the middle
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mesoderm
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|
Which level of organization do sponges have?
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Cellular or cytoplasmic
|
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Do sponges have tissues?
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no
|
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Which organisms have the cellular level of organization?
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sponges
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What would consist of 2 tissue layers?
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diploblastic
|
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What layers do diploblastic oranisms have?
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ectoderm and endoderm
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Give an example of a diploblastic organism?
|
jellyfish
|
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What would have 3 tissue layers?
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triploblastic
|
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List 3 tissue layers associated with a triploblastic organism
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Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
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Give an example fof a triploblastic organism
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you
|
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What means with a body cavity?
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coelom
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Give an example of an acoelomate organism
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flatworm=tapeworm
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Which layer is innermost?
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endoderm
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Which layer is outer most?
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ectoderm
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Which layer is in the middle?
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mesoderm
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Which layer is associated with the digetive system?
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endoderm
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What means false body cavity?
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pseudoccoelom
|
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What membrane does a pseudoccoelomate organism lack?
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mesodermal peritoneum
|
|
What means true cavity?
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eucoelom
|
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What membrane is present in a eucoelomate?
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mesodermal peritoneum
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What is another name for a trume body cavity?
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Coelom
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Give an example of an organism that possesses a true body cavity?
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you
|
|
What are the 2 main groups of coelomate animals?
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Protostomate and deuterostomate
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Which one has spiral cleavage
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protostomate
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Which one has a radial cleavage
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deuterostomate
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which one has blastopore that forms the mouth
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protostomate
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which one has blastopore that forms the anus
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deuterostomate
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which one has its coelom form when the mesoderm splits?
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protostomate
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which one has its coelom form as pockets off of the gut
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deuerostomate
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Give some examples of protostomate organisms
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mollusksk, worms, bugs
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Give some examples of deuterostomate organisms
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starfish, and chordates
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List the 4 different types of tissues
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epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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List 2 examples of epithelial tissue
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simple and stratified
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The type of epithelal tisse lines blood vessels and is flate
|
simple squamous
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This type of epithelial tissue is cube-shaped and is found in kidney tubules
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cuboidal
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This type of epithelial tissue is column-shaped and is found lining he digestive tract.
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columnar
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this type of epithelil tissue has cilia, nuclei are at different levels,is column-shaped and is gound in the trachea
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pseudostratified ciliated columnar
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When squamous cells are layered they are called what?
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stratified squamous epithelium
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List 6 types o connective tissue
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adipose, loose ct, dense ct, bone, blood, and cartilage
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What ct cells have fat( fat droplet inside)
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adipose
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which ct cell contain red and whit blood cells
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blood
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which ct cells are found in the sking and are loosely arranged
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loose ct
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What refers to the formation of similiar body segments in animals?
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metamerism
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Another name for segmentation is?
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Meamerism
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The segments form along the what axis?
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longitudinal
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Each segment is also called a what?
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somite
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Give some examples of somites
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segemtns of an earthworm and vertebrae
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Why is cephalization important?
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Because it locates sense organs on the anterior end
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Sponges belong to Phylum_____
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Porfiera
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Give3 classes that sponges may be classified into
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Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae
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Are sponges muliticellular
|
yes
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What level of organization do sponges have
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cellular or cytoplasmic
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Sponges lack what in their organization?
|
tissues and organs
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What cells help sponges trap food from water
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collar or choanocytes
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What word refers to the fact that sponges can not make their own food?
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heterotrophic
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Isdifestion intracellular or extracellular
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intracellular
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The internal skeleton of sponges is made of what?
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spicules and sponging
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Which component is made of sharp glass or calcium fragments?
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spicules
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Which component is made primarily of collagen (protein)
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sponging
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What is the gel-like matrix (mesenchyme) called that surrounds the spicules and spongin?
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mesohyl
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Do most sponges have symmetry?
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no
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If symmetry is present, which type is found?
