Bcd Anatomy Test 5

Front 1

muscles that elevate the mandible

Back 1

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid (pterygomasseteric sling)

Front 2

muscles that depress the mandible

Back 2

inferior lateral pterygoid
ant. digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

Front 3

muscles that rotrude or protrude the mandible

Back 3

inf. head of lateral pterygoid
superficial head of masseter
medial pterygoid
posterior fibers of temporalis

Front 4

muscle that does side-to-side movement upon opening

Back 4

inf. head of lateral pterygoid (mvt toward contralateral side)

Front 5

muscles of side-to-side mvt upon closing

Back 5

medial pterygoid (mvt toward contralateral side)
masseter (mvt toward ipsilateral side)

Front 6

3 components of biting

Back 6

1. opening (symmetrical)
2. protrusion
3. elevation

Front 7

upon opening in chewing the condyle on balancing side translates ___________ and _________ on the articular eminence

the working condyle translates (more/less) and pivots about a ______ axis

Back 7

downward and forward

working condyle translates less
vertical axis

Front 8

after opening, mandibular molars on working side are ________ to their maxillary counterparts

the lower jaw is ________ to bring the molars together, followed by a ____ mvt of the working side teeth (________ mvt of the balancing teeth)

Back 8

lateral

elevated
medial mvt
lateral mvt

Front 9

events/muscles of phase 1 of swallowing

Back 9

bolus is pushed to back of oropharynx by tongue

styloglossus, palatoglossus, intrinsic mm. of tongue (CN XII)

Front 10

events/muscles of phase 2 of swallowing

Back 10

soft palate is elevated to seal off nasopharynx

levator veli palatini (CN XI via X) and tensor veli palatini (V3)

Front 11

events/muscles of phase 3 of swallowing

Back 11

walls of pharynx/larynx are elevated to meet the food bolus; larynx is moved anteriorly to allow more room for esophagus
- bending the epiglottis back down over the opening of the larynx, helping to seal it off; aryepiglottic folds are approximated
- pharynx is brought closer to tongue and soft palate by contraction of superior constrictor

muscles: stylopharyngeus (IX), palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus (CN XI via X), thyrohyoid(C1), sup. constrictor, aryepiglottic m(X), anterior digastric and mylohyoid, geniohyoid (C1)

Front 12

events/muscles of phase 4 of swallowing

Back 12

peristalsis (sequential contraction) of constrictor muscles to transport bolus to esophagus

muscles: middle and inferior constrictor (pharyngeal plexus)

Front 13

area external to teeth (between cheeks and teeth)

Back 13

vestibule

Front 14

area bounded externally by teeth and gingiva

Back 14

oral cavity proper

Front 15

oral cavity boundaries

Back 15

external: cheeks and lips
roof: hard and soft palate
posterior: communicates with oropharynx and bounded by anterior arches

Front 16

associated with the lips

Back 16

vermilion border
philtrum
nasolabial groove
labial tubercle
labiomental groove
labial commissures

Front 17

associated with the vestibule

Back 17

fornices (mucobuccal and mucolabial folds)
labial frenulum
labial salivary glands
maxillary tuberosity
mucogingival junction

Front 18

associated with the cheeks

Back 18

parotid pailla
buccal salivary glands

Front 19

4 major components of the palate

Back 19

dental arches (teeth, gingival, alveolar mucosa, mucogingival junct)
palate (median palatine raphe, rugae, palatal glands)
tongue (dorsum/ ventral)
floor of mouth (sublingual gland, sublingual caruncle, plica sublingualis)

Front 20

associated with the oropharynx

Back 20

palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
palatine tonsils
isthmus of fauces
ptergomandibular raphe

Front 21

most head/neck lymphatics drain into _____ nodes located along ________ deep to ______

Back 21

deep cervical nodes
along internal jugular vein deep to SCM

Front 22

posterior tongue nodes drain to ________

sides of tongue nodes:

tip of tongue nodes

Back 22

upper deep cervical nodes

submandibular nodes --DC nodes

submental nodes -> submandibular --> DC

Front 23

used to achieve anesthesia of maxillary molars

Back 23

PSA block

Front 24

in a PSA block, the needle can penetrate the _____, resulting in a hematoma

can temporarily paralyze ______

Back 24

pterygoid plexus of veins

paralyze some of the eye muscles if patient is laying down

Front 25

anesthesia of the first and second maxillary premolars

Back 25

MSA block

Front 26

possible side effects of MSA block

Back 26

numbness of adjacent lip and other areas of the midface; complicating hematomas are rare

