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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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10 Views on the Relevance of Jesus' Ethical Teachings |
1) Utopian
2)Lutheran 3)Roman Catholic 4) Interim 5) Existentialist 6) Liberal 7)White Elephant 8) Slave Morality 9) Postponed 10) Levels of authority |
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Utopian |
Christians can and should follow Jesus' teachings today. (can be more literal) |
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Lutheran |
Christians cannot successfully follow Jesus' teachings |
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Roman Catholic |
Some of Jesus' teachings are for ordinary Christians, and some are for superior Christians (clergy, monks, nuns) |
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Interim |
Jesus' teachings are intended for an anticipated brief period before the end of history. Weren't meant for us today (Albert Schweitzer) |
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Existentialist |
Jesus' teachings should provoke a decision for or against the Kingdom of God; he did not give us moral rules (Rudolf Bultmann) |
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Liberal |
Jesus' teachings stress the inner attitude of love (for God and man). Problem: that's all there is |
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White Elephant |
Jesus' teachings are irrelevant now; they were relevant for the first century world. Christians will be selective. |
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Slave morality |
Jesus' teachings should be ignored because they glorify weakness and humility (Friedrich Nietzsche). Ideal: ubermensch (superman; dominant person) |
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Postponed |
Jesus' teachings were intended for an ideal age at the end of time. |
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Levels of authority |
L.H. Marshall developed this view, based on two assumptions. a) Jesus taught moral principles, not laws. b) Jesus' teachings are not on the same level or plane. |
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Levels of Authority: Mandata: Central ethical principles |
-relevant to all Christians in all places and times -Highest authority 1) Dual command (Luke 10:25-28, Matt. 22:37-40): Eros, Philia, Storge, Agape; love God and your neighbor 2) Golden Rule: Matt. 7:12: sympathetic imagination; compassion 3) Repent 4) Prohibition on swearing: oaths; disrespectful speech about God, honesty and sincerity in speech 5) Non-resistance to evil: people absolutize- Quakers, Mennonites 6) Love of enemies: loving in the "agape" way 7) Treasures on earth: Jesus is open to reasonable thrift 8) Seeking the kingdom |
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Eros |
Physical/sexual love; primarily on uncommanded feeling |
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Philia |
friendship love; feeling |
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Storge |
family love |
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Agape |
-Action love; conscientious decision to do the right thing; to will, to work for the well-being of others. Jesus promoted this. |
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Levels of Authority: Exempla: examples of the principles at work |
1) Turn the other cheek 2) The extra garment 3) the second mile 4) Loaning money |
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Levels of Authority: Consilia: special counsels and warnings |
Lowest level and least relevance -"Jesus never expects us to sell everything" 1) sell everything 2) Secrecy in alms 3) Judge not |
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Sermon on the Mount Content (Matt. 5-7) |
-Life in the kingdom -The disciples character (a true follower of Jesus) -Beattitudes: blessed are the persecuted; covers retribution; blessed=suffereing, woe (if you're a bad person)=popular -the disciples influence: two ways christians can change the world 1) let your light shine, 2) Be the Salt -The Old and the New law: Jesus did not come to abolish but to fulfill |
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Six comparisons made by Jesus in Sermon on the Mount |
1) Murder: OT says murder is bad, Jesus says insulting or anger (raca) =murder 2) Adultery: OT says adultery=adultery, Jesus says lust=adultery as well. 3) Divorce: "exception clause" 4) Oaths: OT=don't swear falsely, Jesus says don't swear at all 5) Retaliation: OT says eye for an eye, Jesus says Do not resist evil-doer, issue of Lex taliones 6) Love your enemies |
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"Raca" |
Obscure term of abuse and insult |
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The Practice of Righteousness: Three Pious Acts |
1) Alms giving: do not make a big deal;be anonymous 2) Prayer: pray in secret 3) Fasting: do it in secret unless you want to inspire others. |
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The Single Loyalty |
-Two treasures: don't store earthly treasures, store heavenly treasures, priorities and value system, heavenly treasures come from character and deeds. -The eye and the body -Two masters (God and mammon/money): get your priorities right -anxiety and the kingdom |
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Mammon |
money or wealth |
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The New Fellowship |
-Do not judge lest you be judged -the "golden rule" -The call to decision Jesus on the theme of retribution |
