Axial Skeleton

Front 1

Tubercle

Back 1

Small rounded projection of process

Front 2

Raised area on or above a condyle

Back 2

Epicondycle

Front 3

Spine

Back 3

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Front 4

Any bony prominence

Back 4

Process

Front 5

Head

Back 5

Bony expansion carried on a neck

Front 6

Condyle

Back 6

Rounded articular projection

Front 7

Groove

Back 7

Furrow

Front 8

Fissure

Back 8

Narrow, slitlike opening

Front 9

Round or oval opening through a bone

Back 9

Foramen

Front 10

Canal-like passageway

Back 10

Meatus

Front 11

Sinus

Back 11

Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Front 12

Fossa

Back 12

Shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Front 13

Any bone that revolves around the center of gravity

Back 13

Axial

Front 14

Symphysis

Back 14

Starts as cartilage, then changes to bone as age increases

Front 15

Types of vertebrae

Back 15

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

Front 16

Number of cervical vertebrae

Back 16

7

Front 17

Number of thoracic vertebrae

Back 17

12

Front 18

Number of lumbar

Back 18

5

Front 19

Smooth and heterogeneous

Back 19

Compact bone

Front 20

Spongy bone

Back 20

Composed of small columns (trabeculae) of bones and lots of open spaces

Front 21

Bones of limbs, appendages

Back 21

Appendicular skeleton

Front 22

Supraorbital foramen

Back 22

Opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

Front 23

Smooth area between the eyes

Back 23

Glabella

Front 24

Parietal bone

Back 24

Form the superior and lateral aspects of the skull

Front 25

Projection that articulates with zygomatic bone, bridgelike

Back 25

Zygomatic arch

Front 26

External acoustic meatus

Back 26

Canal leading to the middle ear and eardrum

Front 27

Needlelike proj. that is attachment point for ligaments and muscles of the neck

Back 27

Styloid process

Front 28

Jugular foramen

Back 28

Where temporal and occipital join, jugular vein and cranial nerves pass through

Front 29

Opening through which internal carotid artery pass into cranial cavity, immediately above jugular foramen

Back 29

Carotid canal

Front 30

Posterior to the external acoustic meatus, an attachment for neck muscles

Back 30

Mastoid process

Front 31

Foramen magnum

Back 31

Large opening at base of skull, allows spinal cord to join with brain stem

Front 32

Projections in line with foramen magnum, articulate with first cervical vertebra

Back 32

Occipital condyle

Front 33

Condyle

Back 33

Where a bone meets a bone

Front 34

Forms posterior part of skull

Back 34

Occipital bone

Front 35

Sphenoid bone

Back 35

Bat shaped, articulates with all other cranial bones, superior to foramen magnum, behind eyes

Front 36

Project laterally from sphenoid, part of middle cranial area, "under"

Back 36

Greater wing

Front 37

Sella turcica

Back 37

Superior surface of body, holds pituitary gland, flat square part

Front 38

Cranial nerve passes through, almost under sella turcica

Back 38

Foramen ovale

Front 39

Optic foramina

Back 39

Above sella turcica, holes into the eyes, at base of lesser wings

Front 40

Anterior cranial area, forms part of septum and nasal cavity

Back 40

Ethmoid bone

Front 41

Crista galli

Back 41

Superior projection, secured the brain within the skull, points up toward frontal bone

Front 42

Very top of the ethmoid bone, top portion of the nasal cavity

Back 42

Cribiform plates

Front 43

Olfactory foramina

Back 43

Holes in the cribriform plates, passage of filaments of cranial nerve

Front 44

Below crista galli, interior projection that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum

Back 44

Perpendicular plate

Front 45

Foramen magnum

Back 45

Large hole in the bottom of the skull

Front 46

Occipital condyle

Back 46

Rounded articular projection, around the foramen magnum

Front 47

Commonly called the cheekbones, part of the lateral orbit

Back 47

Zygomatic bone

Front 48

Sagittal suture

Back 48

Left and right parietal bones meet superiorly in the midline of the cranium

Front 49

Running in the frontal plane, anteriorly where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone

Back 49

Coronal suture

Front 50

Squamous suture

Back 50

Occurs when each parietal bone meets the temporal, on lateral aspect of skull

Front 51

Parietal bones meet occipital bone posteriorly

Back 51

Lambdoid suture

Front 52

Mandible

Back 52

Lower jawbone, articulates with temporal bone, forms only freely movable joints in the skull

Front 53

Articulate with mandibular fossae of the temporal bones

Back 53

Mandibular condyle

Front 54

Mental foramina

Back 54

Paired opening in body lateral to midline, transmit blood vessels and nerves to the lower lip and skin of the chin

Front 55

Atlas vertebrae

Back 55

C1

Front 56

C2 vertebrae

Back 56

Axis

Front 57

Dens

Back 57

Structure that allows the head to pivot

Front 58

Cervical vertebrae

Back 58

Have two holes w/ blood vessels to go through

Front 59

Have triangle shape intervertebral foramina (look like antlers)

Back 59

Lumbar vertebrae

Front 60

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 60

Backs point down, circle intervertebral foramina (have a long neck)

Front 61

Oval intervertebral foramina

Back 61

Cervical vertebrae

Front 62

Body

Back 62

Rounded central portion of vertebra, faces anterior in column

Front 63

Opening enclosed by body and vertebral arch, passageway for spinal cord

Back 63

Vertebral foramen

Front 64

Spinous process

Back 64

Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch

Front 65

Two lateral projections from vertebral arch

Back 65

Transverse processes

Front 66

Superior articular process

Back 66

Face towards spinous process, lateral to vertebral foramen that enables articulations

Front 67

Lateral to vertebral foramen that enables articulation, face anteriorly away from process

Back 67

Inferior articular processes

Front 68

Sacrum

Back 68

Composite bone formed from fusion of five vertebrae, connects with coccyx

Front 69

Remnant of spinous processes of the fused vertebrae

Back 69

Median sacral crest

Front 70

Sacral promontory

Back 70

Anterior border of the body of S1

Front 71

Ridges on the back of sacrum

Back 71

Posterior sacral foramina

Front 72

Anterior sacral foramina

Back 72

Stripes on front of sacral

Front 73

Formed from the fusion of three to five small irregularly shaped vertebrae

Back 73

Coccyx

Front 74

Sternum

Back 74

Breastbone, fusion of manubrium, body and xiphoid process

Front 75

Like knot of a tie, on top of sternum, articulates with the clavicle

Back 75

Manubrium

Front 76

Xiphoid process

Back 76

Inferior end of the sternum

Front 77

Superior part, attaches to clavicle

Back 77

Clavicular notches

Front 78

Sternal angle

Back 78

Where manubrium and sternal plate meet

Front 79

Number of rib pairs

Back 79

12

Front 80

Attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage

Back 80

True ribs

Front 81

False ribs

Back 81

Attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment

Front 82

No sternal attachment, closer to posterior

Back 82

Floating or vertebral ribs

Front 83

Head

Back 83

Attaches to thoracic

Front 84

Bump on side

Back 84

Tubercle

Front 85

Sternal end

Back 85

Connects to hyaline cartilage

Front 86

Always on bottom of rib (on inner part)

Back 86

Costal groove