Bio 1010 Final Review

Front 1

Biology

Back 1

The study of life

Front 2

Levels of biological orgatization

Back 2

Atom

Molecule

Cell

Tissue

Organ

Organ system

Organism

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biosphere

Front 3

Taxonomy classification levels

Back 3

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Hint 3

Dumb kids playing catch on free way get smashed

Front 4

Steps to scientific method

Back 4

Observation- using knowledge to form question (hypothesis)

Hypothesis- explanation

Test- observation or experiment, proves or disproves hypothesis.

Conclusion- results. Rejecte or supporte hypothesis

Front 5

Qualitative vs. Quantitative date

Back 5

Qualitative- deals with description. Data can be observed, colors, texture, smell,taste, etc.

Quantitative- deals with numbers. Data can be measured, length, width, area,volume, levels, cost,ages,etc.

Front 6

Hypothesis vs. Threory

Back 6

Hypothesis - suggested explanation or educated guess

Theory - a tested, well-substained explanation for proven factors

Front 7

Anecdotal vs. Credible evidence

Back 7

Anecdotal - stories shared by people. Not a hard fact.

Credible - evidence worth of belief. Jury decides if it's credible

Front 8

Types of bonds (3)

Back 8

Covalent - shared electrons

Ionic - transferred electrons

Hydrogen- weak bond between water molecules

Front 9

4 macromolecules

Back 9

Lipids - stores energy, FATS

Proteins - build, control, move muscles

Carbohydrates - energy from whole grain foods

Nucleic acids - DMA, RNA. Controls you

Front 10

Photosynthesis formula

Back 10

6 CO2 + 6 H2O ==> 6 O2 + C6H12O6

Front 11

Photosynthesis reactions (2)

Back 11

Light reaction - makes ATP and NADPH (carries energy), happens in chloroplast.

Calvin cycle - makes G3P (3 carbon molecule), happens in stroma

Front 12

Why do leaves turn color in the fall?

Back 12

Chloraphyll breaks down, turns then yellow/orange

Front 13

Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions

Back 13

Isotonic- concentration is equal on both sides

Hypotonic- concentration is greater on the inside.

Hypertonic- concentration is greater on the outside

Front 14

Roles of CO2, H2O, NADPH and O2 in photosynthesis

Back 14

Carbon dioxide is used with water to create oxygen and NADPH

Front 15

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Back 15

Endocytosis- large particles moving into cell

Exocytosis- large particles moving out of cell

Front 16

Purpose of glycoses

Back 16

To oxidize glucose and produce pyruvate. provides ATP and NADH

Front 17

Citric acid cycle products

Back 17

NADH, 2 ATP,FADH2.

Sugar is cut up completely

Front 18

Which evolved first, unicellular or multicellular organisms?

Back 18

Unicellular

Front 19

What is a specialized cell?

Back 19

Cells modified to carry out a specific task

Front 20

What type of organisms need specialized cells?

Back 20

Multicellular organisms

Front 21

Eukaryote vs. Prokaryote

Back 21

Eukaryote has nucleus and membrane bound cells; prokaryote don't

Front 22

What type of cell are bacteria?

Back 22

Prokaryotes

Front 23

Examples of eukaryotes

Back 23

Fungi

Protist

Plants

Animals

Front 24

What is a lipid bilayer?

Back 24

Fatty acids organized in two sheets

Front 25

Which organelles are found in only plant cells?

Back 25

Cell wall and chloroplasts

Front 26

Which organelles are found in both animal and plant cells?

Back 26

Cell membrane, nucleus, nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, E.R., ribosome, mitochondria, vacuole and lysosomes

Front 27

What organelle is more abundant in a active eukaryotes cell?

Back 27

Mitochondria, its the power house of the cell

Front 28

Osmosis vs. Diffusion

Back 28

Osmosis - water molecules from high concentration through a semipenetrable membrane to low concentration.

Diffusion - air molecules from high to low concentration

Front 29

Dna is replicated in what phase?

Back 29

Telophase

Front 30

Fertilization

Back 30

Union of two cells from to individual organisms.

Sperm meets egg

Front 31

Transcription vs translation

Back 31

Transcription - DNA to RNA, product occurs in mRNA, happens in nucleus, requires RNA polymerase.

Both - C,A,G,U and nucleotides

Translation - RNA to protein, product is in polypeptide, happens in ribosome, uses reagents to create polymerase chain.

Front 32

IMPAT

Back 32

interphase

Metaphase

Prophase

Anaphase

Telophase

Front 33

Somatic vs gamete cell

Back 33

Somatic - full set of chromosomes

Gamete - has haploid(half) membrane

Front 34

What are the 3 domains?

Back 34

Viruses

Bacteria

Protozoan

Front 35

Species

Back 35

Able to breed and produce fertile offspring

Front 36

Genetic drift

Back 36

More of one gene is present by chance

Front 37

Polyploidy

Back 37

Different species

Plants can be triploid or tetraploid

Front 38

Allopatric vs. Sympatric speciation

Back 38

Allopathic requires physical separation ( geographic isolation)

Sympatric does not

Front 39

Silicate cell wall

Back 39

Surrounds some bacteria, protects bacteria from surroundings

Front 40

Bacteria shape

Back 40

Rod shaped

Front 41

Amoeba vs trypanosomes movement

Back 41

Amoeba -moves by shifting body shape

Trpanosome- moves by "squishing"

Front 42

Fertilization vs. Pollination

Back 42

Fertilization requires pollination but pollination doesn't always mean the plant will be fertilized

Front 43

Product of fertilazation

Back 43

Eggs

Front 44

What type of cell division behins after fertilization?

Back 44

Mitosis

Front 45

Mycelium

Back 45

Thread like hypea, mass of branching found in fungus.

Front 46

Gymnosperm plants

Back 46

Pines

Ginko ("fossil" tree)

Ephedra (mormon tea)

Front 47

Geographic isolation

Back 47

Species separated by geographic feature

Hint 47

Islad, mountains, river etc

Front 48

Reproductive isolation

Back 48

Can't interbreed, different life styles