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radial
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Which type of sponge reproduction involves sperm and eggs getting together?
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sexual
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List the stages of sexual reproduction in sponges
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sperm/egg, otile zygote, flageliated larva, adult
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Which type of sponge reproduction involves pieces of sponge being broken off to become a new sponge
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asexual
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Spnge cells that are surrounded by a protective coat and can survive harsh environmental conditions to later develop into sponges are called?
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gemmules
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Are gemmules internal or external
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internal
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If a sponge larva develops and later becomes planted( does not get up or move around), what term is used to describe this sponge?
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sessile
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List the 3 canal systems found in sponges
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asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid
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Which canal system is vase-like
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asconoid
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which canal system has a folded body wall
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syconoid
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which system has an extensively branched canal system
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leuconod
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which canal system is simple
|
asconoid
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which canal system is intermediate
|
syconoid
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which canal system is complex
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leuconoid
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what body form does grantia or scypha have
|
syconoid
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___ are sponge epithelial cells that form the oter layer
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pinacocytes
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__ are sponge cells that digest food and make spicules.
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archaeocytes
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__ are sponge body cells that form water currents
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choanocytes
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__ are sponge body cells that trap food particles from water
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choanocytes
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What is the large central cavity inside the sponge
|
spongocoel
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what is the large opening exiting the central cavity
|
osculum
|
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what are outside openings leading int incurrent canals
|
ostia
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what are the canals that join the incurrent canal with the spongocoel
|
radialcanals
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what is the gel-like matrix that contains amoebocytes and spicules
|
mesohyl
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What sponge class is found in shallow marine waters
|
calcarea
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Which sponge class is found in deep marie waters
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hexactinelida
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Which sponge class has CaCO3 spicules
|
calcarea
|
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Which sponge class has glass (siliceous) spicules with 6 rays
|
hexactinelida
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Which sponge class is sometimes given as gifts at Japanese weddigns
|
hexatinelida
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Which sponge class is also called bath sponges
|
demosponhiae
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Which sponge class contains 95% of all sponges
|
demospongiae
|
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Which sponge class contains the venus flower basket
|
hexatinelida
|
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Which sponge class contains the sheep's wool sponge
|
demospongiae
|
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are most demospongiae found in fresh water or marine waters
