Bi100 Test 2: Mitosis, Meiosis, And Dna

Front 1

Cell Division is ________.

Back 1

Mitosis

Front 2

The DNA all compact is called _______.

Back 2

Chromosome

Front 3

# of chromosomes in the human body

Back 3

46

Front 4

This phase of mitosis starts the replicating process. All of the chromosomes have replicated themselves.

Back 4

Interphase

Front 5

In this phase the DNA has replicated and formed chromatids.

Back 5

Prophase

Front 6

In this phase of mitosis the nuclear membrane breaks apart. The mircotubeals attach to the centromeres. The chromosomes are smaller.

Back 6

Prometaphase

Front 7

In this phase of mitosis the chromosomes line up in the middle.

Back 7

Metaphase

Front 8

In this phase of mitosis the chromatids are pulled apart.

Back 8

Anaphase

Front 9

In this phase of mitosis a new nuclear envelope is formed.

Back 9

Telophase

Front 10

During telophase, this is what is happening to the rest of the cell.

Back 10

Cytokinesis

Front 11

Do cells continue to grow during mitosis?

Back 11

No

Front 12

Why is mitosis important?

Back 12

For the growth and repair after injury.

Front 13

What is the only type of cell that doesn't go through mitosis?

Back 13

Red Blood Cells

Front 14

This phase marks the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis

Back 14

Metaphase 1

Front 15

This phase of Meiosis happens in the ovaries and testes.

Back 15

Interphase

Front 16

Interphase in meiosis happens at what time in a woman's growth?

Back 16

Before birth.

Front 17

Interphase happens at what time in a man's growth?

Back 17

Puberty

Front 18

In this phase of meiosis the chromosomes pair up according to their function.

Back 18

Metaphase 1

Front 19

The name of the "waist" where the chromatids are attached is called _________.

Back 19

Centromere

Front 20

This is the basis of reproduction for every organism

Back 20

Cell Division or Mitosis

Front 21

This is the ordered sequence of events that extends from the instant the cell is formed until it is divided.

Back 21

Cell Cycle

Front 22

An ordered display of magnified images of an individuals chromosomes arranged in pairs showing the chromosomes condensed and doubled as they appear in metaphase.

Back 22

Karyotype

Front 23

The Sex Chromosomes

Back 23

X and Y

Front 24

A matching pair of chromosomes are called?

Back 24

Homologous

Front 25

The only thing DNA can do is:

Back 25

Code to make proteins

Front 26

When both genes are the same they are:

Back 26

Homozygous

Front 27

When the two genes are different they are:

Back 27

Heterozygous

Front 28

If you are dominant for a trait, what does that mean about your parents?

Back 28

At least one parent carried the dominant gene

Front 29

If you are recessive for a trait, what does that mean about your parents?

Back 29

Both parents had to carry the recessive gene

Front 30

All of the genetic information in a given population is called?

Back 30

Gene Pool

Front 31

The greater the variety of the gene pool, the ______________.

Back 31

better the survivability of the population

Front 32

Who is considered the father of genetics?

Back 32

Mendel

Front 33

Selecting plants that are all identical to their parents are called?

Back 33

pure breeding or true breeding

Front 34

Each variant for a character is called:

Back 34

trait

Front 35

What an organism looks like is called

Back 35

phenotype

Front 36

The genetic makeup of an organism is called it's _____________.

Back 36

genotype

Front 37

The generic expression for the sperm or egg is called ____________.

Back 37

gamete

Front 38

The individual traits on the chromosomes are called ________________.

Back 38

alleles

Front 39

Chromosomes that carry the same genetic traits are considered to be _____________.

Back 39

homologous chromosomes

Front 40

In meiosis these chromosomes are the ones that pair up together

Back 40

homologous

Front 41

The expected ratio for the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is

Back 41

3:1

Front 42

The expected ratio for the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross is

Back 42

9:3:3:1

Front 43

Comparing a single trait

Back 43

monohybrid cross

Front 44

Comparing two different traits

Back 44

dihybrid cross

Front 45

In order for a mutation to express itself, it had to happen where?

Back 45

In the egg or sperm

Front 46

This is a cancer of the blood where the white blood cells multiply too much

Back 46

Leukemia

Front 47

What is it called when you are not getting enough oxygen in your blood?

Back 47

Anemia

Front 48

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called

Back 48

heredity

Front 49

The study of heredity is called __________.

Back 49

genetics

Front 50

A heritable feature that varies among individuals according to Mendel

Back 50

Character

Front 51

Each variant of a character is called

Back 51

Trait

Front 52

Self fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent

Back 52

true breeding

Front 53

The offspring of 2 different varieties of a species

Back 53

hybrids

Front 54

2 identical alleles for a gene are called ___________

Back 54

homozygous

Front 55

2 different alleles for a gene are called ___________

Back 55

heterozygous

Front 56

If the gene is heterozygous this allele determines the appearance

Back 56

dominant

Front 57

A specific location of a gene along the chromosome

Back 57

locus or loci

Front 58

The dominant allele has the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or two copies. This is called ________.

