Avian Aclam Questions

Front 1

Birds belong to what taxonomic class?

Back 1

Class Aves

Front 2

Name 5 orders of birds commonly used in research.

Back 2

Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Passeriformes, Psittaciformes

Front 3

Which order includes chickens, turkeys, and quail?

Back 3

Order Galliformes

Front 4

Which order includes pigeons and doves?

Back 4

Order Columbiformes

Front 5

What is the genus & species of the domestic chicken?

Back 5

Gallus domesticus

Front 6

What breed/strain of chicken is a model of vitiligo?

Back 6

Smyth Chicken

Front 7

What breed/strain of chicken is a model of scleroderma?

Back 7

White Leghorn

Front 8

What breed/strain of chicken is a model of Hashimotos thyroiditis?

Back 8

Obese strain (OS)

Front 9

What breed/strain of chicken is a model of hereditary muscular dystrophy?

Back 9

New Hampshire

Front 10

What is the genus and species of the Japanese quail?

Back 10

Coturnix cotunix japonica

Front 11

What is the genus and species of the turkey?

Back 11

Meleagris gallopavo

Front 12

What disease in turkeys is a model for congestive cardiomyopathy in humans?

Back 12

Round Heart Disease of turkeys

Front 13

What is the genus and species of the duck?

Back 13

Anas platyrynchos

Front 14

What is the Guide recommendation for floor area for the pigeon?

Back 14

0.8 square feet

Front 15

What is the Guide recommendation for floor are for the following sized chickens(in sq.ft)?
a. < .25 kg _____________
b. Up to .5 kg _____________
c. Up to 1.5 kg ____________
d. Up to 3.0 kg ______________
e. > 3.0 kg _________________

Back 15

a. .25
b. .50
c. 1.00
d. 2.00
e. >3.00

Front 16

What is the Guide recommended temperature range for farm animals and poultry?
_______________ degrees Celsuis; ______________ degrees Fahrenheit

Back 16

16-27; 61-81

Front 17

Which of the following is the most appropriate incubation period (in days) for chicken and pigeon eggs, respectively?
a. 21 and 12-15
b. 28 and 12-15
c. 21-28 and 27-28
d. 21 and 17
e. 28 and 18

Back 17

D

Front 18

What avian cell is larger than any other single cell in any animal?

Back 18

The primary oocyte

Front 19

In most female birds, what side of the reproductive tract is functional?

Back 19

The left side

Front 20

What part of the female reproductive tract of birds is often referred to as the uterus?

Back 20

The shell gland

Front 21

What is the etiology agent of Fowl Cholera?

Back 21

Pasteurella multocida

Front 22

What is the etiological agent of Necrotic Enteritis?

Back 22

Clostridium perfringens

Front 23

What is the common name for Botulism( Clostridium botulinum) in birds?

Back 23

Limberneck (also Western Duck Sickness)

Front 24

What is the etiologic agent of Red Skin Disease?

Back 24

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Front 25

What avian species is primarily affected by Red Skin Disease?

Back 25

Turkeys

Front 26

What species of Salmonella is most commonly associated with parathyroid infection?

Back 26

S. typhimurium

Front 27

What is the etiologic agent of Pullorum Disease?

Back 27

Salmonella pullorum

Front 28

In very extremely elementary, don’t think too hard, incredibly simple terms, describe the mortality associated with Pullorum Disease in young chicks and poults?

Back 28

It is very high

Front 29

What is the etiologic agent of Fowl Typhoid?

Back 29

Salmonella gallinarum

Front 30

What is the etiologic agent of Avian Mycoplasmosis, Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in chickens, PPLO Infection, and Infectious Sinusitis of Turkeys?

Back 30

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Front 31

What is the etiologic agent of Infectious Synovitis?

Back 31

Mycoplasma synoviae

Front 32

“Musky Chick Disease” refers to what condition?

Back 32

Omphalitis (Navel Ill)

Front 33

What is the etiologic agent of Infectious Coryza?

Back 33

Haemophilus paragallinarum

Front 34

Ornithiosis refers to infection with what organism?

Back 34

Chlamydophila psittaci

Front 35

Name two stains that can be used to diagnose Ornithosis?

