Bbc: Path: Pg 24-53 Usmle Made Ridiculously Simple

Front 1

anti-centromere and anti-Scl 70

Back 1

limited systemic sclerosis and diffuse systemic sclerosis

Front 2

what disease is asso with CREST sx

Back 2

limited systemic sclerosis

Front 3

SS-A (anti Ro) SS-B (anti La)

Back 3

Sjogren's syndrome

Front 4

what is the X-recessive immunodeficient disease

Back 4

Wiskott-Aldrich

Front 5

what are the ACQUIRED bleeding disorder you need to know

Back 5

ITP, TTP, vitamin K deficiency

Front 6

if you have a prolonged PT time, what can you rule out

Back 6

inherited disorders because they have prolong aPTT, prolonged PT is Vitamin K deficiency because vitamin K affects facors 2,5,7,9,10

Front 7

why can you have a normal bleeding time but a prolonged aPTT.

Back 7

bleeding time depends on platelet function

Front 8

prolonged bleeding is associated with.......

Back 8

Von Willebrand disease (inherited)

Front 9

how can you tell the difference between all three of the inherited bleeding disorders

Back 9

well, they all have prolonged aPTT, but Von Willebrand disease has prolonged bleeding time

Front 10

what connects the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways

Back 10

factor 10

Front 11

what is the last step in coagulation cascade

Back 11

(I) fibrinogen --> fibrin

Front 12

what are the factors of the extrinsic pathway

Back 12

7

Front 13

what is the difference between alpha and beta thalassemias

Back 13

first, the chains that are deficient (alpha vs beta), second, alpha thalassemias are common in SE asia and betas thalassemias are common in MED and US, (they both are hypochromic with target cells)

Front 14

name the disorder: antibodies directed against RBC initiated by warm areas of the body

Back 14

warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (IgG)

Front 15

what is the antibody vs RBC in cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Back 15

IgM

Front 16

megaloblastic anemias

Back 16

folate deficiency and B12 deficiency

Front 17

anemia after chronic blood loss

Back 17

iron deficiency anemia

Front 18

case: anemia in an elderly pt, what should you check for

Back 18

colorectal cancer

Front 19

plummer vinson triad

Back 19

anemia, atrophic glossitis, esophageal web

Front 20

fanconi anemia

Back 20

aplastic anemia, hypolastic thumbs, absent radii

Front 21

Heinz bodies indicate

Back 21

G6PD deficiency

Front 22

basophil stippling is seen on the micro scope, what would you give the patient to save them

Back 22

lead poison needs EDTA or BAL

Front 23

if you see reticulocytes, what can you expect from the patient history

Back 23

they are recovering from a hemorrhage becuase this means increase production of RBC

Front 24

reticulocyte index means....

Back 24

relating the reticulocyte count to the hematocrit level to correct for blood loss

Front 25

what are names of WBCs

Back 25

neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

Front 26

increase in monocytes indicates

Back 26

TB, malaria, or rickettsia

Front 27

if you see increase in lymphocytes, indicates

Back 27

TB or viral infection

Front 28

what are the two leukemia with the worst prognosis

Back 28

CML and hairy cell leukemia (its a hairy situation)

Front 29

what chromosome is associated with CML mutations

Back 29

chromosome 9 (philadelphia)

Front 30

auer rods in myeloblasts indicate

Back 30

AML

Front 31

reed steinberg cells indicate (explain the prognosis)

Back 31

Hodgkin's disease (lymphoma) - more of these cells indicates a worse prognosis

Front 32

what disease has "starry sky" pattern

Back 32

Burkitt Lymphoma (starry = macrophages, sky = matrix of rapidly proliferating neoplastic B cells)

Front 33

what are the neoplasms of plasma cells

Back 33

MM, Waldenstroms, monoclonal gammopathy

Front 34

Bence Jones proteins indicate

Back 34

MM

Front 35

a woman who does not have a history of bone defects or calcium deficiency, comes in after fracturing her pelvis during a rec soccer game, you find > 10% plasma cells in her bone and bence jones protein