Back 58

complete dominance

Front 59

The F1 hybrid falls between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties is called _________________.

Back 59

Incomplete Dominance

Front 60

This blood type is the universal recipient

Back 60

AB

Front 61

This blood type is the universal donor

Back 61

O

Front 62

A gene that is located on either of the sex chromosomes

Back 62

sex-linked gene

Front 63

What percent of the genes in a banana are identical to us?

Back 63

50%

Front 64

Red/Green colorblindness, Hemophelia, and Male pattern Baldness are all this kind of trait?

Back 64

Sex-linked

Front 65

Everything you take in to make you what you are is from _________.

Back 65

Eating

Front 66

The food we eat breaks down into _________ and our bodies arrange it into what we need.

Back 66

Nucleotides

Front 67

Cytosene, Thymine, Adenine, and Guanine are all ________.

Back 67

Nucleotides

Front 68

Nucleotides pair up in DNA and are held together with _________.

Back 68

Hydrogen Bonds

Front 69

_________ are used to bond the new strands of DNA together

Back 69

Enzymes

Front 70

The process of DNA replication starts _________ of the strand and goes toward _______.

Back 70

the middle, the ends

Front 71

In RNA ______ is replaced with Uracil

Back 71

Thymine

Front 72

Mutations that occur after birth _________ passed on to your children.

Back 72

Will not

Front 73

How many nucleotides are needed to code for an amino acid?

Back 73

3

Front 74

The nucleic acids consisting of long chains of nucleotides are called?

Back 74

DNA and RNA

Front 75

Nucleotides consist of these three things:

Back 75

5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group

Front 76

In DNA Cytosine pairs with __________

Back 76

Guanine

Front 77

In DNA Thymine pairs with ___________

Back 77

Adenine

Front 78

In RNA Adenine pairs with _______

Back 78

Uracil

Front 79

These are the stages of protein synthesis (in order):

Back 79

1. Transcription, 2. Amino Acid Attachment 3. Polypeptide Synthesis 4. Elongation 5. Termination

Front 80

In this process the mRNA is synthesized on the DNA template

Back 80

Transcription

Front 81

The synthesis of proteins under the direction of the RNA is called _________.

Back 81

Translation

Front 82

Albinism, Cystic Fibrosis, Tay Sachs, and Sickle Cell are all _________ disorders.

Back 82

Recessive

Front 83

Most people who have recessive disorders are born to normal parents who are both _________.

Back 83

Heterozygous

Front 84

The most common lethal genetic disease in the US is ________.

Back 84

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 85

This genetic disorder results in the secretion of thick mucous from the lungs and other organs which can interfere with many body functions.

Back 85

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 86

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of a cell's DNA is called a _________.

Back 86

Mutation

Front 87

Achondroplasia (dwarfism) and Huntington's Disease are __________ disorders.

Back 87

Dominant

Front 88

An organism that is produced through asexual reproduction from a single parent is called a _____.

Back 88

Clone

Front 89

Why are red blood cells different from other cells in our body?

Back 89

They don't have a nucleus

Front 90

How do Red blood cells reproduce?

Back 90

Stem cells

Front 91

Cytokinesis is different in plants because?

Back 91

Plants have a cell wall

Front 92

In this process a zygote is formed by fertalising an egg with 23 chromosomes from each parent

Back 92

Meiosis

Front 93

Most animals and plants are said to be _______ organisms because all somatic cells contain pairs of homologous chromosomes - 46 for humans

Back 93

Diploid

Front 94

A cell with a single chromosome set is called a _________ cell because it has only one member of each homologous pair - 23 for humans.

Back 94

Haploid

Front 95

Different traits can be expressed if they are on different ____________.

Back 95

Chromosomes

Front 96

Mendel's term "heritable factors" is the same as ________.

Back 96

Genes

Front 97

_______ of a gene reside at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Back 97

alleles

Front 98

Two homologous chromosomes may bear either identical alleles at a locus or different alleles. This indicates that they are either _________ or __________.

Back 98

Homozygous or Heterozygous

Front 99

This genetic disorder slowly destroys a baby's brain by causing eventual blindness, seizures, and an inability to swallow.

Back 99

Tay Sachs

Front 100

Tay Sachs must be inherited by how many parent(s)?

Back 100

Both

Front 101

RNA does this with uracil which pairs up with adenine

Back 101

Transcription

Front 102

These are the main processes whereby genes control the structures and activities of cells

Back 102

Transcription and Translation

Front 103

These are the processes by which the genotype produces the phenotype.

Back 103

Transcription and Translation

Front 104

All of the chromosomes that are not X or Y are called _________

Back 104

Autosomes

Front 105

These are the only cells in humans that can be used for cloning

Back 105

Stem Cells

Front 106

These cells have not defined themselves into what they will become yet

Back 106

Embryonic Stem Cells

Front 107

The longest living cells in your body are your

Back 107

brain cells

Front 108

The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes is called

Back 108

Genetic Engineering