Back 35

Maciavello and Giemsa

Front 36

Name the forms of Fowl Pox?

Back 36

Cutaneous and Wet (Diphtheritic)

Front 37

What avian disease can be diagnosed by demonstration of Bollinger bodies?

Back 37

Fowl Pox

Front 38

Infectious Laryngotracheitis is caused by a virus in the family _______, and subfamily _______.

Back 38

Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae

Front 39

The presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in tracheal epithelium is pathognomic for what disease?

Back 39

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Front 40

Newcastle Disease is a member of the viral family _____________________.

Back 40

Paramyxoviridae

Front 41

What are the three forms of Newcastle Disease, and which is the most severe?
_________________, _________________________, ______________________.

Back 41

lentogenic, mesogenis, and velogenic; velogenic is most severe

Front 42

Fowl plague, also termed _____________ ___________, is an Orthomyxovirus.

Back 42

Avian Influenza

Front 43

What viral family causes Infectious Bronchitis?

Back 43

Coronoviridae

Front 44

Avian Encephalomyelitis (Epidemic tremor) is caused by a member of what viral family?

Back 44

Picornaviridae

Front 45

Viral Arthritis and Tenosynovitis are caused by what family of virus?

Back 45

Reoviridae

Front 46

What type of herpes virus causes Marek’s Disease?

Back 46

Alphaherpesvirus

Front 47

What is the primary differential for Marek’s Disease?

Back 47

Lymphoid Leukosis

Front 48

What viral family does EEE belong to?

Back 48

Togaviridae

Front 49

What viral family includes the etiologic agent of Lymphoid Leukosis?

Back 49

Retroviridae

Front 50

Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro Disease) is caused by a member of the family __________?

Back 50

Birnaviridae

Front 51

What is the primary target of Infectious Bursal Disease?

Back 51

The cloacal bursa

Front 52

Infectious Anemia of Poultry ( Chick anemia agent) is caused by a virus in the family ___________, a single stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus.

Back 52

Circoviridae

Front 53

What parasite contains the causative agent of Blackhead(Infectious Enterhepatitis)?

Back 53

Heterakis gallinarum

Front 54

What is the causative agent of Blackhead? What type of organism is this agent?

Back 54

Histomonas meleagridis, protozoan

Front 55

What is the causative agent of Turkey malaria and how is it transmitted to susceptible turkeys, chickens and other birds?

Back 55

Leukocytozoon smithi

Front 56

What is the genus and species of the Gapeworm?

Back 56

Syngamus trachea

Front 57

You have found a chicken with roundworms infestation. What is the likely genus and species? You have found a pigeon with the same condition, What is the likely genus and species?

Back 57

Ascaridia galli; Ascaridia columbae

Front 58

“Hairworm and “Cropworm” infestation refer to infestation of what parasite?

Back 58

Capillaria

Front 59

The most important external parasite of caged layers and breeding chickens is ______________________ (genus and species), also known as _______________________(common name).

Back 59

Ornithonysus sylviarum; Northern Fowl Mite

Front 60

What is the genus and species of the scaly leg mite?

Back 60

Knemidokoptes mutans

Front 61

Where on the body does the scaly leg mite primary live?

Back 61

unfeathered skin, often on the shanks and feet

Front 62

What etiologic agent causes brooder pneumonia?

Back 62

Aspergillus fumigatus

Front 63

What condition causes “Crazy Check Disease”?

Back 63

Vitamin E deficiency

Front 64

What condition(s) is/are the main cause(s) of Perosis(slipped tendon)?

Back 64

Mainly due to deficiency of manganese or choline

Front 65

What type of crystals are involved in articular gout?

Back 65

uric acid crystals

Front 66

Pigeon genus and species?

Back 66

Columba livia

Front 67

What are the three most common orders of avians used in research?

Back 67

Galliformes, Anseriformes and Columbiformes are phylums/class/order/genus of avians?

Front 68

Birds have ________ bones.

Back 68

pneumatic

Front 69

What is the organ of mastication in the bird?

Back 69

gizzard

Front 70

Birds have a dilatation in the midesophagus called a _____.

Back 70

crop

Front 71

Only the left/right ovary and oviduct is functional in the hen.

