Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Self-Concept |
The sum of the thoughts and feelings about oneself; includes self-schemata and appraisal of one's past and future self |
|
|
Self-Schemata |
Classification - self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities |
|
|
Identity |
Individual components of self-concept related to the groups to which we belong |
|
|
Gender identity |
A type of identity that describes a person's appraisal of him/herself on scales of masculinity and feminity |
|
|
Androgyny |
State of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine vs undifferentiated is low on both scale |
|
|
Ethnic Identity |
A type of identity that refers to one's ethnic group, in which members typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language |
|
|
Nationality |
A type of identity based on political border based on shared history, media, cuisine, and symbol (flag) |
|
|
Self-discrepancy theory |
Theory that says everyone has three selfs |
|
|
Actual Self |
The way we see ourselves as we currently are |
|
|
Ideal Self |
Person we would like to be |
|
|
Ought Self |
Our representation of the way others think we should be |
|
|
Self-Esteem |
Self-worth- higher if three self are closer to one another |
|
|
Self-Efficacy |
Belief in our ability to succeed |
|
|
Locus of Control |
The way we characterize the influences in our lives (internal and external) |
|
|
Fixation |
Child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development |
|
|
Neurosis |
A functional mental disorder during adulthood that's a result of anxiety caused by fixation that causes a child to form a personality pattern based on that stage (Freud) |
|
|
Freud- Psychosexual Development to form Identity |
1. Oral Stage (0-1) fixated =excessive dependency 2. Anal Stage (1-3) fixated=excessive orderliness or sloppiness 3. Phallic/ Oedipal (3-5)- resolve oedipal/electra conflict 4. Latency (5-puberty)- libido sublimated 5. Genital Stage (puberty to adult) |
|
|
Oepidal Complex |
Male child envies father's relationship with mother and fears castration by father - eliminate father to have mother - feels guilty so identify with father, est his sexual identity, and internalize moral values |
|
|
Erikson- Psychosocial Development of identity |
1. Trust vs mistrust (0-1) 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3) 3. Initiative vs guilt (3-6) 4. Industry vs inferiority (6-12) 5. Identity vs Role confusion (12-20) 6. Intimacy vs isolation (20-40) 7. Generativity vs stagnation (40-65) 8. Integrity vs. despair (65+) |
|
|
Kohlberg: Moral Reasoning |
1. Preconventional Morality - preadolescence- obedience and self-interest 2. Conventional Morality- adolescence-adult- conformity (approval of others) and law and order (maintain social order) 3. Postconventional morality- adult maybe- social contract (indiv rights) and universal human ethics (abstract principals) |
|
|
Vgotsky: Cultural and Biosocial Development |
Development based on child's internalization of various aspects of culture: rules, symbols, language, etc. Zone of proximal development- skills and abilities not yet developed but in process usually by guidance from knowledgeable other |
|
|
Personality |
Describes set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors which are characteristic of an individual across time and space |
|
|
Psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic theories of personality |
Perspective on behavior that is based on assumption of unconscious internal states that motivate overt actions of individuals and determine personlity |
|
|
Freud: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personlity |
Based on Structual model of id, superego, ego |
|
|
Id |
All basic, primal, inborn urges to survive and reproduce. Functions according to pleasure principle (achieve immediate gratification to relieve any pent-up tension (primary process- satistfy now, not later) |
|
|
Ego |
Moderates id and superego via reality principle (taking into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits activity of id and pleasure principle) - 2ndary process |
|
|
Superego |
Personality's perfectionist, judging our actions and responding with pride at our accomplishments and guilt at our failures. Conscience and ego-ideal= punishment and reward |
|
|
Freud's defensive mechanism (ego relieving clash of id and superego) |
1. Repression 2. Suppression 3. Regression 4. Reaction Formation 5. Projection - Rorschach inkblot- attribute undesired feelings to others- Thematic Apperception Test pictures into stories 6. Rationalization 7. Displacement 8. Sublimation |
|
|
Carl Jung: Psychoanalytic |
Less of libido more of interpersonal, sociological, and cultural influences- personal and collective unconcious- archetypes |
|
|
Persona |
Part of our personality we present to the world (Jung) |
|
|
Anima/Animus |
Sex inappropriate behaviors- woman's inner man, man's inner woman |
|
|
Shadow |
Appearance of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciouness |
|
|
Self (Jung) |
Point of interaction between the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, and the conscious mind- mandala circle |
|
|
Jung's Three Dichotomies of Personality |
1. Extraversion vs. introversion 2. Sensing vs. Intuiting 3. Thinking vs. Feeling (4. Judging and perceiving) Usually each set is present, but one tend to dominate |
|
|
Afred Adler |
Inferiority complex, creative self and style of life, fictional finalism (people motivated by striving for superiority) |
|
|
Karen Horney |
Disagreed with Freud regarding penis envy but say that individuals with neurotic personalitys are governed by Neurotic needs directed towards making life and interactions bearable basic anxiety/ hostility - parent-child relationship |
|
|
Object Relation Theory |
Objects= representation of parents or other caregivers based on subjective experiences during early infancy and persists into adulthood |
|
|
Humanistic/ Phenomenological theory |
Focus on value of individuals and take a more person- centered approach describing those ways in which healthy people strive towards self- realization- conscious feelings of ourselves to meet needs and goals |
|
|
Gestalt Therapy |
Type of therapy that takes holistic view of the self, seeing each individual as a complete person rather than reducing him to individual behaviors or drives |
|
|
Kurt Lewin's |
Force field theory- One's current state of mind= sum of forces (influences) on the individual at the time |
|
|
Abraham Maslow |
Peak experiences by self-actualized people- profound and deep moving experiences in a person's life |
|
|
George Kelly |
Personal Construct Psychology- person devises and tests predictions about the behavior of significant people in his life- in therapy help provide insight to allow person to predict troublesome event |
|
|
Carl Rogers |
Client/person centered nondirective therapy- therapist help person reflect on problems, make choices, generate solutions, take + actions, and determine own destiny- unconditional positive regard |
|
|
Type and trait theory |
Type= taxonomy of personlity type Trait= individual personality as sum of a person's characteristic behavior |
|
|
William Sheldon Somatotype |
Type A/ B |
|
|
Neuroticism |
Measure of emotional arousal in stressful situations |
|
|
Psychoticism |
Measure of nonconformity or social deviant |
|
|
Big Five- OCEAN |
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism |
|
|
Gordon Allport |
Lists three basic types of traits/ disposition: cardinal (trait around which a person organize life), central (major char of personality easy to infer), and secondary (limited in occurence)- functional autonomy- behavior continues despite satisfaction of drive that created behavior |
|
|
Behavorists |
B.F Skinner- operant conditioning- personality reflection of behaviors that have been reinforced over time |
|
|
Token Economy |
Behavior rewarded with tokens that used to exchanged for priviledges, treats, or other reinforcers |
|
|
Social Cognitive |
Focus on how our environment and how we interact with environment that influences our behavior |
|
|
Albert Bandura's Reciprocal Determinism |
Idea that our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and environment all interact with each other to determine our actions in a given situation |
|
|
Instrumental Relativist Stage |
Reciprocity and sharing (I'll scratch your back, you scratch mine) |