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The call to Decision: Three images |
1) two ways: the gate or way, broad way or narrow way 2) Two fruits: you shall know them by their fruit, figs 3) Two foundations: Wise and foolish responses to Jesus (foolish man built his house on the sand, wise on a rock) However, if you do have a rock it is not a guarantee of success |
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Jesus on the theme of retribution |
1) blessed because you are good/wise but expect persecution 2) matt 5:45 3) wise=success, fool=suffering |
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Issues in the Synoptic Gospels (matt, mark, luke) |
What was Jesus' view of___? 1) Church discipline (excommunication) 2) Women (Mary and Martha; was Jesus a feminist?) 3) Non-Jews 4) Family (Corban: anti-family, God comes first) 5)Politics 6) Money 7) Animals (talks about animals a lot) 8) Violence (Jesus' cleansing of the temple and producing swords?) 9) In virto fertilization |
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Corban |
Anti-family, God comes first |
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How to determine Jesus' view of____ |
1) Begin with explicit texts (if any) on the subject 2) Discern principles that may apply to the subject |
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Paul's Ethics: Paul's human sources |
1) Jewish; OT law-- what is Paul's view 2)Hellenistic (Greco-Roman); how did this influence Paul?, Diatribe, Natural law (any open-minded person can look around and discern moral law) 3) Jesus' teaching; what was Paul's knowledge of Jesus? |
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Diatribe |
Writing style in Roman world; a question and answer writing style |
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Paul's Theological Ethics |
1) Theocentric: The Christian life is totally dependent on God, not other "powers" 2) Eschatological: futuristic, for when Jesus returns 3) Christocentric: talks about imitation of Christ; "in Christ"- Paul's primary term for what it means to be a Christian, umbrella term. 4) Pneumatic; pneuma= spirit or Holy spirit 5) Ecclesiastical: from Greek word of "church"; Church as the "body of Christ" |
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Pneuma |
Spirit or Holy Spirit |
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Paul's Ethics: selected texts |
-13 letters -1 & 2 Thessalonians, Galations, 1 Corinthians, Romans, Philemon, Ephesians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, others |
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Epistolary ethics |
epistle style letters addressing views and concerns |
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1 & 2 Thessalonians key ethical issue |
Relation of eschatology and ethics |
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1 Thessalonians issues |
-will of God= Sanctification -Abstain from fornication - Sexual ethics -Love of others; agape -Work ethics -This church is very concerned about the return of Christ -Test everything and evaluate everything -Moral checklist: Paul does not give us one but does leave clues -Holy kiss? |
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2 Thessalonians Issues |
-People are doing nothing and mooching off of the church -Work ethics: anyone who will not work, will not eat. -Stay active and alert -Imitation of Paul |
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Galations key theological issue |
Value of the OT law for Christians -The law will not save you; the law is like a "nanny" |
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Galations 3 views on Freedom
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1) Legalism: Judaizers (conservative Jews who have become Christians) think that first you're a Jew, then you become a Christian
2) Libertinism: Gnostics- total freedom 3) Love: Paul; christian freedom should be guided and controlled by agape love |
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Galations key ethical issue |
-Freedom and respnsibility |
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Galations: other issues |
-Works of the flesh; vice list contrasts with... -Fruit of the Spirit: virtue list -Responsibility: bear one another's burdens, everyone must carry their own load -Stigmata |
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1 Corinthians issues |
-Paul's possible opponents: Gnosticism -Dualism: 2 types of reality (spiritual and material) |
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Gnosis |
Knowledge |
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Asceticism |
extreme self-denial; 1 Cor. |
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Libertinism/antinomianism |
anti-law-ism; the real me is my soul so what my body does is not my responsibility; 1 Cor. |
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1 Corinthians ethical issues |
- Incest -Church discipline; need to address the issue -Lawsuits; Christians should not have a lawsuit against another Christian -Sexual immorality -Marital Sex -Celibacy: staying single for religious; spiritual gift; marriage is a high anxiety state. Being single allows you to focus on God's work -Divorce -Pauline Privilege; if a non-Christian spouse wants out, let them go. -Food offered to idols: all things are lawful but not all are beneficial; voluntary freedom to love someone else, love trumps freedom. -Women in worship -Lord's supper; if you're hungry, eat at home. |