Back 71

left

Front 72

Coligranuloma (________ Disease) is caused by what organism? Differential diagnosis?

Back 72

Hjarre's disease: E. coli Diff diag ---- TB

Front 73

What org (same genus, different species) causes gangrenous dermatitis, necrotic enteritis, ulcerative enteritis (Quail Disease) and Limberneck?

Back 73

Clostridium ---C. septicum, C.perfringens, C. colinum, C.botulinum in that order

Front 74

What organism causes infectious Coryza? What are the staining characteristics of the organism?

Back 74

Hemophilus paragallinarum, gram negative, bipolar rod

Front 75

The bird most commonly affected by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the ________. Clinical signs?

Back 75

turkey; clinical signs -----depression, diarrhea, lameness, snood of male turkey is swollen

Front 76

Match organism with disease:
a. fowl cholera a. S. gallinarum
b. fowl typhoid b. S. pullorum
c. paratyphoid c. Pasteurella multocida
d. pullorum disease d. S. typhimurium, et al

Back 76

a. fowl cholera - P. multocida
b. fowl typhoid - S. gallinarum
c. paratyphoid - S. typhimurium, et al
d. pullorum disease - S. pullorum

Front 77

Avian TB is primarily respiratory or gastrointestinal?

Back 77

Gastrointestinal - Emaciation, diarrhea, lameness pale combs, wattles, nodules in intestines, liver & spleen

Front 78

What is CRD? PPLO? Causative agent?

Back 78

Chronic Resp Disease; Pleuro Pneumonia Like Org; Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Front 79

What is the route of transmission for Mycoplasma meleagridis?

Back 79

EGG

Front 80

What is the cause of ornithosis in poultry? The organism forms ICIB or INIB's in what organs?

Back 80

Chlamydia psittaci; ICIB in air sacs, spleen, and/or liver

Front 81

What type of inclusions are pathognomonic for "Inclusion Body Hepatitis"?

Back 81

Cowdry Type A intranuclear inclusions in hepatic cells - Adenovirus

Front 82

Adenovirus strain CELO causes high mortality in quail. What does CELO stand for?

Back 82

Chick Embryo Lethal Orphan

Front 83

What is the causative agent of "Marble Spleen Disease" in pheasants?

Back 83

Adenovirus - INIB in the spleen are pathognomonic

Front 84

What causes infectious bronchitis? Effected organ system?

Back 84

coronavirus; respiratory system

Front 85

What is ILT? Cause? Effected System?

Back 85

infectious laryngotracheitis; herpesvirus - Respiratory System

Front 86

You have high mortality in young chicks with resp and CNS signs and the laying hens are laying white instead of the normally brown eggs? What is the Suspected Disease?

Back 86

Newcastle Disease

Front 87

What is the causative agent of Newcastle Disease?

Back 87

paramyxovirus

Front 88

What are the strains of Newcastle virus?

Back 88

lentogenic, mesogenic, velogenic --- velogenic most pathogenic

Front 89

What are the two forms of Fowl pox? Pathognomonic lesion?

Back 89

Cutaneous Pox and Wet Pox; Eosinophilic ICIB (Bollinger bodies with elementary bodies - Borrel bodies) in cutaneous and oral lesions.

Front 90

Fowl plague is caused by what viral agent?

Back 90

Influenza virus - orthomyxovirus

Front 91

Causative of Marek's Disease? Differential Diagnosis?

Back 91

Herpesvirus; ; diff - lymphoid leukosis

Front 92

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of Marek's Disease? a. paralysis of wings & legs b. gray eye w/irregular pupil c. swollen feather follicles d. visceral tumors e. all of the above are clinical signs

Back 92

e. all of the above are clinical signs

Front 93

How is Marek's disease transmitted?

Back 93

lateral via dander

Front 94

Cause of Lymphoid Leukosis?

Back 94

retrovirus

Front 95

Marek's disease or Lymphoid Leukosis occurs in birds less than 16 weeks?

Back 95

Marek's disease

Front 96

Infectious Bursal Disease or _____________ is caused by what type of virus?

Back 96

Gumboro Disease; family - Birnaviridae (RNA)

Front 97

Chick anemia virus or infectious anemia of poultry is caused by a DNA/RNA virus of the _________ family?

