Bi106 Lecture Exam One

Front 1

Define articulation:

Back 1

exists wherever two bones interact aka as a joint

Front 2

Joint Classification:

What do you classify joints by?

Back 2

The range of movement and function; 3 types.

Front 3

Joint Classification:

Type 1 - Synarthroses

Back 3

immovable joints where bony edges are close together and may interlock, eg. suture in skull, gomphosis b/w teeth and jaw, synchondrosis b/w bone and cart and synostosis where 2 bones fuse

Front 4

Joint Classification:

Type 2 - Amphiarthroses

Back 4

slightly moveable; eg. syndesmosis where collagen fibers connect bones of the leg, or symphysis where bones are sep by a cartilage pad

Front 5

Joint Classification:

Type 3 - Diathroses

Back 5

aka synovial joint;Freely movable; posses a joint capsule, articular cart, fluid filled synovial cavity, synovial membrane, acessory capsular ligaments, sensory nerves and blood vessels; can also include menisci, fat pads, tendons, ligs, discs.

Front 6

If a joint has a lot of mobility, is it strong?

Back 6

The greater the strength the lesser the mobility.

Front 7

Articular Form and Fx:
Dynamic motion classification

Back 7

linear, angular (angle b/w shaft and articular surface changes), and rotation (spinning)

Front 8

Articular Form and Fx:
Axis of motion -

Back 8

either monaxial, biaxial or triaxial, depending on # of axes along which they permit movement

Front 9

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - gliding

Back 9

when opposing surfaces at an articulation slide past each other

Front 10

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - Angular motion

Back 10

abduction (away), adduction, flexion, extension, hyperextension,circumduction that includes all the above excpet hyperextension

Front 11

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - Rotation of the head

Back 11

of the head is shaking it left or right

Front 12

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - Internal (medial) or external (lateral) rotation

Back 12

when the anterior of the limb either turns toward or away from the ventral surface of the body

Front 13

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - Pronation and Supination

Back 13

Pro - palms facing back, sup - motion to bring palms facing forward

Front 14

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - Eversion and Inversion

Back 14

Special mvmt of the foot, eversion brings the sole of the foot out and inversion brings the sole in

Front 15

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - plantar flexion

Back 15

Special mvmt of ankle; motion of standing on tip toes

Front 16

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - Lateral Flexion

Back 16

when vertebral column bends to the side

Front 17

Articular Form and Fx:
Types of Movement - Protraction

Back 17

moving a body part anteriorly, like the jutting out of the lower jaw

Front 18

Articular Form and Fx:
Structural Classification of Synovial Joints - Plane joints

Back 18

permit limited movement, usually in a single plane

Front 19

Articular Form and Fx:
Structural Classification of Synovial Joints - Hinge joints and pivot joints

Back 19

monaxial joints that permit angular movement in a single plane

Front 20

Articular Form and Fx:
Structural Classification of Synovial Joints - ball and socket

Back 20

triaxial, permits all combos of movement including rotation

Front 21

Representative Articulations:

The Temporomandibular joint

Back 21

involves mandibular fossa of temporal bone and the condylar process of the manidlve; rel loose hinge joint permits little gliding and rotation

Front 22

Representative Articulations:

Intervertebral Articulations

Back 22

sup and inferior articular processes of vertebrae form plance joints, the bodies for syphyseal joints, sep by intervertebral discs filled with nucleus pulposus (soft gelatin core), andannulus fibers

Front 23

Representative Articulations:

Intervertebral Articulations allow what movements?

Back 23

flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotaion

Front 24

Representative Articulations:

The Sternoclavicular Joint

Back 24

plane joint, capsule is reinforced by inter/sternoclavicular ligaments

Front 25

Representative Articulations:

The Shoulder Joint

Back 25

aka glenohumeral joint, loose shallow joint that permits greatest range of motion, ball and socket diathrosis, stregth and stability sacrificed for mobilty, bursae reduce friction

Front 26

Representative Articulations:

Elbow Joint

Back 26

hinge joint; permits flexion and extension; really 2 joints; stabilized by radial, ulnar and annular ligaments; a synovial joint

Front 27

Representative Articulations:

Joints of the wrist

Back 27

formed by distal radioulnar joint, radiocarpal and intercapal joints (planar), permits pronation, supination, condylar pronation and supination, flexion, extension, adduct, abduct and circum., stabilized by CT capsule and ligaments

Front 28

Representative Articulations:

The Hip joint

Back 28

ball and socket diathrosis formed by the acetabulum of the os coxae and the head of the humerus, permits flex/exte, abb/add, circum and rotation

Front 29

Representative Articulations:

What stabilizes the hip joint?

Back 29

4 broad ligaments: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral and transverse acetabular ligaments, plus the ligament of the femoral head

Front 30

Representative Articulations:

The Knee Joint

Back 30

complex hinge joint; rep 3 sep joints (the med/lat condyles of the femur and tibia, and the patella and patellar surface of the femur; permits flex/exten and lim rotation.

Front 31

Representative Articulations:

The Knee Joint's articular capsule

Back 31

not a single unified capsule w/ a common synovial cavity, has fibrocartilage pads, med/lat menisci and fat pads.

Front 32

Representative Articulations:

What stablizes the knee joint?

Back 32

paterllar tibial collateral, fibular collateral, 2 popliteal, and anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL/PCL)

Front 33

Representative Articulations:

Ankle Joints

Back 33

aka talocrural joint; hinge joint, ligaments prevent medial and lateral sliding of the tibia across the trochlear surface, permits dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, stabilized by deltoid and lateral ligaments

Front 34

Representative Articulations:

Foot Joints

Back 34

4 synovial joints in the foot: intertarsal, tarsometatarsol (plane diathrosis), metatarsophalengeal (condylar diarthrosis for flexion/ext, add/abd, and interpharengeal (hinge diarthrosis, permits flex/ext

Front 35

what does synovial fluid do?

Back 35

absorbs shock, lubricates joint and provides nutrients

Front 36

Why are luxatations painful?

Back 36

Due to the stimulation of the pain receptors in the capsule, ligaments and tendons around the joint.

Front 37

List the movement capabilities of joints:

Back 37

great stability decreases mobility; may be modified by acessory ligaments and collagen fibers of the joint capsule; may be directed or restriced to certain directions by the shape of the articulating surface.