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Romans issues |
-Homosexuality
-relationship to the world: calling Christians to be counter-cultural -Christian citizenship: submit to government and pay taxes. -Freedom and responsibility: "weak"= less liberated and cautious, "strong"=more liberty -Phoebe: female deacon |
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Prison Letters |
Philemon, Ephesians, Colossians, Phillippians |
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Philemon issues |
-Onesimus -Key issue: Slavery -Paul's social conservatism: he didn't have set opinions on social issues. -How did Christians eventually decide slavery should be abolished? -The principle of equality |
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4 reasons of Paul's social conservatism |
1) Economic 2)eschatological reasons 3) Evangelistic reasons; priority 4) Ecclesiastical reason |
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Ephesians: 4 arenas of the Christian life |
1) Church; speaking the truth in love 2) World: how do Christians relate to non-Christians? "be angry but do not sin" control anger 3) Family: "household table": list of responsibilities of family members. Is this ideal? or interim? 4) Evil ("powers"): supernatural evil?, spiritual war=need for spiritual armor. Systemic evil? evil in structure, institution |
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Pastoral letters |
1& 2 Timothy, Titus |
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Pastoral letters key ethical issue |
Relation of ecclesiology and ethics |
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1 Timothy issues |
Public worship- we should pray for our leaders. -women's hair and clothing -church leaders- ethical qualifications for these positions. -1) bishop 2)deacon -wine and love of money |
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Gospel of John |
-Narrative ethics -Logos-the word: incarnation;goodness of the physical world -Cana -Jesus' first miracle; water to wine -cleansing the temple (issue of using force) -Samaritan woman: issue of ethnic relations -adulterous woman: issue of adultery and death penalty -upper Room: foot washing, "new commandment", paraclete Room: foot washing, "new commandment", paraclete
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New commandment |
Love one another just as I have loved you |
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Paraclete |
Comforter , advocate, job description of the holy spirit |
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John's letters: 3 gnostic threats |
1) christological: docetism (Jesus only seemed to be human; wasn't fully human) 2) moral threat : people being unloving 3) social threat : elitism |
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1 john content |
-tests: never say you don't have sin - can you achieve sinless perfection? -don't love the world -antichrist(s) -do not be like Cain -test the spirits -God is love |
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1 john levels of sin |
Are there degrees of sin? -if no:sin is sin -if yes: the are mortal sins (7 deadly sins) and venial sins |
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Revelation type of literature |
-Apocalyptic -literature of persecution |
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Revelation context |
-Emergence of emperor worship: do minus et deus; lord and god - patmos: island where john was exiled |
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Revelation key theological issue |
theodicy; is God just? |
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Revelation key ethical issue |
Christian citizenship |
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Revelation key vice and virtue |
-vice: cowardice (only revelation highlights cowardice as a sin. Cowardice comes from compromise and the desire to survive. -Virtue: Courage (civil disobedience will lead to martyrdom) |
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The letters to the seven churches in Asia Minor as found in Revelation |
-2 examples: Perganum and Thyatira -Perganum includes characters of Antipus (Christian killed for his faith), Balaam (Represents someone bad; taught fornication), and Nicolaitans (bad group of people) -Thyatira (patient endurance=courage): includes reference to the church putting up with Jezebel (encourages fornication and eating food sacrificed to idols). Also includes the 2 beasts |
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The Two Beasts found in REvelation |
1. the Beast from the sea 2. The beast from the earth: This beast encourages the worship of the 1st beast and calls for mark on the Right hand or forehead to be required to buy and sell. The mark is 666 and refusal= economic discrimination. the 144,000 do not accept the mark. |
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Other Revelation Content |
-The fall of "Babylon"; a nation opposed to God (The Christians need to get out of there; literal or psychological) -Jesus as the warrior and the battle of Armageddon -New heaven and new earth and new Jerusalem -Cosmic eschatology (end time) Eschatological elimination of evil -The danger of quietism? (Doing nothing because God will do something) |
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Acts Context |
Written by Luke, Narrative ethics again, -"universal" gospel- primary purpose of in the book of acts |
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4 target groups in Acts |
1) Jews (original group) 2) Samaritans 3) God-fearers (Gentile who's interested in Judaism but hasn't converted) 4) Gentiles |
