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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What methods are used to collect and count animals and plants? |
Pooters, nets, pitfall traps and quadrats. |
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If you only investigated 5 square metres of the 200 square metre area how would you scale up to find the total population? |
Multiply the numbers you found in 5 square metres by 40. |
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How can you measure the approximate population of a small animal? |
Use capture/recapture method. |
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What is the difference between an ecosystem and a habitat? |
A habitat is the area that something lives in, an ecosystem is the area and all of the interconnected living things. |
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What is the difference between community and population? |
Population relates to one species, community is all of the species living in an area. |
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What is biodiversity? |
The variety of different species living in a habitat. |
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What is a transect line? |
A line drawn across a habitat that allows a more systematic sampling. |
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Give examples of natural and artificial ecosystems: |
Natural- woods and lakes Artificial- forestry plantations and fish farms |
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis? |
Carbon dioxide + water --- glucose + oxygen (light energy and chlorophyll above the arrow) |
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Which chemical is the waste product? |
Oxygen |
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What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis? |
6CO2 + 6H2O ---- C6H12O6 + 6O2 (light energy and chlorophyll above arrow) |
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How did the Greeks think plants grew? |
Plants gained mass by ONLY taking minerals from the soil. |
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What did Van Helmont discover? |
Plant growth cannot just be from the soil nutrients. |
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What did Priestley show? |
Oxygen is made by the plant. |
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How is glucose transported and stored? |
Transported as soluble sugar, stored as insoluble starch. |
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What can glucose and starch be converted to by the plant? |
Used in respiration to release energy, cellulose for cell walls, proteins for growth and repair, starch, fats and oils for storage. |
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Why do plants grow faster in the summer? |
It is warmer and there is more light. |
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How can the rate of photosynthesis be increased? |
More carbon dioxide, more light, higher temperature. |
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What process do plants carry out 24/7 and why? |
Respiration to release energy. |
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Why do only some plants cells have chloroplasts? |
The only cells with them are those that are exposed. |
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What is the chemical inside the chloroplasts and what does it do? |
Chlorophyll - it absorbs the light energy for photosynthesis. |
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Where are the raw materials for photosynthesis entering the plant? |
Carbon dioxide through stomata, water through root hairs. |
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What is the order of the cells layers in a leaf? (top to bottom) |
Cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis - in which are found stomata and vascular bundles are also found in the leaf. |
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Where does the waste product of photosynthesis leave the plant? |
Oxygen exits through the stomata. |
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Why are broad leaves an advantage? |
They capture more light on their larger surface area. |
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Why is being thin a useful adaptation for a leaf? |
It is a shorter distance for the gases to diffuse. |
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What are 3 other adaptations of leaves for efficient photosynthesis? |
Chlorophyll - it absorbs the light energy Vascular bundles - to transport materials Guard cells - to open and close the stomata |
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How do materials move in and out of cells? |
Diffusion |
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What is diffusion? |
Random movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to lower concentrations. |
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What is osmosis? |
Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from areas of high water concentration to areas of low water concentration. It is a specialised form of diffusion. |
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What does partially permeable mean? |
Some materials will flow through and others will not. |
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Why do plants wilt? |
Lack of water. |
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What provides support in a plant cell? |
The cell wall and turgor pressure - water pressure acting against the inelastic cell wall. |
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How does water move in and out of animal cells? |
By osmosis. |
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What happens if animal cells absorb too much water, and if they have too little water? |
Too much and they can burst, too little and they crumple up. |
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What are xylem and what do they do? |
They carry water from the roots to the shoots, transpiration causes this. |
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What do phloem do? |
They move sugars (food) from the leaves to the growing and storage tissues by the process of translocation. |
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What type of systems are the xylem and phloem? |
Continuous in the leaves, stems and roots. |
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What is transpiration? |
Evaporation and diffusion of water from inside the plant leaves. |
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How does an increase in the light intensity affect the rate of transpiration? |
It increases it as the rate of photosynthesis increases and so does the requirement of raw materials. |
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How does an increase in the temperature affect the rate of transpiration? |
It increases it because higher temperature will increase evaporation and photosynthesis. |
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How does an increase in the air movement affect the rate of transpiration? |
It increases it as there is more room for more water to evaporate from the leaf. |
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How does a decrease in humidity affect the transpiration rate? |
It increases it as there is more room for more water to evaporate from the leaf. |
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How do root hairs increase the ability of the root to absorb more water by osmosis? |
The roots have a larger surface area. |
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What are the main uses of the water supplied by transpiration? |
Cooling, photosynthesis, support, movement of minerals. |
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How is water loss reduced? |
A waxy cuticle and few stomata on the top surface. |
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What are the key minerals contained in fertilisers? |
Nitrates, phosphates, potassium and magnesium compounds. |
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What are nitrates and phosphates needed for? |
Proteins for cell growth , phosphates for respiration and growth. |
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What are potassium and magnesium compounds needed for. |
Potassium for respiration and photosynthesis, magnesium for photosynthesis. |
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How can you show the effects of missing minerals? |
Use water only as the growing medium, add all of the minerals except one to each test tube. |
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What do plants suffering from a lack of nitrates and phosphates look like? |
Lack of nitrates causes poor growth and yellow leaves. Lack of phosphates causes poor root growth and discoloured leaves. |
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What does a lack of potassium and magnesium compounds cause? |
Lack of potassium - poor flower and fruit growth and discoloured leaves. Lack of magnesium compounds causes yellow leaves. |
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How are minerals absorbed? |
Dissolved in solution, absorbed by root hairs from the soil. |
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What type of concentrations are the minerals found in soil? |
Very low concentrations |
