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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sacrum |
5 fused segments |
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Coccyx |
3-5 fused segments |
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Thoracic/sacral |
Kyphosis (Concave forward) Greater height of vertebral bodies posteriorly |
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Cervical/lumbar |
SECONDARY CURVES: develop after birth Lordosis (convex forward) |
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Superior articulate process |
Zygapophysial or facet joints |
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Order spinal cord |
1-anterior longitudinal ligament 2-body 3-posterior longitudinal ligament 4-spinal cord 5-spinous process |
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Vertebral discs |
23 discs 1/4 of the length of the vertebral column Upper thoracic region thinnest 3mm Lumbar region thickest 9mm |
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Disc function |
Stability Shock absorbers Permit small movement between vertebrae adds to wide range of movement |
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Anterior longitudinal ligament |
Occipital bone to upper sacrum Limits extension Attached to discs and margin of vertebrae |
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Posterior longitudinal ligament |
C2 Axis to sacral canal Longitudinal fibers firmly attach to discs and vertebral bodies |
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Ligamenta flava |
Yellow elastic ligaments Lamina to lamina of adjacent vertebrae Strong elastic ligaments permit separation of laminae in flexion and assist in extension Permits separation when bending forward/assist to standing |
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Ligamentum nuchae |
Blends into supraspinous ligament Fibrous septum separating two sides of the neck C7 spine to occipital protuberance |
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Vascular supply of the spinal cord |
Originates from aorta Paired segmental arteries come off aorta (vertebral, posterior intercostal, lumbar, lateral sacral |
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Cervical vertabrae |
Transverse foremen: vertebral artery travels through C3-6:bifold C7: long with vertebra prominens TPs face anterolateral Anterior and posterior tubercles Facet joints are 45 degrees to the horizontal plane Lateral lips form uncinate process |
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Uncovertebral joint |
Luschka’s joint C3-C7 Limit side bending Guide flexion and extension Posterolateral margin of C4 Uncinate process |
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Thoraciccostal |
T1-T12 Costal facets Long spinous process that slant downward Superior facets face posteriorly Inferior facets face anteriorly |
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Costal facets |
T1-T8: 2 costal facets on each body of vertebra T9-T12: 1 costal facet on each body of vertebra T1-T10: 1 costal facet on TP T11-T12: no costal facet |
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Lumbar spine |
L1-L5 Spines are almost horizontal Accessory process and mammillary process Superior facets face posteriomedially Inferior facets face anterolaterally |
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3 Layers of back mm |
Superficial: Ventral Rami trapezius, latissimus dorsi Rhomboid major/minor, locator scapula Intermediate: ventral rami Serrated posterior inferior/superior |
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Deep layers of back mm (Dorsal Rami) |
Superficial oblique: splenius capitus/cervicis Longitudinal: spinalis, iliocostalis, longissimus Deep oblique: semi-spinalis capitus, rotatores, multifidus, obliquus capitus inferior, obliquus capitus superior, rectus capitus posterior minor, rectus capitus posterior major |
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Suboccipital triangle |
Suboccipital nerve Vertebral artery |