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"Jerusalem Experiment" |
-Acts -Voluntarily sharing of property and resources -Barnabus sells his property -Ananias and Sapphira; sell property and pretend to give all of the money and lie. Result: both drop dead |
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Early resistance to Christians in Acts |
-Civil disobedience: the Christians are told to be quiet but don't obey -Gamaliel: pharissee who tells Jewish leaders to leave them alone: if purely human, they'll die out; if divine, there is nothing we can do to stop this movement. -Stephen: first Christian Martyr |
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Martyr |
Witness |
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Simony |
Greed; attempt to buy church power and church position. -Comes from Simon the sorcerer in Acts who asks to be given the power of God and wants to buy it. |
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Other content in Acts |
-Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch: key point- man is a eunuch so he can't become a Jew first. He CAN become a Christian. -Cornelius and Simon Peter: both have visions and are brought together; Peter's sheet with unclean animals; key point- against racial and ethnic discrimination; overcoming barriers -Jerusalem Council: Judaizers and the circumcision party; Jews who had become Christians; James straightens it out -James gives 4 rules: No idols, no fornication, no strangled food, no blood; precepts of Noah when God gave basic moral standards. -Lydia at Phillippi: hospitality -Priscilla and Aquilla and Apollos: husband and wife team teaching (issue of a woman teaching a man) |
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General Letters |
Hebrews, James, 1&2 Peter, Jude, 1, 2, 3 John |
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Literature of Persecution (3 books) |
Revelation, Hebrews, 1 Peter
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Hebrews Key issues |
-Key theological issue: superiority of Jesus; epistle of better things -New Covenant: quotes Jeremiah, Relates to issue of OT law, danger: anti-semitism, Christians allowing persecution of Jews. -Key Ethical issue: endurance -Moral definition of maturity: soft food is for infants, solid food is mature, we can cultivate our discernment |
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Heroes and Heroines of faith in Hebrews |
- Moses: chooses a hard life instead of cushy -Jesus: the pioneer running a race |
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Love in Hebrews |
-Brotherly/mutual love: Philadelphia -Hospitality: entertain strangers -Prisoners: remember them as though you were w/them, would be guilt by association -Marriage: be held in honor and undefiled -Money: be content with what you have |
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Hebrews expounding on leaders |
-Human leaders- remember and imitate them -Jesus: he went through abuse and ridicule, compared to an animal taken outside of the camp to be killed. |
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James context |
-General letter -James the half-brother of Jesus -Familiar with OT, especially wisdom literature -Familiar with Jesus' teachings, especially the sermon on the mount. |
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James' definition of religion |
- To care for orphans and widows and keep yourself unstained by the world. -What counts as worldly? |
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James issues |
-Favoritism/partiality: if someone is rich you may not want to treat them better than the poorer members. -"Royal Law": 2:8- cure for favoritism: you shall love your neighbor as yourself -Law of liberty -Faith and works: diatribe style; uses Abraham and Rahab as examples of people who put their faith into practice. -Sin of omission: if you know the right thing but you don't do it, it is a sin (comission is doing a bad deed) -Prayer for the sick: an implicit rejection of medical care? |
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1 Peter context |
-General letter -Literature of persecution -Christians are "exiles of the Dispersion"- resident aliens |
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3 arenas that Christians should be submissive in; 1 Peter |
1) state: accept authority of government; fear God, then honor emperor 2) Home= "household table": servants to accept master's authority; example Jesus, wives accept authority of husbands: example Sarah, 3) Society: know your defense= apologetics (intellectual defense of the Gospel); suffering for being a Christian; Ethics for elders; Resist the Devil (compares Devil to roaring lion, spiritual warfare) |
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2 Peter and Jude context |
- General letters -Jude: the brother of Jesus -The relation of Jude to 2 Peter 2? very similar; big debate |
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2 Peter issues |
- True knowledge: participants in the divine nature: we become like God seen in Eastern orthodoxy - Ladder of Christian virtues: virtue list- moving up, Agape love is the highest Christian virtue -False teachers; bring in destructive teachers and; Examples of how God deals with false teachers: Fallen angels, Sinners in Noah's time, Sodom and Gomorrah, Balaam (greedy) -Day of the Lord: the return of Christ -God's timetable is different -God's patience, Eschatological ethics: what do we do while we wait? waiting does not equal loitering. |
