Bbc Session 1

Front 1

What happens when a drug that is easily displaced from albumin is taken with a drug that is less easily displaced?

Back 1

The more easily displaced drug will have more presence of the active form in the blood = greater effect

Front 2

What effect do sulfonamides have on the anticipated levels of other drugs?

Back 2

Inhibit p450, compete at renal transporters = increased effect

easily displaced from albumin- = decreased effect, but longer lasting

Front 3

What is the MOA of probenacid?

Back 3

low dose inhibits renal excretion of uric acid, but at high does it increases uric acid excretion

Front 4

Drugs easily displaced by albumin: Serum Proteins Can Spew

Back 4

Sulfonamides, phenybutazone, coumadin, sulfonylureas

Front 5

Drugs that induce p450: One pharmaceutical brings about rapid Liver Metabolism

Back 5

OCP, phenytoin, barbituatets, alcohol, rifampin, levodopa, methadone

Front 6

Drugs that inhibit p450:
Some Pharamaceutical Classes Inhibit Drug Catabolism

Back 6

Sulfonamides, phenybutazone, chloarmphenicol, isoniazid, dicumarol, cimetidine

Front 7

Drugs that compete for renal transporters: Some Pharamaceuticals Plus Urate Stop Transporters

Back 7

Sulfonamides, probenacid, penicillin, urate, salicylates, thiazides

*use with caution in gout*

Front 8

What drug combinations should be used with caution with an MAOI?

Back 8

TCAs and SSRIs -> serotonin syndrome and with TCAs severe sympathetic activation

Front 9

What antibiotic class should be used with caution with certain antiarryhtmics?

Back 9

Fluorquinolones known to cause prolonged QT -> torsades->death

Front 10

A patient presents with hyperthermia, tachycardia, facial flushing, severe muscle spasm and rhabdo, what drug combo caused this?

Back 10

Serotonin syndrome - MAOIs, SSRIs, decongestines with pseudoephrine, TCAs, SNRIs (any of the above together)

Front 11

Which drugs can exacerbate G6PD deficiency?

Back 11

Especially SULFA DRUGS, also primaquine

Front 12

Which drugs are associated with drug induced lupus?

Back 12

hydralizine and procainamide

Front 13

Concerns of Lithium in pregnancy?

Back 13

Ebstein's anomaly - inferior displacement of tricuspid leads to small RV

Front 14

How does reversible cell injury appear on light microscopy?

Back 14

cell swelling and fatty change (liver and heart)

EM- plasma membrane blebs and mitochondrial swelling

Front 15

How do cells respond to chronic injury or stimulus?

Back 15

atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia or dysplasia

Front 16

Wound repair by secondary intention?

Back 16

wound edges not attached, granulation tissue forms and takes longer to heal

Front 17

What parts of the inflammatory process involve prostaglandins?

Back 17

Fever, vasodilation, and pain
*no effect on chemotaxis or phagocytosis inflammatory process still works* NSAIDs inhibit protaglandins

Front 18

What is involved in the inflammatory response?

Back 18

vasodilation, increased permeability, tissue destruction, fever, pain, chemotzxis, opsonization, promotion of WBCs and platelet induction and inhibition

Front 19

Which cytokines are involved in lymphocyte activation/differentiation?

Back 19

IL-1- T cells
IL-2,4 and 5 B cells

Front 20

What cytokines produced by helper T cells?

Back 20

IL-2 activates NK and B cells, INF-y activates macrophages

Front 21

What cytokines are produced in response to viral infection?

Back 21

a-interferon (leukocytes), B-interferon (fibroblasts), both induce MHC-I expression

Front 22

What is the significance of the alternative pathway in a first time exposure to pathogen?

Back 22

Alternative pathway does not require sensitization to cause complement effects

Front 23

What are the 3 types of amyloid deposits?

Back 23

Congo red stain- green birefringence

MM- amyloid light chains
Amyloid associate protein- chronic inflammation and aging
Beta amyloid- lzheimers

Front 24

What type of autoantibody is assoicated with primary biliary cirrhosis?

Back 24

anti-mitochondrial

Front 25

What is the cause of serum sickness?

Back 25

mainly d/t drugs, type III hypersensitivity immune complexes and complement can cause arthrititis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis

Front 26

What is the significance of a mutation to the c-abl oncogene?

Back 26

affects tyrosine kinase leads to chronic myelogenous leukemia

Front 27

What is the significance of tumor markers?

Back 27

follow-up for detection of metastases, assessing treatment not for screening

Front 28

what is the significance of the CEA tumor marker?

Back 28

assesses adenocarcinomas (colon, pnacreas and lung)

Front 29

X-linked recessive diseases tend to:

Back 29

skip generations, sick grandfather, carrier daughter sick grandson

Front 30

Chediak Higashi syndrome inheritance pattern?

Back 30

AR (prone to bacterial and fungal infections impaired leukocyte funciton)

Front 31

Inheritinace pattern of phacomatoses?

Back 31

AD, benign tumors of eye, skin and brain

Front 32

Compare and contrast Duchenne and Beckers muscular dystrophy:

Back 32

Both X-linked recessive, Becker is abnormal dystrophin and less early in onset, Duchenne absent dystrophin

Front 33

Amennorhea and short stature in girl?

Back 33

Turner syndrome (XO), webber neck, coarctation of aorta, immature genetalia but may have body hair

Front 34

Significance of partial deletion of 13q arm?

Back 34

retinoblastoma

Front 35

What disorder(s) are associated with deletion of 15q11-13?

Back 35

Prader Willi (paternal deletion)

Angelman (maternal)

Same deletion but from different parent causes different disease

Front 36

Predisposition of HLA-B27?

Back 36

ankylosing spondylitis, reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis

Front 37

Most common causes of nephrotic syndrome?

Back 37

Kids- Minimal change GN
Adults mebranous GN

Front 38

Patient has malar rash, photosensitivity, arhtritis, renal disease, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, what antibodies do you check?

Back 38

ANA- sensitive not specific
anti ds-DNA and anti-smith - specific not sensitive

Front 39

Systemic sclerosis antibodies (CREST syndrome)

Back 39

calcinosis, raynaud's, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactly, telangiectasias

limited- anti centromere (one part of body)

diffuse- antiScl 70

Front 40

Chronic unexplained dry eyes and dry mouth, what antibodies?

Back 40

SS-A anti RO, SS-B anti La

Sjogren's syndrome, antibodies to salivary and lacrimal glands

Front 41

Patient with repeated bacterial infections and eczema, CBC shows thrombocytopenia, diagnosis?

Back 41

Wiskott-Aldrich d/t low IgM, x-linked recessive inheritance

Front 42

TART

Back 42

Tissue texture change, assymetry, restriciton, tenderness

Front 43

Acute vs. chronic tissue texture changes

Back 43

Acute- erthema, bogyy, edema, hot, hypertonic muscles

Chronic- pale, cool, ropy, flaccid, dry

Front 44

What is a restricitive barrier?

Back 44

pathologic barrier prior to physiologic (active motion) barrier, restriction exists after the point of the barrier

Front 45

Dysfunction is named for...

Back 45

The direction of free movement or ease

You effing idiot

Front 46

HVLA is not recommended for...

Back 46

osteopeorosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, bone cancer, RA, verterbral artery dissection, CA,

Relative- pregnancy, herniated discs,

Front 47

facilitated positional release

Back 47

place in position that is neutral to ensure least joint tensinon and then compressive or torsion force is applied and moved away from restrictive barrier