|
marine
|
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bath sponges have what type of skeleton
|
spongin
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jellyfish and cnidarians belong to kingdom___ and to phylum___
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animalia, cnidaria
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list 3 classes tha most cnidarians are classified into
|
hydrozoa, scyphozoa, anthzoa
|
|
cnidarians have what symmetry
|
radial
|
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cnidarians have 2 body form called what
|
polyp and medusa
|
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which body form has tentacles and a mouth on top
|
poly
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which bod form has tentacles and a mouth on the bottom
|
medusa
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which body orm is free swimming
|
medusa
|
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which body form is sessile
|
polyp
|
|
what word describes 2 different body forms
|
dimorphism
|
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why is dimorphism important biologically- in other words, what is the advantage for having 2 body forms
|
opens ecological opportunities, habitats, and decreases competition
|
|
what are specialized stinging cells
|
cnidocyte
|
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what is the actual stinging device
|
nematocyst
|
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jellyfish that have 2 body layers are said to be what
|
diploblastic
|
|
a diploblastic organism would have which 2 tissue layers
|
ectoderm, endoderm
|
|
what is found between the epidermis and gastrodermis of jellyfish
|
mesoglea
|
|
jellyfish use a what to coordinate swimming movements
|
nerve net
|
|
Do jellyfish have nerve cells
|
yes
|
|
te type of digestion that jellyfish have is what
|
extracellular
|
|
in incomplete digestion, which opening is present and which openigng is lacking
|
mouth present, anus absen
|
|
digestion in jellyfish occurs ___ cells and is called what digestion
|
outside, extracellular
|
|
digestion occurs within the what cavity
|
gastrovascular
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sexual reproduction produces a what larva
|
planula
|
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which tissue layer in jellyfish lines gastrovascular cavity
|
gastrodermis/endoderm
|
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the mesoglea layer is much thicker in what body form
|
medusa
|
|
the word hydrozoa lterally means what
|
water + animal
|
|
are hydrozoans sessile
|
yes
|
|
in reproduction, alternaion of generations occurs and is called
|
metagenesis
|
|
in metagensis, the sexual stage is followed by the ____stage which is followed by the ___ stage
|
sexual, asexual
|
|
what is an example of a colonial hydroid
|
obeliea
|
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the reproductive polyp in obelia is called a what and lacks what
|
gonangium,tentacles
|
|
the feeding polyp in obelia is called what and has what
|
hydranth, tentacles
|
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the feeding polyps transfer food to the reproductive polyps through what
|
tissue connections
|
|
whic hydrozoan has no medusa stage
|
hydra
|
|
which hydrozoan is a colonial hydrozoan
|
obelia
|
|
the word scyphozoan literally means
|
cup + animal
|
|
which body form is dominate in scyphozoans
|
medusa
|
|
reproductions occurs through
|
metagensis
|
|
which jellyfish in the scyphozoan group is over 6 feet in diameter
|
cyanea capilota
|
|
where is the sea wasp found
|
australia
|
|
the species name for the moon jelly fish is called
|
aurelia
|
|
the species name for the sea wasp is called
|
chironex flecken
|
|
the word anthozoa literally means
|
flower + animal
|
|
anthozoans have which body type
|
polyp
|
|
many anthozoans are colonial and form
|
reefs
|
|
give 4 examples of anthozoans
|
anemone, sea fan, sea pen, coral
|
|
the brilliant colors found in corals are due to the animals extracting what from the water
|
minerals
|
|
give 3 examples of corals
|
brian, staghorn, and organpipe
|
|
deadly jellyfish
|
scyphozoa
|
|
only polyp stages
|
anthozoa
|
|
mostly medusa stages
|
scyphozoa
|
|
obeliea
|
hydrozoa
|
|
sea pen
|
anthozoa
|
|
portuguese man of war
|
hydrozoa
|
|
the word ctenophora literally means
|
comb + bearing
|
|
comb jellies and sea walnuts belong to the phlym
|
ctenophora
|
|
comb jellies have a what shape
|
spherical
|
|
do comb jellies have nemaocysts
|
no
|
|
comb jellies can emit light and this called what
|
bioluminescence
|
|
comb jellies use their colloblasts for
|
catching food organisms
|
|
comb jellies have how many rows of comb plates that they use for what
|
8,swimming
|
|
the pltyhelminthes literally means
|
flat+worm
|
|
clas turbellaria contains
|
planarains
|
|
class trematoda contains
|
flukes
|
|
class cestoda contains
|
tapeworms
|
|
