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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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A 12 year old native speaker of Spanish who has been studying English as a second language for 3 years is most likely to do which of the following when speaking English in casual conversation with teachers at school?
a) use labiodental fricatives in place of velar fricatives b) use the auxiliary "have" in place of "be" in progressive tenses c) use incorrect word order within prepositional phrases d) use conjunctions in place of prepositions e) use multiple negation inappropirately |
e) use multiple negation inappropriately
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#3)multiple negation is a grammatical feature of Spanish, but not of standard English. The two languages thus contrast with each other in this respect, and multiple negation could persist as a speaker attempts to learn standard English.
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Which of the following is true of the terms "agent" and "subject" as they are used to describe language?
a) They can be interchanged, because both the agent and the subject always agree syntactically with the verb. b) They should be kept distinct, because whether something is an agent depends on semantics, whereas whether something is a subject depends on syntax c) They should be kept distinct, because it is always possible to determine whether something is a subject, but it is not always possible to determine whether something is an agent d) They should be kept distinct, because every sentence has an agent but not necessarily a subject. e) They can be interchanged, because both subjects and agents always precede the verb. |
b) They should be kept distinct, because whether something is an agent depends on semantics, whereas whether something is a subject depends on syntax
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#42 b) is correct because it expresses an accurate distinction b/w the terms "agent" and "subject" as they are used to describe language.
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For a test of expressive morphology and syntax for speakers of African American Vernacular English, the test item that would be considered LEAST biased against such speakers would be one requiring...
a) use of the third-person singular, present tense- /s/ ending b) use of the auxiliary verb "be" in the present progressive tense c) use of the past-tense ending -/ed/ d) use of sentences with multiple negation e) agreement of personal pronouns with their antecedents in gender and number |
e) agreement of personal pronouns with their antecedents in gender and number
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#58 The morphological feature listed in (e) is one in which African American Vernacular English (AAVE) does not differ from Standard American English (SAE), so this is the correct answer. (a) (b) (c) would be biased because those features are present in SAE but not in AAVE. |
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Language intervention for a child at the one word stage should be most strongly influenced by a consideration of the child's
a) motor skills b) cognitive skills c) syntactic skills d) articulation skills e) parallel-play skills |
b) cognitive skills
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#60 The cognitive skills of a child at the one-word stage will most strongly influence the child's speech-language response, so language intervention for the child should take into account the child's cognitive skills, and (b) is the correct answer.
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Control over the fundamental frequency of the laryngeal tone is most closely related to the activity of which of the following muscles?
a) posterior crioarytenoid b) lateral cricoarytenoid c) cricothyroid d) hyoglossus e) sternocleidomastoid |
c) cricothyroid
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#68 Of the muscles listed, the cricothyroid muscle has the greatest control over the fundamental frequency of the laryngeal tone by lengthening or tensing the vocal folds, so (c) is the correct answer.
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Which of the following errors is likely to persist the longest in the speech of children who are learning Standard American English (SAE) as a first language and are following the normal developmental course for speech and language acquisition?
a) assimilation b) consonant cluster reduction c) final-consonant deletion d) stopping e) velar fronting |
b) consonant cluster deletion
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#82 Consonant cluster reduction is the most persistent of the normal developmental processes listed, so (b) is the correct answer
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about whispered speech?
a) it is produced by approximating the arytenoid cartilages so that their medial surfaces are in direct contact b) its fundamental frequency is typically specifiable at b/w 60 Hz and 80 Hz c) it is composed largely of aperiodic sounds d) spectrographic analysis of it reveals no discernible formants for the vowels. e) most ppl can produce longer utterances per breath using it than they can using conversational phonation |
c) it is composed largely of aperiodic sounds
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#83 Whispered speech is composed largely of aperiodic sounds, as the vocal folds do not vibrate while whispering is taking place, so (c) is the correct answer
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Which of the following is a typical symptom observed in cases of cerebellar involvement?
a) overshooting or undershooting an intended action b) rigidity during voluntary motions c) spasticity during involuntary action d) word-finding difficulty e) deficit in correct use of syntactic forms |
a) overshooting or undershooting an intended action
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#94 Overshooting or undershooting of an intended action is typical of individuals with deficits related to a lesion of the cerebellum, so (a) is the correct answer
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Native speakers of a language posses several capacities or abilities that provide insight into their language competence. Sentences such as "Visiting friends can be a nuisance" are especially useful to test a person's ability to
a) distinguish sentences from nonsentences b) recognize syntactic ambiguity c) interpret metaphorical language d) distinguish homophones by means of syntactic cues e) recognize a semantically anomalous sentence |
b) recognize syntactic ambiguity
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#100 there are two ways to parse or interpret the structure of the sentence " Visiting friends can be a nuisance." One interpretation is that it is bothersome to visit friends; the other is that friends who have come for a visit are bothersome. This sentence, therefore, would be appropriate as part of a test of a person's ability to recognize syntactic ambiguity, and (b) is the correct answer
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Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?
a) V b) VII c) IX d) X e) XI |
d) X
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#110 Primary innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by cranial nerve X (Vagus nerve), so (d) is the correct answer
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Which of the following is the most accurate description of the likely effects on a young child of repeated episodes of otitis media with intermittent hearing loss?
a) there is no effect on syntactic development b) there is a limited effect on phonological development c) there is a mild-to-moderate effect on phonological development d) there is a mild-to-moderate effect on overall language development e) there is a moderate-to-severe effect on overall language development |
e) there is a moderate-to-severe effect on overall language development
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#112 a child who has had repeated episodes of middle-ear infection is likely to have experienced periods of temporary hearing loss that can affect all domains of language acquisition, so (d) is the correct answer
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a client with anomic aphasia is a native speaker of Spanish with fair proficiency in English. Production of the word "shoes" as (choos) on a repetition task is most likely due to wihch of the following factors?
a) phonological interference from the speaker's native language b) semantic interference from the speaker's native langauge c) semantic paraphasia due to the aphasia d) phonemic paraphasia due to the aphasia e) dysarthria due to the aphasia |
a) phonological interference from the speaker's native language
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#118 The Spanish language does not have /ch/ in its phonemic inventory, and native speakers of Spanish typically substitute the affricate /ch/ when producing English words with that phoneme. It can be assumed that a native speaker of Spanish would have maade such a substitute before acquiring an anomic aphasia, so (a) is the correct answer.
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