Bcd Anatomy Test 3: Intracranial/brain/orbit Region

Front 1

boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa

anterolateral:
medial:
posterior:
floor:

Back 1

anterolateral: frontal bone
medial: cribriform plate of ethmoid
posterior: lesser wing of the sphenoid, parietal (lateral edge)
floor: orbital plate of frontal bone

Front 2

important structures of anterior cranial fossa

Back 2

cribriform plate and crista galli
frontal crest
lesser wings of sphenoid

Front 3

boundaries of middle cranial fossa
anterior:
lateral:
medial:
posterior:
floor:

Back 3

anterior: posterior margins of lesser wing of sphenoid, greater wing of sphenoid
lateral: squamous portion of temporal bone
medial: sell turcica, anterior and posterior clinoid processes (body of sphenoid)
posterior: superior margin of petrous portion of temporal bone
floor: superior aspect of petrous portion of temporal bone and greater wing of sphenoid

Front 4

CNII sits in _________ and exits through:

Back 4

chiasmatic sulcus and optic canals

Front 5

CNs that go through superior orbital fissure

Back 5

CNIII, IV, V1 and VI

Front 6

what CN V2 exits out of

CN V3?

Back 6

foramen rotundum

foramen ovale

Front 7

boundaries of posterior cranial fossa
anterior:
lateral, medial, posterior, floor (3 bones)

Back 7

anterior: posterior surface of the petrous portion of temporal bone and clivus
lateral, medial, posterior, floor: occipital bone (majority) small parts of temporal, parietal

Front 8

CN VII and VIII leave out of the

Back 8

internal acoustic meatus (posterior cranial fossa)

Front 9

goes through the jugular foramen

Back 9

- internal jugular vein
- sigmoid sinus
- inferior petrosal sinus
- CN IX, X, XI

Front 10

the internal jugular vein is formed by these 2 sinuses

Back 10

sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinuses

Front 11

2 layers of dura mater in the cranium

Back 11

periosteal and meningeal

Front 12

important structures of the posterior cranial fossa

Back 12

- internal occipital protuberance/crest
- groove for transverse sinus
- internal acoustic meatus
- jugular foramen
- hypoglossal canal
- foramen magnum
- groove for inferior and superior petrosal sinus

Front 13

innervation of the meninges

Back 13

mostly CN V

Front 14

attachments of falx cerebri
anterior-
posterior-

what does it separate?

Back 14

anterior: frontal crest and crista galli

posterior: internal occipital protuberance and tentorium cerebelli

separates cerebral hemispheres

Front 15

attachments of tentorium cerebelli
anterior:
posterior:

what does it separate?

Back 15

anterior: petrous ridge, posterior clinoid processes
posterior: along the margins of the groove for the transverse sinus

separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum (horizontal)

Front 16

falx cerebllis attaches to what?

separates what?

Back 16

tentorium cereblli and internal occipital crest

vertically oriented; separates cerebellar hemispheres

Front 17

diaphragma sellae forms the roof of:

attaches to:

Back 17

roof of hypophyseal fossa

anterior and posterior clinoid processes

Front 18

arteries that make up the circle of willis

Back 18

- posterior cerebral artery
- posterior communicating artery
- internal carotid artery
- anterior cerebral artery
- anterior communicating artery

Front 19

intracranial arteries (minus circle of willis)

Back 19

- vertebral arteries
- anterior spinal artery*
- posterior spinal arteries*
- inferior cerebellar arteries (anterior/posterior*)
- basilar artery
- superior cerebellar artery
- middle cerebral artery*

Front 20

venous sinuses of dura mater
lack:
most ultimately drain into:

Back 20

devoid of valve
drain into internal jugular vein

Front 21

the superior sagittal sinus receives these veins:

drains into:

Back 21

cerebral, meningeal, and emissary veins

drains into right transverse sinus via the confluence of sinuses

Front 22

found in the lower free border of falx cerebri.

joins ______ to become the straight sinus

Back 22

inferior saggital sinus
- joins great cerebral vein (of galen)

Front 23

straight sinus is formed by these 2 things

lies within the intersection of these 2 dural folds

drains into what?

