Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
In an adult, red marrow is not found in the a. diaphysis of the femur b. frontal and parietal bones c. ribs d. pelvic bones |
diaphysis of the femur |
|
|
Calcium is stored in a. bone's extracellular matrix b. osteocytes c. marrow d. haversian canals |
bone's extracellular matrix |
|
|
Which of the following elements is not normally found in bone? a. magnesium b. lead c. carbonate ions d. potassium |
lead |
|
|
All of the following can reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis, except a. performing weight-bearing exercise on a regular basis b. avoiding medications containing bisphosphonates c. consuming adequate daily amounts of calcium and vitamin D d. avoiding smoking |
avoiding medications containing bisphosphonates
|
|
|
The finger and toe bones are called a. tarsals b. carpals c. patellae d. phalanges |
phalanges |
|
|
Which bone does not form part of the eye orbit a. nasal bone b. frontal bone c. sphenoid bone d. maxilla |
nasal bone |
|
|
The mastoid process is a bony extension of the a. occipital bone b. parietal bone c. sphenoid bone d. temporal bone |
temporal bone |
|
|
The sella turcicam which surrounds the pituitary gland, is part of the a. frontal bone b. sphenoid bone c. ethmoid bone d. nasal bone |
ethmoid bone |
|
|
The fontanels of the infant skill mainly permit a. rapid growth of the brain b. molding of the head to fit through the birth canal c. easier transfer of heat d. Equalization of pressure within the infant skull |
molding of the head to fit through the birth canal |
|
|
Which of the following is (are) not considered a part of the thoracic cage a. clavicles b. thoracic vertebrae c. floating ribs d. sternum |
clavicles |
|
|
The coracoid process is located on the a. clavicle b. scapula c. humerous d. thoracic vertebrae |
clavicle |
|
|
Which of the following is not a bone forming the coxal bone (hip bone or pelvic bone)? a. the pubis b. the ilium c. the symphysis pubis d. the ischium |
the symphysis pubis |
|
|
Where in the femur do most hip fractures in the elderly occur a. greater trochanter b. neck of the femur c. lateral epicondyle d. head of the femur |
neck of the femur |
|
|
The lateral malleolus is a process on the a. tibia b. calcaneus c. fibula d. talus |
fibula |
|
|
Which bone forms the heel of the foot a. talus b. phalanges c. calcaneus d. metatarsal |
calcaneus |
|
|
Which of the following structures is not found in all synovial joints a. a meniscus b. articular cartilage c. a joint capsule d. synovial fluid |
a meniscus |
|
|
Bending a joint so that the angle between the bones decreases is a. extension b. flexion c. dorsiflexion d. rotation |
flexion |
|
|
Moving a part toward the midline of the body is a. pronation b. plantar flexion c. adduction d. eversion |
adduction |
|
|
The wall of the diaphysis is composed mainly of spongy bone a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The end of a long bone nearest to the trunk is the distal epiphysis a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The spaces in spongy bone help reduce the weight of the bone a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
Sutures of the skull are examples of fibrous joints a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
The primary ossification center in long bones is located in the center of the diaphysis a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
Intramembranous bones form between two thin layers of cartilage a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
It is the bones of the axial skeleton that primarily provide protection for internal organs a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
Long bones are usually the fulcrum of a lever that produces movement a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The function of yellow marrow is to produce white blood cells a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The sacrum is comprised of several fused vertebrae a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
Bone tissue homeostasis is regulated by the nervous system a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
Inadequate levels of blood calcium can impair blood clotting and conduction of nerve impulses a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The pelvic girdle consists of the hip bones a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
The radius is located on the thumb (lateral) side of the forearm a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
A fibrous, flattened, sheet of connective tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle is known as a. fascia b. an aponeurosis c. a tendon sheath d. a broad ligament |
an aponeurosis |
|
|
The connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle is the a. perimysium b. endomysium c. epimysium d. elastin |
epimysium |
|
|
Choose the true statement regarding skeletal muscle cells a. another term for a skeletal muscle cell is muscle fiber b. Each skeletal muscle cell has one nucleus and mitochondrion c. The muscle cell membrane is called the sarcoplasm d. Skeletal muscle cells never extend the full length of a muscle |
Another term for a skeletal muscle is muscle fiber |
|
|
The light bands in skeletal muscle that contribute to its striated appearance are known as a. I bands b. Z bands c. H zones d. A bands |
I bands |
|
|
The sarcomere, the basic unit of skeletal muscle, extends from a. A band to A band b. M line to M line c. H zone to H zone d. Z line to Z line |
Z line to Z line |
|
|
Which of the following is not found at the end of the motor axon at the neuromuscular junction? a. many nuclei b. synaptic vesicles c. abundant mitochondria d. a cleft between the end and the muscle fiber |
many nuclei |
|
|
When the cross-bridge of the myosin molecule forms linkages with actin filaments, the result is a. shortening of the muscle fiber b. creation of a high energy bond c. membrane polarization d. release of acetylcholine |
shortening of the muscle fiber |
|
|
ATPase is stored in a. the globular portion of the myosin filament b. the actin filament helix c. transverse tubules d. muscle cell cytoplasm |
the globular portion of the myosin filament |
|
|
When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a motor neuron, a. the number of synaptic vesicles increases b. muscle fibers stretch c. calcium ions move out of the cytoplasm of the neuron d. acetylcholine is released |
acetylcholine is released |
|
|
Not using a muscle will result in a. hypertrophy b. atrophy c. dystrophy d. mystrophy |
atrophy |
|
|
During high intensity exercise, muscle fibers rely upon what process for energy a. aerobic respiration b. increased metabolism of glucose c. anaerobic respiration d. increased blood supply |
anaerobic respiration |
|
|