flatorms belong to the phylum
|
platyhelminthes
|
|
flatworms have what symmetry and a what
|
bilateral, head
|
|
flatworms have 3 body layers and are said to be what
|
triploblastic
|
|
flatworms lack a body cavity and are called
|
acoelomates
|
|
list 3 tissue layers found in flatworms
|
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
|
|
flatworms have the what level of organization
|
organ. organ system
|
|
the nervous system in flatworms looks ike a
|
ladder
|
|
flatworms have flame celss called
|
protonephridia
|
|
protonephridia function as
|
kidneys
|
|
flatworms may have an ___ digestive tract
|
incomplete
|
|
do all flatworms have digestive tracts
|
no
|
|
if an organism has both male and female sexual reproductive structures in its body, it is said to be what
|
monoecious
|
|
if an organism has either male or female sex organs but not both, it is said to be
|
dioecious
|
|
fertilization is accomplished when worms exchange
|
sperm
|
|
the lateral lobes on the head of a planarian are called what
|
auricles
|
|
the planarian eyespots serve as what organs
|
sense
|
|
are planarians free-living or parasitic
|
free-living
|
|
can planarians regenerate
|
yes
|
|
give an example of a planarian
|
dugesia- common freshwater planarian
|
|
are all trematodes (flukes) parasitic
|
yes
|
|
list the organs( in the hose organisms) where flukes could be found
|
liver, intestine, lungs
|
|
the body of a fluke is shaped like what
|
a leaf
|
|
what surrounds the mouth and attaches the fluke to the hot
|
oral sucker
|
|
what hold fluke inside host
|
oral and ventral sucker
|
|
what contain eggs
|
uterus
|
|
what produces eggs
|
ovary
|
|
what produces sperm
|
testes
|
|
what stores sperm
|
seminal receptacle
|
|
what cecum
|
intestine
|
|
the host where secual maturity and reproduction of parasite occurs is called the what host
|
definitive
|
|
the species name for he chinese liver fluke is
|
clonorchis sinensis
|
|
the difinitive host for clonorchis sinesis is
|
man
|
|
humans become infected with clonochis sinesis by eating what
|
poorly cooked fish
|
|
adult clonorchis sinesis are found in the human's what and may result in what
|
liver/bile ducts, blockage
|
|
the species name for blood flukes is what
|
schistosoma
|
|
humans are infected with schistosoma by coming into contact with what water
|
contaminated- contains he cercaria stage
|
|
class cestoda contains the what
|
tapeworms
|
|
are all tapeworms parasitic
|
yes
|
|
the fals body segments of tapeworms are called what
|
proglottids
|
|
do tapeworms have digestive tract
|
no
|
|
which tapeworm body region attaches to te hos and may contain hooks and suckers
|
scolex
|
|
the youngest segments are called __ proglottids
|
immature
|
|
secually matrure segments are called __ proglottids
|
mature
|
|
what structures are found inside a sexually mature proglottid?
|
uterus, ovary, vagina, genital pore, sperm duct and testes
|
|
which tapeworm segments contian eggs and are considered ripe
|
gravid
|
|
the specied name for beef tapeworm is
|
taenia saginatus
|
|
which tapeworm is the most commonly found in humans
|
beef tapeworm
|
|
where is the beef tapeworm found
|
worldwide where cattle are raised
|
|
how longcan beef tapeworm grow to be
|
nearly 30 feet
|
|
humans are infected with the beef trapeworm when they eat
|
badderworm- immature stages in the meat
|
|
where does the bladderworm go after you eat raw beef
|
stomach, intestine
|
|
what animal serves as the intermediate host
|
cattle
|
|
what stage infects the cow muscle
|
bladdercyst
|
|
how do you know if you have a tapeworm
|
dizziness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache
|
|
the species name for the pork tapeworm is waht
|
taenia solium
|
|
what 2 ways are humans infected with the pork tapeworm?
|
consuming pork containing live bladderworms, eating pork tapeworm eggs
|
|
if you were infected by pork tapeworm eggs, this could result in bladder worms infecting your
|
brain
|
|
are most tissues susceptible to infection
|
yes
|
|
the circle of cilia near the mouth of rotiefer is called the
|
corona
|
|
rotifers are found in an __ environment
|
aquatic
|
|
do rotifers have mesodermal peritoneum
|
no
|
|
are rotifers acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, or ecoelomates
|
pseudocoelomates
|
|
roundworms belong to the phylum
|
nematoda
|
|
nematodes are also called
|
roundworms
|
|
nematodes have what kind of symmetry and are said to be ___ because they have all germ layers.
|
bilateral, triploblastic
|
|
roundworms ahve a what kind of digestive system
|
complete
|
|
roundworms move in a whiplash motion because they only have what muscles
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longitudinal
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nematodes have a false body cavity called what
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pseudocoelom
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why are nematodes important to mana dn animals?