Back 23

union of great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus

lies within falx cerebri and tenorium cerebelli

drains into transverse sinus via the confluence of sinuses

Front 24

occupies the attached margin of the tentorium

Back 24

transverse sinus

Front 25

transverse sinus becomes the ______ sinus when the superior petrosal sinus empties into it

Back 25

sigmoid sinus

Front 26

the transverse sinus becomes the sigmoid when it leaves:

where does the sigmoid drain into?

Back 26

tentorium

internal jugular vein

Front 27

the cavernous sinus lies on the side of ________ body; extends from this fissure to apex of _________ of temporal bone

Back 27

sphenoid

extends from superior orbital fissure to apex of petrous portion of temporal bone

Front 28

cavernous sinus receives these veins

Back 28

opthalmic, middle cerebral, pterygoid plexus

Front 29

cavernous sinus surrounds this artery and is traversed by these cranial nerves

Back 29

- internal carotid artery

CNIII,IV, V1, V2, VI

Front 30

the superior petrosal sinus occupies the groove along:

Back 30

the petrous ridge

Front 31

drains the cavernous sinus- into where?

Back 31

superior petrosal sinus

drains into the junction of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses

Front 32

rupture of middle meningeal vessels susequent to skull fracture

Back 32

epidural hemorrhage (extradural)

Front 33

rupture of cerebral veins as they attach to superior sagittal sinus subsequent to a blow which jerks the brain

Back 33

subdural hemorrhage

Front 34

can happen within the internal carotid or the cavernous sinus

Back 34

aneurysm

Front 35

important structures in the medial cranial fossa

Back 35

hypophyseal fossa
dorsum sella, sella tercica, anterior and posterior clinoid processes
chiasmatic culcus and optic canals
superior orbital fissure
trigeminal impression
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum (middle meningeal artery) & groove for midddle m. artery
foramen lacerum
carotid canal
hiatus and groove for lesser petrosal n.

Front 36

lobe of brain associated with decision making and personality (anterior or posterior?)

Back 36

anterior frontal lobe

Front 37

lobe of brain associated with voluntary motor movements (anterior or posterior?)

Back 37

posterior frontal lobe

Front 38

major gyrus of voluntary motor movement

Back 38

precentral gyrus (on posterior frontal lobe)

Front 39

major gyrus of general sensations

Back 39

posttcentral gyrus (on anterior parietal lobe)

Front 40

lobe with ability to combine multiple sensory inputs into a coherent pattern aka. "association cortex"

Back 40

most of parietal lobe

Front 41

lobe responsible for vision

Back 41

occipital lobe

Front 42

lobe containing primary sense of hearing and memory related functions

Back 42

temporal lobe

Front 43

lobe associated with emotional and autonomic modulation

Back 43

insula

Front 44

the insula lies deep to ________ and can only be viewed if these lobes are pulled apart

Back 44

lateral fissure


temporal and frontal/parital lobes are pulled apart

Front 45

deep brain structure that is motor related

Back 45

basal ganglia

Front 46

deep brain structure that is a major highway of sensory and motor axons

Back 46

internal capsule

Front 47

depression that separates the left and right cortical hemispheres

Back 47

sagittal fissure

Front 48

depression that separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Back 48

central sulcus

Front 49

which is a deeper depression- fissures or sulci?

Back 49

fissures

Front 50

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Back 50

lateral (sylvian) fissure

Front 51

raised area of cortex located immediately anterior to the central sulcus

Back 51

precentral gyrus

Front 52

raised area of cortex that is located immediately posterior to the central sulcus

Back 52

postcentral gyrus

Front 53

the cingulate gyrus is a raised cortical area located on the ________ side of each cortical hemisphere and immediately superior to __________

Back 53

medial side of each cortical hemisphere, superior to corpus callosum

Front 54

the brainstem lies ___ to the cortical hemispheres and is connected to them by

Back 54

deep to hemispheres
connected by axons only

Front 55

brainstem is responsible for the _____ and _____ of sensory and motor functions. also regulates ________

Back 55

relay and modulation of sensory/motor

regulates AUTONOMICS

Front 56

responsible for modulation and relay of sensory info from the body to the cortex

Back 56

thalamus

Front 57

involved with autonomic control of functions like heart rate, respiration, etc.

Back 57

hypothalamus

Front 58

large anterior protrusion of brainstem

Back 58

pons (has various motor/sensory relays)

Front 59

the cerebellum is _____ and _____ (location) to the brainstem and immediately over the ______ and what's it responsible for?

