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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is always one of the by-products of dehydration synthesis of organic molecules? |
Water |
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What property of water allows it to stick to another object (wetting)? |
Adhesion |
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What are the heaviest subatomic particles? |
Neutron and Proton |
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What describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment? |
Ecology |
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What is the Rule of Octet? |
When the outer (valence) orbital of an atom is filled with 8 electrons the atom is stable. |
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What is the chemical bond formed by COMPLETE TRANSFER of electrons from one participant to another called? |
Ionic |
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What is a chemical bond formed by UNEQUAL SHARING of electrons called? |
Polar covalent |
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What are amino acids made of? |
Amine functional group, a carboxyl functional group, and the remainder of the molecule |
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What are functional groups? |
The groups of molecules that most often engage in chemical reactions. |
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What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth? |
the sun |
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Are phospholipids polar or non-polar? |
Both! Polar at one end, and non-polar at the other |
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What is the end-point of the Scientific Process? |
The development of a theory |
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When a protein has a helix shape, what kind of structure does it have? |
Secondary Structure |
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How are isomers formulas similar and different? |
same chemical formulas. Different structural formulas. |
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What is the bonding process where monomers are bonded together to form polymers? |
dehydration synthesis |
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What is the process called when polymers are broken apart? |
hydrolysis |
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What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? |
simple sugars |
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Muscles are made of what? |
protein |
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What molecules are vital to the chemistry of life because they catalyze chemical reactions? |
Enzymes |
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What are you attempting to do when testing a hypothesis? |
Falsify it/Invalidate it |
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What is Occam's Razor? |
A logical principle that states that one should not make more assumptions than the minimum needed. Leads to Principle of Parsimony. |
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What is the Principle of Parsimony? |
it underlies all scientific modeling and theory building. Says to choose the simplest explanation. |
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Why is it important to be scientifically literate? |
We are a science-based civilization |
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What is an element? |
Smallest unit of matter broken down by ordinary chemical means |
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What is an atom? |
The primary emergent property. Smallest unit of matter that retains characteristics of an element |
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What are emergent properties? |
The characteristics a material has. But when combined by chemical means, it has different characteristics |
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Place the following levels from smallest to largest: atom, biosphere, cell, ecosystem, molecule, organ, organism, population, tissue. Which is smallest level capable of demonstrating all the characteristics of life? |
atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere; cell |
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What is the core idea that unifies all areas of biology? |
Evolution |
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What is a hypothesis? |
A testable idea |
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How can an atom be changed into an ion? |
Adding or removing electrons |
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How can an atom be changed into a different isotope? |
neutrons |
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By changing the number of what, the atom becomes a different element? |
protons |
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What is a polar molecule? |
It is slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end |
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How do the unique properties of water result from the fact that water is a polar molecule? |
The positive and negative poles cause adjacent water molecules to become attracted to each other, forming hydrogen bonds. Cohesion, temperature regulation, and water's ability to act as a solvent all arise from the atomic stickiness. |
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Monomers are joined together to form larger polymers through what process? This reaction releases a molecule of what? |
dehydration reactions; water |
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Polymers are pro ken down into monomers through what chemical process? |
hydrolysis |