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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Degrees of freedom of motion |
Transitional: along x, y, and z Rotational Vibrational |
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Definition: Coulomb force |
The force of attraction between opposite electric charges |
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Definition: Dispersion |
Forces of + - attractions that result from the random distribution of electrons in the electron clouds |
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Dispersion force increases with increased ______ and ______ |
Molar mass and surface area |
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Definition: Polarizability |
How easily the electron field can become distorted |
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Definition: Dipole-dipole force |
The intermolecular force that results from the attraction of polar molecules |
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Definition: Hydrophilic and hydrophobic |
Hydrophilic soluble in water, hydrophobic insoluble in water |
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Definition: Ion-dipole force |
The intermolecular force that occurs when ionic compounds are mixed with a polar substance. The ions dissociate and are surrounded by the polar molecules |
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Weakest to strongest intermolecular forces |
Dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole |
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Definition: Vaporization |
The transition from liquid to gas |
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Definition: Condensation |
The transition from gas to liquid |
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The rate of vaporization increases in any of these three conditions |
Increased temperature, increased area, and decreased intermolecular forces
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Definition: Volatile |
Easily vaporized |
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Definition: Heat of Vaporization |
Symbol: ΔHvap The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid |
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Definition: Dynamic equilibrium |
When two complementary rates become equal. Ex: evaporation and condensation |
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Definition: Vapor pressure |
The pressure of a gas in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid |
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The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation (1 point) |
ln(Pvap) = (-ΔHvap/R)(1/T) + ln(β) R = ideal gas constant = 8.314 J/molK ln(β) = a constant dependant on the gas so -ΔHvap/R is the slope of the line |
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The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation (2 points) |
ln(P2/P1) = (-ΔHvap/R)(1/T2-1/T1) |
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Le Chateler's Principle |
When a system at equilibrium is stressed it reacts to relieve that stress |
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Definition: Supercritical fluid |
One phase that is neither liquid or solid, having some properties of both or neither |
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Definition: Phase diagram |
A map of the state of a substance as a function of pressure (y-axis) and temperature (x-axis) |