Back 59

dorsal and superior to the brainstem

overlies the 4th ventricle

fine motor control (tiny hand movements)

Front 60

CSF is generated from ____

Back 60

choroid plexus

Front 61

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles in the ___ ventricle through __________

Back 61

3rd ventricle through the interventricular foramen

Front 62

ventricle located immediately adjacent to the thalamus

Back 62

3rd ventricle

Front 63

CSF flows from the 3rd to 4th ventricle via the ____________

Back 63

cerebral aqueduct

Front 64

4th ventrical lies on the _____/______ surface of the brainstem and immediately ______ to the cerebellum

Back 64

dorsal/posterior surface

inferior to cerebellum

Front 65

CSF leaves the 4th ventricle via: to then go into body

Back 65

2 lateral and 1 midline pore

Front 66

medial wall of the orbit

Back 66

frontal process of maxilla
lesser wing of sphenoid
orbital lamina of ethmoid (lamina papyracea)
lacrimal bone

Front 67

lateral wall of the orbit

Back 67

greater wing of sphenoid, zygomatic bone

Front 68

roof of orbit

Back 68

orbital plate of frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid bone (depression for lacrimal gland anterosuperolaterally)

Front 69

floor of orbit

Back 69

maxilla (infraorbital groove and canal), zygomatic, and palatine bone

Front 70

apex of the orbit has these 3 openings. what comes through them?

Back 70

optic canal: CNII, opthalmic artery

superior orbital fissure: (CNIII, IV, VI, V1)

inferior orbital fissure: infraorbital nerve (V2) and infraorbital artery

Front 71

components of lacrimal apparatus

Back 71

- lacrimal gland in superolateral part of orbit
- lacrimal papilla (medial corner of eyelids)
- lacrimal canaliculi (ducts)
- lacrimal sac
- nasolacrimal duct

Front 72

2 muscles of the eyelid

Back 72

1. levator palpebrae superioris
2. tarsal muscles

Front 73

smooth muscle of the eye is innervated by _______

2 functions of smooth muscle?

Back 73

sympathetics

- keep position of eyeball
- hold open eyelids

Front 74

extraocular muscles

Back 74

Levator palpebrae superioris

superior/ inferior/ medial/ lateral rectus muscle

superior/ inferior oblique muscles

Front 75

intraocular muscles

what kind of control?

Back 75

- sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae
- ciliary muscle

autonomic control

Front 76

muscle that changes shape of lens and important in accommodation

what's it innervated by?

Back 76

ciliary muscle

parasympathetics

Front 77

sphincter pupillae innervated by:

dilator pupillae muscles innervated by:

Back 77

parasympathetics

sympathetics

Front 78

nerves to the orbit
special sense:
motor:

Back 78

Special sense: Optic, CNII

Ocultomotor CNIII
Trochlear CN IV
Abducens CN VI

Front 79

general sensory branches to the eye

what branch are they from?

Back 79

frontal nerve- supraorbital and supratrochlear branches
lacrimal nerve
nasociliary nerve- ant/posterior ethmoidal, infratrochlear, long ciliary branches)

Branches of ophthalmic V1

Front 80

location of ciliary ganglion (between what muscle and nerve?)

Back 80

in orbit between lateral rectus muscle and CNII

Front 81

preganglionics from ciliary ganglion run with _____

postganglionics run in _________ nerves to intraocular muscles

Back 81

pre: CNIII

post: short ciliary nerves

Front 82

sympathetics to the eye come from ____________ plexus via _________ nerve

Back 82

internal carotid plexus

via ophthalmic division of CNV and its branches in the orbit

Front 83

sympathetics in the orbit go to these muscles

Back 83

dilatory pupillae and smooth muscle of eyelid

Front 84

causes ptosis of eyelid, myosis of pupil, and anhydrosis (lack of sweating)

Back 84

Horner's syndrome- affects orbit sympathetics

Front 85

secretomotor innervation to the lacrimal gland is from

Back 85

CN VII facial

Front 86

pathway of both parasympathetics and sympathetics to lacrimal gland

Back 86

nerve of the pterygoid canal --> pterygopalatine ganglion --> maxillary nerve --> zygomatic nerve --> zygomaticotemporal nerve --> lacrimal nerve

