B&b Exam 3

Front 1

hormones involved n growth of facial hair in men

Back 1

androgens

Front 2

the default gene is female. if at any point (if you have) a y chromosome and it fails, what might happen?

Back 2

you may be male but more feminized, bc not producing enough testosterone

Front 3

genetically, it's suggested that tomboys may have been exposed to high levels of what?

Back 3

androgens during development

Front 4

traditional birth control affects what two hormones?

Back 4

progesterone and estradiol

Front 5

testosterone is associated with what two things

Back 5

aggression and lust

Front 6

this hormone is associated with growth of dendritic spines, increased dopamine and serotonin, improved memory and attention

Back 6

estrogen

Front 7

Dr. Fisher divides love into 3 neurochemical categories. What are they, and what's the difference?

Back 7

LUST: craving for sexual gratification

ATTRACTION: romantic, passionate love

ATTACHMENT: calmness, stability

Front 8

according to Dr. Fischer, what NT are associated with attraction, and attachment?

Back 8

attraction: high dopamine and norepinephrine

attachment: oxytocin

Front 9

when we see someone attractive, it causes activity in the __________ systems of the brain

when it is most rewarding to our dopamine/ reward system?

Back 9

dopamine

when someone makes eye contact

Front 10

apocrine glands

1. where are they located

2. who's are larger (men/ women)

3. when are they most active

Back 10

1. concentrated in face, hands, ears, cheeks, breasts

2. men's are larger

3. secrete most actively during nervousness/ excitement

Front 11

animals detect pheromones through their ___________ organ. the olfactory bulbs send information directly to the ________ system

Back 11

vomeronasal organ

limbic system

Front 12

men are more likely to initiate kissing. what is the thought behind this?

Back 12

saliva having more testosterone in men, which is associated with lust

Front 13

what could explain why we are more likely to touch our partner's hands/ face when kissing?

Back 13

there are large somatosensory cortecis in these areas

Front 14

name the hormone:

made up of a short string of amino acids, also called protein hormone

Back 14

peptide

Front 15

name the hormone:

smaller and simpler, consisting of a modified version of a single amino acid, such as melatonin or epinephrine

Back 15

amine hormone

Front 16

name the hormoneL derivates of cholesterol and thus share its structure of four rings or carb atoms. can pass through membranes easily. includes estrogens, androgens

Back 16

steroid

Front 17

__________ and ______ hormones bind to specific receptor proteins on the surface of the target cell and activate chemical signals inside the cell, called second messengers.

Back 17

peptide, amine

Front 18

steroid hormones are generally located ______ the target cell. for instance, estrogens selectively interact with estrogen receptors.

Back 18

inside

Front 19

when a _______ molecule and a __________ molecule combine, this complex enters the nucleus of the cells and binds tot he DNA, controlling the expression of specific genes

Back 19

steroid, receptor

Front 20

in mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which is responsible for developing what?

where is the SRY gene located in XX individuals?

Back 20

testes

no SRY gene is produces, and the indifferentgonads become an ovary

Front 21

the early fetus has a _______________________ that can either form a clitoris or a penis, as wells as two sets of ducs that connect the indifferent gonads to the outer body wall: ________ ducts and ________ducts

Back 21

genital tubercle

wolffian ducts, mullerian ducts

Front 22

in females, what do the mullerian ducts develop into? what about wolffian?

Back 22

the oviducts, or fallopian tubes, and uterus and inner vagina

wolffian ducts shrinken

Front 23

in males, what do the mullerian and wolffian ducts develop into?

Back 23

wolffian ducs develop into the male reproductive system, and mullerian ducts shrink

Front 24

the system is masculinized by two testicular secretions: __________, which promotes development of the wolffian system, and _________________, which causes regression of the mullerian system

Back 24

testosterone, anti- mullerian hormone (AMH)

Front 25

in the absence of _____________________________, the genital tract develop in a feminine pattern, in which the wolffian ducts regress

Back 25

test., and AMH

Front 26

one function of this hormone is to stimulate contractions of the uterus at childbirth. also triggers milk letdown in the nursing female

Back 26

oxytocin

Front 27

metabolism works on _________ feedback

Back 27

negative

Front 28

what are some hormones associated with satiety?

Back 28

PYY, Leptin, POMC, CCK

Front 29

what are some hormones associated with hunger?

Back 29

ghrelin, NPY, endocannabanoids

Front 30

excess glucose is stored in _____ tissue

Back 30

adipose

Front 31

what was the result of the study that stimulated the Lateral hypothalamus in rats?

Back 31

the rat kept eating. "hunger center"

Front 32

_____ gets higher upon ingestion of meal and provides appetite- suppressant signal

Back 32

PYY

Front 33

homeostatic mechanisms that regulate temperature, body fluids and metabolism are based on __________ feedback. the desired value, or set point, triggers a compensatory action of the system- when the desired value is restored, the response is turned off

Back 33

negative

Front 34

this thirst results from the loss of body fluids

Back 34

hypovolemic thirst

Front 35

osmotic thirst is a consequence of what

Back 35

our body fluids becoming too salty (ie from eating chips)

Front 36

a mouse that fails to produce leptin, and a mouse that may produce normal amounts of leptin but doesn't have functional leptin receptors is going to be..?

Back 36

obese

Front 37

explain corrective mechanism

Back 37

when a change happens in a system, the change causes a corrective mechanism to start reversing the change and get the body back to homestasis, ie body temperature

Front 38

cilantro contains what that may give it a soapy taste to people?

Back 38

linalool

Front 39

___/3 total energy is spent maintaining our body temperature

Back 39

2/3

Front 40

basal metabolism

Back 40

the minimum caloric requirement needed to sustain life in a resting perosn

Front 41

this part of the brain is associated with thermal control. if something is not right, corrective mechanisms will come into play

Back 41

hypothalamus

Front 42

what do the smooth muscles do to preserve heat when you're cold?

Back 42

they restrict and less heat is carried from core to surface of body

Front 43

why is fever considered a positive feedback mechanism? what's the role of prostaglandins?

Back 43

your body works to make itself an unpleasant place for a virus to stay

Front 44

chemicals called ___________ help the body transmit pain info to the brain. ibeprofen works in that it curbs the production of it

Back 44

prostaglandins

Front 45

this influences your body's set point temperature, which can explain why you get hot and cold when you have a fever

Back 45

prostaglandins

Front 46

chocolate contains ______________ that may have health benefits, that may aleviate cramps, and mood. also contains ______ that may give off a euphoric, romantic love feeling

Back 46

flavanoids

PEA

Front 47

integration of anger is associated with what two parts of the brain?

Back 47

amygdala and frontal cortex

Front 48

control over aggression is associated with

Back 48

frontal lobes

Front 49

this is thought to inhibit aggression

Back 49

serotonin

Front 50

low ________ levels are linked to aggressive behavior. Why does Prozac tend to have positive results in controlling extreme aggression?

Back 50

serotonin

it is a serotonin agonist, and it activates serotonin reuptake

Front 51

short allele of what gene is linked to aggression and impulsive tendencies?

faulty what is linked to impulsive violence in humans?

Back 51

short allele of serotonin transporter gene

faulty emotional regulation

Front 52

placing value in an object; pleasure, yumminess are associated with what part of the brain?

Back 52

orbitofrontal cortex