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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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independent variable
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cause
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dependent variable
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effect
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prokaryotes
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unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus
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eukaryotes
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cells with true nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
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nitrogen fixation
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bacteria that convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into forms that can be used by plants
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chemosynthetic bacteria
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bacteria that obtains their energy from oxidation of inorganic substances
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bacilli
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type of bacteria that is rod shaped
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cocci
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type of bacteria that is shaped like small spheres
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spirilla
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type of bacteria that is cork-screw shaped
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pellicle
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layer of elastic proteins just inside the cell membrane
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pyrenoids
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organelles that store sugars
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cilia
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tiny hair-like structures made of microtubules that often cover the entire surfaces of cells
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flagella
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composed of microtubules but are longer and beat in a wave like manner
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pseudopodia movement
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false feet extend from the body and pull the rest of the cell along
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cellulose
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makes up the cell wall; complex carbohydrate polymer
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plastids
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double-membrane bound organelles that perform a variety of functions
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plasmolysis
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cellular shrinkage occurring as a result of a cell being exposed to a hypertonic solution
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thylakoid membrane
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where the photo part of the reaction takes place; in the chloroplasts
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stroma
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fluid within the chloroplasts that surrounds the thylakoids
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law of segregation
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each gamete has an equal chance of receiving one allele or the other from the parent for every single gene
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law of independent assortment
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in meiosis different chromosomes assort into gametes independently from one another
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mantle
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thin, fleshy layer that secretes a hard shell
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radula
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rasp-like structure in the mouth used for scraping algae and drilling into hard shells of other mollusks
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gills
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used by clams for respiration and feeding
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operculum
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used by snails to prevent drying out
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torsion
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used by snails during development where the visceral mass and mantle rotate so that the anus ends up lying in the anterior body over the head and mouth
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enzymes
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makes reactions in cells go at a speed necessary to maintain life
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anterior
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head part of animal
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posterior or caudal
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the other end (not the head) of the animal
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dorsal
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facing the sky part of animal
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ventral
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facing the ground part of animal
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proximal
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anything inside of an animal that is more toward the middle
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distal
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anything outside or further away from the point of reference
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urogenital papilla
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a small budlike protrusion just ventral to the anus on the female pigs
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epitrichum
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layer of epidermis sloughed off as more is produced
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liver
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processes blood from the intestines
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gall bladder
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stores bile produced in the liver
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meconium
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greenish-black material formed mostly from amniotic fluid and sloughed-off cells that fills the fetal digestive system
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pyloric sphincter
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separates the stomach and the small intestine; circular muscles which prevents backflow of contents from the intestine to the stomach
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pancreas
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organ which has both digestive and endocrine functions
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mesentery membrane
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holds the pancreas in place
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peritoneum
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lines the body cavity
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epoglottis
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device designed to keep the respiratory and digestive systems separate
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bronchioles
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small tubes within each lung
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larnyx
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voice box
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kidney
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blood is processed to remove its load of metabolic waste
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vas deferens
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sperm duct
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epidiymis
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coiled set of tubules that surrounds the testis
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pericardium
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translucent membrane that covers the heart
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thymus
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spongy tissue covering the heart
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precaval vein
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drains the upper part of the body
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postcaval vein
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drains the lower part of the body
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hepatic portal vein
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drains the small intestine and delivers the blood to the liver
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dura mater
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tough connective tissue seal that is continuous with a seal around the rest of the nervous system
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