Front 87

ophthalmic artery arises from ______________, then enters orbit _____ to optic nerve through optic canal

Back 87

internal carotid artery

inferior to optic nerve

Front 88

branches of ophthalmic artery

Back 88

lacrimal a.
supraorbital a.
supratrochlear a.
posterior/anterior ethmoidal a.
central artery of the retina (w/in optic nerve)
cilliary arteries

Front 89

ophthalmic veins drain to ___________ and communicate with veins of ____ and __________

Back 89

cavernous isnus

veins of face and pterygoid plexus

Front 90

clear, watery fluid circulating in both chambers of the eye, associated with the chamber outside the lens

Back 90

aqueous humor

Front 91

a thin, highly vascular membrane on which the retina rests; between the retina and sclera

Back 91

choroid

Front 92

changes the shape of the lense

Back 92

ciliary muscle

Front 93

the cilliary muscle ____ to flatten the lens for _____ vision

Back 93

relaxes, distance vision

Front 94

the cilliary muscle _____ to round the lens for ______ vision

Back 94

contracts, near vision

Front 95

photoreceptor cells int he retina used under conditions of bright illumination; color coded, fine detail, photopigments with low sensitivity to light

Back 95

Cones

Front 96

thin layer of mucous membrane lining the inner surface of each eyelid, moves over the eyeball as a protective cover

Back 96

conjunctiva

Front 97

convex, transparent coating of the eye (made up of collagen-rich epithelial cells) which covers the pupil and iris. Tears that flow over it and aqueous humor in the chamber behind it keep it nourished. It allows the light to enter the eyeball. When you hear of eye banks and eye transplants, it is this being replaced

Back 97

Cornea

Front 98

area at the center of the retina where cone cells are concentrated and there are no rod cells; “blind spot.”

Back 98

fovea centralis

Front 99

This is the colored part of the eye. It is a ring of muscle fibers located behind the cornea and in front of the lens. It contracts and expands opening and closing the pupil in response to the brightness of surrounding light helping to protect the sensitive retina.

Back 99

iris

Front 100

pressure of the eye, regulated by resistance to the flow of aqueous humor through a fine sieve-like trabecular meshwork (eye’s drainage system); the older the person, the more likely it is that the trabecular meshwork becomes hardened and obstructed, preventing the normal flow of aqueous humor from passing out at the proper rate and causing an increase in this

Back 100

intraocular pressure

Front 101

a transparent, colorless, firm structure of the eye, enclosed in a capsule, located between the iris and the vitreous humor; refracts light to focus images onto the retina at the back of the eye; in old age the lens becomes flattened, more dense, slightly opaque, and amber-tinted.

Back 101

lens

Front 102

an oval yellow spot at the center of the retina, near the optic nerve; around fovea (blind spot); region of retina richest in photoreceptors; contains a pit, fovea centralis, and has no blood vessels; central vision occurs when an image is focused directly on the fovea centralis.

Back 102

macula lutea

Front 103

the “hole” or circular opening in the iris through which light passes to the lens and the retina; located slightly to the nasal side of the center of the iris; lies behind the anterior chamber of the eye and the cornea and in front of the lens; diameter changes with contraction and relaxation of the muscular fibers of the iris as the eye responds to changes in light, emotional states and other kinds of stimulation.

Back 103

pupil

Front 104

a ten-layered, delicate, membrane of light-sensitive nervous tissue at the back of the eye. It contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) and the neurons which transmit visual impulses from sensory cells through the optic nerve to the brain. The sides of this are responsible for our peripheral vision while the center area, called the macula, is used for our fine central vision and color vision.

Back 104

retina

Front 105

one of the photoreceptor cells in the retina; contain photopigments which are very sensitive to low light levels; located mainly around the periphery of the retina; do not code for color.

Back 105

rods

Front 106

tough, opaque membrane of the eyebulb which maintains the size and form of the bulb and attaches to muscles that move the bulb; the whites of the eyes.

Back 106

sclera

Front 107

transparent, semigelatinous fluid in the chamber filling the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye.

Back 107

vitreous humor

Front 108

equation for what innervates the extraocular eye muscles

Back 108

(LR6SO4)3

Front 109

band of white matter that connects cerebral hemispheres

Back 109

corpus callosum