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cause many health problems = many are parasites
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|
nematodes hae separate male and female sexes and are said to be what
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dioecious
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which sex typically has a crook in tis posterior end or tail
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male
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in cross section, an ascaris female would have eggs store din this structure
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uterus
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many nematodes are parasitic and are able to resist digestive enzymes in the hosts stomach/intestine because of its protective coat caled a
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cuticle
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|
what is the scientific name fr the human hookworm?
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nectar americanus
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which end of hookworms is crooked, the anterior or posterior?
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anterior
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hookworms feed on what
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intestinal blood
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|
a severe hookworm infection may lead to anemia true or false
|
true
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how are you infected by necator americanus larva
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larva in contact with your skin penetrate the skin and enter the blood stream
|
|
what isgn is seen when a hookworm infection is in progress
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red bump or line on skin
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|
segmented worms belong to the phylum
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annelida
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|
earthworms belong to the class
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olgochaeta
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|
clam worms and tube worms belong to class
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polychaeta
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|
leeches belong to the class
|
hirudinea
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which class name literally means few bristles
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oligochaeta
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|
which class name literally means man bristles
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polychaeta
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|
which type of body symmerty is found in annelids or segmented worms
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bilateral
|
|
do segmented worms have true body segments
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yes
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|
true body segments are called
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somites
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|
how many muscle layers are found in annelids
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2
|
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the outer layer is made of __ muscle and the inner layer is made __ muscle
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circular, longitudinal
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|
the chitinous bristles that are absent in leeches but found in other annelids are called what
|
setae
|
|
the annelid circulatory system is open or closed
|
closed
|
|
the digestive system in annelids is complete or incomplete
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complete
|
|
annelids are coelomates true or false
|
true
|
|
segmented worms have kidneys called
|
nephridia
|
|
reproduction in earthworms is ___ because a single worm has both male and female sex organs present
|
monoecious
|
|
describe reproduction in earthworms
|
2 worms exachange sperm and then fertilize their own eggs
|
|
an earthworms upper lip above the mouth is called the
|
prostomium
|
|
the band of tissue or earthworms that secretes mucus for the cocoon is called the wha
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clitellum
|
|
the earthworm's throat is also called its what
|
pharynx
|
|
in an earthworm which organ stores food
|
crop
|
|
in an earthworm which organ grinds food
|
gizzard
|
|
where is the crop and gizzard located
|
posterior to the pharynx= crop and then gizzard
|
|
earthhworms have pairs of hearts that are found around it
|
5 pairs around the pharynx
|
|
structures in worms that contain sperm to be transferred to another worm are called __ and the structures that receive the sperm in the other worm are called
|
seminal vesicles, seminal receptacles
|
|
which are larger structures, seminal receptacles or seminal vesicals
|
seminal vesicles
|
|
the scientific name for earthworm is
|
lumbricus terrestris
|
|
annelids that have many setae are called
|
polychaetes
|
|
free swimming predatory polychaetes like the clam worm have a well developed head and senses or are they more like earthworms without a developed head
|
they have a well develope head
|
|
where do tube worms live
|
in tubes found in ocean sediment
|
|
what are their tubes made of
|
parchment, sand, calcium
|
|
are tube worms free swimming or sedentary
|
sedentary
|
|
give an example of a tube worm
|
amphitrite
|
|
do leeches have a fixed number of segments? if so how many
|
yes, 34
|
|
leech saliva contains 2 important substances
|
local anesthetic to numb the bite, hirudin- anticoagulant to keep blood flowing
|
|
the anticoagulant in leech saliva is called
|
hirudin
|
|
leeches may mate by injecting a __ into the body cavity of another leech
|
spermatophore
|
|
how were leeches used historically
|
blood letting= removing bad blood
|
|
how are leeches used today
|
microsurgery- decrease swelling or edema after surgery
|
|
give the scientific name for te medicinal leech
|
hirudo medicinalis
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