Muscle fatigue may be caused by all of the following except a. lowering of pH due to lactic acid build-up b. interruption of blood supply c. formation of a cramp d. lack of acetylcholine |
formation of a cramp |
|
|
The force a muscle can generate in response to different levels of stimulation is mainly determined by the a. level of stimulation delivered to individual muscle fibers b. number of fibers that respond in each motor unit c. number of motor units receiving a threshold stimulus d. latent period |
number of motor units receiving a threshold stimulus |
|
|
The result of summation and recruitment together is a. hypotonic contraction b. sustained tetanic contraction c. muscle tone d. muscle hypertrophy |
sustained tetanic contraction |
|
|
Muscle tone refers to a. a state of sustained, partial contraction that certain muscles maintain, particularly the postural muscles b. a feeling of well-bring following exercise c. the ability of a muscle to maintain contraction against an outside force d. the condition athletes attain after intensive training |
a state of sustained, partial contraction that certain muscles maintain, particularly the postural muscle |
|
|
Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscle cells a. some are responsive to hormones b. contraction is triggered by an influx of calcium ions c. stimulation by acetylcholine or norepinephrine d. highly organized arrangement of actin and myosin filaments |
highly organized arrangement of actin and myosin filaments |
|
|
Peristalsis is due to which of the following characteristics of smooth muscle a. excitability b. automaticity c. rhythmicity d. lack of innervation |
rhythmicity |
|
|
The rapidity with which an impulse spreads in cardiac muscle is due to a. increased amounts of neurotransmitters b. the presence of striated muscle fibers c. intercalated disks between muscle fibers d. the property of excitability |
intercalated disks between muscle fibers |
|
|
Muscles that assist the prime mover in producing a movement are called a. antagonists b. synergists c. potentiators d. agonists |
synergists |
|
|
Antagonistic muscles a. are always located on the same side of the body as the prime mover b. have different speeds and strengths of contraction c. produce extension rather than abduction d. perform movements opposite to those performed by the prime mover |
perform movements opposite to those performed by the prime mover |
|
|
Muscles that are involved in chewing are attached to the a. maxilla b. mandibular process of the temporal bone c. zygomatic bone d. mandible |
mandible |
|
|
The muscle that compresses the cheeks inward when it contracts is the a. orbicularis oris b. epicranius c. platysma d. buccinator |
buccinator |
|
|
All of the following muscles flex the knee except the a. rectus femoris b. semitendinosus c. semimembranosus d. biceps femoris |
rectus femoris |
|
|
The insertion of the sternocleidomastoid is the a. anterior surface of the sternum b. mastoid process of the temporal bone c. occipital bone d. spinous processes of the lower cervical vertebrae |
mastoid process of the temporal bone |
|
|
The primary flexor of the forearm (at the elbow) is the a. internal oblique b. biceps brachii c. biceps femoris d. triceps brachii |
biceps brachii |
|
|
The shoulder muscle that abducts the upper arm and can both flex and extend the humerus is the a. biceps brachii b. deltoid c. infraspinatus d. supraspinatus |
deltoid |
|
|
Which muscle causes plantar flexion of the foot a. fibularis longus b. fibularis tertius c. tibialis anterior d. extensor digitorum longus |
fibularis longus |
|
|
When a skeletal muscle contracts, the insertion is pulled toward the origin. a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
Layers of connective tissue that extend into muscle and form compartments within the muscle are called fascicles a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
During a tetanic contraction, all motor units in a muscle have been recruited. a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
It is possible for a skeletal muscle to be both synergist and antagonist to another muscle. a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is composed of invaginations of the muscle cell membrane that contain extracellular fluid. a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The severity of muscle strain depends on the number of muscle fibers that are damaged. a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
The motor neuron connects to only a single muscle fiber. a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
During muscle contraction, the heads of myosin cross-bridges attach to actin binding sites bend slightly, pulling the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
An influx of potassium ions into the muscle fiber is responsible for cross-bridging of actin and myosin filaments. a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
Creatine phosphate stores energy that is used to convert ADP to ATP during muscle contraction. a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
Oxygen is stored in muscle tissue in molecules of hemoglobin located near mitochondria. a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
Oxygen debt is only the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid into glucose after strenuous exercise. a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The insertion of the temporalis is the coracoid process of the mandible. a. true b. false |
false |
|
|
The psoas major and iliacus muscles flex the hip. a. true b. false |
true |
|
|
Hematopesis |
Blood Cell Production |
|
|
Myosin |
Consists of two twisted strands with globular heads projected outward along the strands. |
|
|
Actin |
A globular protein put together in twisted filaments, with myosin binding sites |
|
|
What are the functions of muscles? |
Muscle tone, propel body fluids and food, generate the heartbeat, and distribute heat. |
|
|
What are two layers of connective tissue? |
Fascia and Epimysium |
|
|
What are sacromeres? |
Repeating pattern of units |
|
|
Motor Neurons |
Neurons that control effectors |
|
|
What is the functions of the bones and organs of the skeletal system? |
Support and protect softer tissues, provide points of attachment for muscles, house blood-producing cells, and store inorganic salts |
|
|
Intervertebral Discs |
Masses of fibrocartilage |
|
|
Flexion |
Bending the knee |
|
|
Extension |
Straightening the knee |
|
|
Dorsiflexion |
Rocking back on one's heels |
|
|
Plantar Flexion |
Walking or standing on one's toes |
|
|
Hyperextension |
Bending the head back beyond upright position |
|
|
Abduction |
Lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body |
|
|
Adduction |
Returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body |
|
|
Rotation |
Twisting the head from side to side |
|
|
Circumduction |
Moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand |
|
|
Pronation |
In anatomical position
|