Back 35

she has MM. the fracture could have been provoked by the disease increase in osteoclast acivity --> punched out resorptive lesions

Front 36

monckeberg;s arteriosclerosis features

Back 36

calcific stenosis, gooseneck lumps, asymptomatic, small and medium sized arteries affected

Front 37

giant cell arteritis is important to tx fast, why

Back 37

it affects the temporal artery and it can cause permanent loss of vision

Front 38

what aneurysms are associated with the aorta and which are in the head

Back 38

atherosclerotic, dissecting, andsyphilitc (aorta) & berry and micro (head)

Front 39

machine like continuous murmur

Back 39

patent ductus arteriosus

Front 40

diastolic murmur, pistol shots in femoral a.

Back 40

aortic regurgitation

Front 41

if you have a cyanotic pt, what is the direction of the defect

Back 41

L-->R (bypasses the lungs to get oxygenated)

Front 42

isotetinoin usage while pregnant can cause

Back 42

heart defects + hydrocephalus, cleft palate

Front 43

at what time after an MI can you see gross changes

Back 43

18-24hrs (before that only mitchondrial swelling, edema, hemorrhage... all microscopic changes)

Front 44

granulation tissue forms in the heart post MI, when?

Back 44

10 days

Front 45

when does an MI fully heal (scar forms)

Back 45

8 weeks

Front 46

what are the two types of endocarditis

Back 46

infective and non-infective

Front 47

Janeway lesions (macular patch, not tender, on palms and soles)

Back 47

acute infective endocarditis (from Staph aureus or strep)

Front 48

Roth spots (retinal hemorrhages) or osler nodes (red tender lesion on fingers) indicate

Back 48

subacute infective endocarditis (stre viridans or gram negative bacilli)

Front 49

what are the two non-infective endocarditis diseases

Back 49

Libman Sacks (from SLE) and Marantic (from chronic disease)

Front 50

what are the three types of pericarditis that pathologists distinguished based on fluid appearance

Back 50

fibrous, serous, suppurative

Front 51

pt presents with low grade fever, pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus (pulse that has an extreme drop with inspiration)... more of a drop than normal

Back 51

pericarditis

Front 52

what are the major jones criteria for dx rheumatic fever

Back 52

polyarthritis, erythema, subcutaneous nodules, chorea, carditis (children with strep can encounter more problems)

Front 53

what is the REID index

Back 53

measures the width of submucosa mucus glands of the bronchus wall to the width of the wall (from cillia to cartilage)

Front 54

adults ARDS key features

Back 54

acute diffuse alveolar damage

Front 55

neonatal ARD key features

Back 55

insufficient lecithin synthesis by type 2 pneumocytes

Front 56

what is the restrictive lung disease that is caused by type II hypersensitivity

Back 56

good pasture disease (cytotoxic)

Front 57

can you name a restrictive lung disease for each type of HS rxn?

Back 57

type I: eosinophilic pneumonia (acute), type II: good pasture disease, type III: HS pneumonitis acute, type IV, HS pneumonitis chronic AND berylliosis (a pneumoconiosis)

Front 58

what are restrictive lung diseases that damage the collagen

Back 58

SLE, scleroderma, wegener's, RA

Front 59

restrictive lung disease is characterized by what changes in air volume measurements

Back 59

decrease in FRC, VC, TLC

Front 60

what are the air measurement changes in obstructive lung disease

Back 60

increase in TLC and FRC

Front 61

what is the lung disease: pink puffers, barrel chest, alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

Back 61

lower lobe emphysema

Front 62

smokers have what kind of lung disease

Back 62

upper lobe emphysema

Front 63

blue bloaters and chronic irritation are associated with..

Back 63

chronic bronchitis (obstructive)

Front 64

lung disease caused by chronic infections

Back 64

bronchiectasis (obstructive)