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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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# bones axial
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80
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# bones appendicular
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126
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paired cranial bones
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temporal
parietal |
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unpaired cranial bones
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temporal
sphenoid occipital ethmoid |
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regions of temporal
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squamous
tympanic mastoid petrous |
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vertebral column breakdown
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• 7 cervical vertebrae of the neck region
• 12 thoracic vertebrae • 5 lumbar vertebrae • Sacrum—5 fused bones • Coccyx—inferior to sacrum |
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nucleus pulposes
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Absorbs compressive stresses
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Sutural Bones
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Irregular in shape, size, and location
• Not all people have sutural bones |
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Sphenoid Bone
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The seat of this “saddle” contains the hypophyseal fossa, which holds the pituitary gland
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sphenoid bone foramen
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rotundum, ovale, spinosum (going posteriolaterally)
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cribiform plate
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in ethmoid bone
contains olfactory foramina |
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crista galli
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in ethmoid bone
attachment for falx cerebri |
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unpaired facial bones
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mandible
vomer |
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paired facial bones
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maxillae
zygomatic nasal lacrimal inferior nasal conchae palatine |
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air-filled sinus locations (4) and characteristics (2)
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frontal
ehtmoid sphenoid maxillary - filled with mucous membrane - lighten skull |
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bones forming orbit walls (7)
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frontal
sphenoid zygomatic maxillary palatine lacrimal ethmoid |
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hyoid bone
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not in contact with any other bone
movable base for tongue |
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breakdown of vertebrae
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7 cervical vertebrae of the neck region
• 12 thoracic vertebrae • 5 lumbar vertebrae • Sacrum—5 fused bones • Coccyx—inferior to sacrum |
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anterior longitudinal ligaments
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wide, attach strongly to boney vertebrae and intervert discs
prevent hyperextension of back |
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posterior longitudinal ligaments
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narrow, weak
attach to intervert discs prevent hyperflexion of back |
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ligamentum flavum
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contains elastic connective tissue
connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae |
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nucleus pulposus
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gelatinous inner sphere
absorbs compressive streses |
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anulus fibrosus
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outer rings: ligament
inner rings: fibrocartilage contain nucleus pulposus |
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atlas
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c1
supports skull allows flexion and extension of neck (nod yes) |
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axis
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c2
has dens- knoblike structure formed by fusion of atlas body and axis rotation (shake head no) |
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facets of interface with ribs
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6- 2 each of inferior costal facet (for head), superior costal facet (for head), and transverse costal facet (for tubercle)
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ribs
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Rib pairs 1-7 (vertebrosternal ribs) - superior
seven pairs of ribs which attach to sternum by costal cartilage • Rib pairs 8-10, (vertebrochondral ribs)— pairs of ribs which attach to the sternum indirectly • Ribs pairs 11–12 (floating ribs) are not attached to the sternum |
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lumbar vertebrae
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bodies: thick/robust
transverse processes: thin/tapered spinous processes: thick/blunt/point posteriorly allows flexion/extension- rotation prevented |
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human body's center of gravity
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1 cm posterior to sacral promontory
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scoliosis
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abnormal lateral curvature, s-spine
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kyphosis
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exaggerated thoracic curvature (hunchback)
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lordosis
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accentuated lumbar curvature
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fontanelle
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unossified remnants of membranes present at birth
skull can be safely compressed going through birth canal replaced by bone in 1year |
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skull/face growth timeline
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• 9 months of age: skull ½ adult size
• 2 years of age: skull ¾ adult size • 8-9 years: cranium almost adult size • 6-13 years: accelerated growth of jaws, cheekbones, large permanent teeth, nose, and paranasal sinuses |