Front 27

anesthesia of the maxillary canine and incisors

Back 27

ASA nerve block

Front 28

infraorbital n. blocks provides ____ anesthesia. if more lingual anesthesia is required, may need to do a ____ n. block

Back 28

ASA and MSA

buccal and pulpal anesthesia

nasopalatine n. block

Front 29

possible side effects of infraorbital nerve block

common accessory nerve we'll want to include

Back 29

numbness of eyelid, side of nose, upper lip, adjacent premolars.

hematoma across lower eyelid

Front 30

in an infraorbital n. block, if the needle enters the infraorbital canal or is too far superior this can happen

Back 30

paralysis of inferior rectus m. and/or inferior oblique m.

Front 31

unilateral anesthesia of posterior and middle portions of the hard palate, as well as the soft palate

typically doesn't provide ____ anesthesia and is not given unless:

target area

Back 31

greater palatine block

pulpal anesthesia

endodontic or extraction are being performed

as it exits greater palatine foramen

Front 32

greater palatine block might not completely anesthetize _________, therefore _______ block might be needed

Back 32

soft tissues near the 1st premolar

nasopalatine block

Front 33

nasopaltine block provides anesthesia of palate anterior to ________ of __________ bilaterally

only used if

Back 33

mesial of 1st premolars

extraction or endodontic procedure is going to be performed

Front 34

possible complications of nasopalatine block

Back 34

if needle is inserted >5mm. into incisive canal, foor of nasal cavity may be entered and infection may result

Front 35

gives pulpal anesthesia for mandibular teeth and anesthesia of lingual periodontium

a good index of depth of pulpal anesthesia __________

common accessory nerve we'll want to include

Back 35

inferior alveolar block

lower lip numb

lingual nerve typically (also mandibular lingual gingiva)

Front 36

possible complications of inferior alveolar nerve block

Back 36

- transient facial paralysis due to too far posteriorly into the parotid gland

- hematoma if injected into pterygoid plexus or one of branches of maxillary artery

- facial artery involvement can result in blanching of the skin throughout the distribution of the artery

Front 37

long buccal block provides anesthesia for (3)

possible complications?

typically successful?

Back 37

1. buccal periodontium, gingiva, and restorative procedures

on occasion can produce hematoma

yes because it's in soft tissue and not bone

Front 38

anesthesia of mandibular premolars, canine and incisors

target area

Back 38

mental block/incisive block

mental foramen, where mental/incisvie branch off of inferior alveolar nerve

Front 39

mental block anesthetizes:

incisive block anesthetizes:

Back 39

facial surfaces of anterior teeth

pulp of anterior mandibular teeth

Front 40

2 general complicating factors

Back 40

bilateral innervation across the midline either for the ASA or incisive n.

accessory innervation
- lingual
- n. to mylohyoid
- great auricular
- transverse cervical

Front 41

continuations of the outer investing layer of deep cervical fascia into the head

Back 41

temporalis fascia
parotidomasseteric
pterygoid fascia (deepest)

Front 42

continuation of the visceral fascia into the head

Back 42

buccopharyngeal surrounding buccinator

Front 43

3 sources of dental infections

3 ways in which they can spread

Back 43

1. from caries or periodontal disease
2. contamination during tooth extraction
3. secondary infection for non-odontogenic source

1. circulatory system
2. lymphatics
3. fascial spaces

Front 44

canine space is between _____ and ______ muscles

swelling often obliterates this_____ and if it spreads into angular vein can allow passage into _______ sinus

infection source is usually _________ teeth

communicates with this space posteriorly

Back 44

levator labii superioris and levator anguli oris

nasolabial fold, spread into angular vein --> cavernous sinus

maxillary canines

buccal space

Front 45

buccal space is between these 2 muscles

occupied by:

usual infection source:

communicates with this space

Back 45

buccinator and masseter

buccal fat pad

max or mandibular molars or premolars

infratemporal space

Front 46

the infratemporal space encompasses space between the _____ and ______ laterally and _____ and _____ medially

usual source is ______ teeth

communicates with these spaces

Back 46

temporalis and masseter laterally and lateral pterygoid plate/pharynx medially

3rd molar infection

submandibular and parapharyngeal spaces

Front 47

the submandibular space is located ____ to mandibular body and ______ to mylohyoid muscle

communicates with these spaces:

usual infection source

Back 47

medial to mandibular body and inferior to mylohyoid

infratemporal, sublingual, parapharyngeal spaces

mandibular molars (seconds) or premolars

Front 48

the sublingual space is located _____ to mandibular body and ________ to mylohyoid muscle

communicates with _______ space

usual infection source:

Back 48

medial, superior to mylohyoid muscle

submandibular space

mandibular premolars and first molars

Front 49

parapharyngeal space is between these 2 muscles

posterior, adjacent to _________ anterior boundary is ______________

can produce displacement of ___________

communicates with these spaces:

Back 49

superior constrictor and medial pterygoid

carotid sheath
pterygomandibular raphe

displacement of uvula

infratemporal, submandibular, retropharyngeal spaces

Front 50

retropharyngeal space is located ______ to pharynx between the _________ and ________ fascia

extends from base of skull to ________

communicates with:

fascia that divides this space and its job

Back 50

posterior between buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia

thorax

parapharyngeal space and mediastinum

alar fascia splits the space and prevents spread to thorax

Front 51

alar fascia fuses with ___________ fascia at T2

alar fascia spans from _____ to ____

Back 51

buccopharyngeal

carotid sheath to carotid sheath

Front 52

ludwigs angina: agressive spread of infection to _____ space and bilaterally to these 2 spaces

risk of _______

Back 52

submental space --> submandibular/ sublingual

patency of airway

Front 53

in forensic dentistry- weighted combination of several measures that is even more powerful than one

Back 53

discriminant function

Front 54

african vs : alveolar ________ in lower face, ________ nasal sill, _______ orbits, ______ nasal aperture, _____ skull

Back 54

prognathism, guttered nasal sill, square orbits, wider nasal aperture, long skull

orthognathic, sharp nasal sill, rounded orbits, nasal root lies under glabella, long skull

Front 55

asian: cheek bones _________, make face appear _____, alveolar __________, orbit shape ________, ______ skull, _______ incisors

Back 55

prominent, making face appear flat, alveolar prognathism, triangular orbits, round skull, shovel shaped incisors

Front 56

best bones to determine age for

prenatal/early childhood

childhood/adolescence

over 25, under 45

Back 56

teeth

epiphyses and time of closure

pubic symphysis morphology

Front 57

rigor mortis: (time span/what it is)

algor mortis:

livor mortis:

Back 57

3+ hrs after death and persists 36-48 hrs in temperative climate, less in tropical climate

process of body cooling after death, know rates

discoloration of the skin due to pooling blood; can appear 2-3 hrs after, fixed by 12 hours

Front 58

X-ray

denser tissues appear ______ because they absorb _____ radiation


Pros:

Cons:

best for:

Back 58

brighter, more absorption

cost, ease of use

radiation exposure, lack of detail of soft tissues

best for bones, tumors, TB in lungs

Front 59

CT scans characterized by:

pros

cons

Back 59

X-ray mixed with computer to make 3D image

pros: speed, bone, soft tissue, blood vessels, fewer restrictions than MRI

cons: radiation, not for pregnant and children

Front 60

MRI definition (combines these 2 things)

pros

cons

Back 60

strong magnetic field and radiofrequency (look at behavior of hydrogen particles in fat and water)

versatile, no radiation, soft tissues, blood flow

more expensive than CT, image affected by movement

Front 61

apex of MSA nerve

Back 61

second maxillary premolar

Front 62

branch point of ASA nerve

Back 62

apex of the inccor or canine from the infraorbital n.

Front 63

the maxillary artery provides blood supply to:

Back 63

all teeth
muscles of mastication
skin of face
nasal cavity
pharynx
dura
palate

Front 64

universal blood donor

Back 64

subclavian artery

Front 65

overlap of arterial territories

subclavian + internal carotid
subclavian + external carotid
internal + external carotid

Back 65

brain (vertebral artery + internal carotid)

thyroid gland and larynx (inferior and superior thyroid a.)

nasal cavity (anterior/posterior ethmoid a. from ophthalmic and superior labial a. from facial a.)

Front 66

2 possible TMJ problems

Back 66

anterior-displacement aka internal derangement

adhesions

Front 67

inferior joint space of TMJ

superior joint space of TMJ

Back 67

rotation

translation