Back 97

DNA virus - Circoviridae

Front 98

What genus of coccidia affect birds? Differential diagnosis?

Back 98

Eimeria. Diff Diag:---- Salmonella & Histomoniasis, ulcerative and necrotic enteritis (Clostridium)

Front 99

Which Eimeria species causes "Bloody Coccidiosis"? a. E. acervulina b. E. necatrix c. E. maxima d. E. brunetti e. E. tenella

Back 99

e. E. tenella

Front 100

What is the causative agent of Blackhead? How is it transmitted?

Back 100

Histomoniasis meleagridis a protozoan flagellate in cecal lumen. 1. Fecal-oral; 2. ova of cecal worm Heterakis gallinarum; 3. earthworms with infected Heterakis larvae

Front 101

What is the oral protozoa of pigeons?

Back 101

Trichomonas gallinae

Front 102

What is the roundworm infecting chickens?

Back 102

Ascaris galli

Front 103

What are hairworms in chickens?

Back 103

Capillaria obsignata

Front 104

What nematode causes severe respiratory disease in game birds?

Back 104

gapeworm --- Syngamus trachea

Front 105

What fungus causes brooder pneumonia? Clinical signs?

Back 105

Aspergillosis (Asp fumigatus); resp signs, CNS sometimes; blindness if org in anterior chamber of eye.

Front 106

Causative agent of crop mycosis?

Back 106

Candida albicans

Front 107

Diets made with this grain_______ can be deficient in Vitamin _____. Histo includes squamous metaplasia.

Back 107

stored corn, Vit A

Front 108

What Vitamin Deficiency causes Crazy Chick Disease or encephalomalacia?

Back 108

Vit E Def

Front 109

Vitamin E Deficiency is observed in feeds high in ______________ fats.

Back 109

polyunsaturated or rancid fats

Front 110

Biotin deficiency is due to the addition of ________ to the diet.

Back 110

Egg white - contains avidin - makes sense since we see strepavidin or avidin/biotin in so many diagnositc tests.

Front 111

Hereditary Muscular Dystrophy is seen in what two poultry breeds?

Back 111

22 - New Hampshire chickens, autosomal recessive, Atrophy, phagocytosis and fatty degeneration of the pectoralis muscle 337 - White Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchus) show difficulty in walking within two days.

Front 112

What is the poultry cardiomyopathy model?

Back 112

49 - S - Congestive Cardiomyopathy (CCM) - Round Heart Disease (RHD) of Turkeys (Broad-Breasted Turkeys - BBT) - 50% incidence in inbred flock of turkeys with broad breasts

112 - Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency - Round Heart Disease of Turkeys - similar to congestive cardiopathy in man, heart enlarged, dilated right or both ventricles, wall of the ventricles is thinner than normal, mortality is 15 - 20% in poults 2 - 10 weeks,

Front 113

Spontaneous, hereditary autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) similiar to Hashimoto Thyroiditis occurs in what breed of chicken?

Back 113

85 - of Obese Strain (OS) Chickens - Obese Strain (OS) chickens, B-cell mediated. Autosomal polygenetic dominant trait. Associated with hypothyroidism.

Front 114

Amyloidosis in the White Pekin Duck is seen most frequently in what two locations?

Back 114

174 - Amyloidosis in the spleen and adrenals, stain with thioflavin-S

Front 115

What is the syndrome analogous to tibial syndrome in military personnel that occurs in poultry.

Back 115

224 - March Gangrene - Deep pectoral myopathy, Oregon disease, Green muscle disease in broilers. 40% of turkeys and 19% of chicken broilers exposed to stress.

Front 116

T/F Avian osteopetrosis is the result of defective osteoclasis and is a metaphyseal sclerosis

Back 116

False - 246 - Skeletal Hyperostoses - Viral Induction of Avian Osteopetrosis - chicken, Gallus domesticus, Avian osteopetrosis is the result of excessive osteoblast proliferation and is mid diaphyseal

Front 117

Birds are defective in what clotting factor?

Back 117

Avians and reptiles do not have factor XII Fas 263 - Human Dz: Hageman Trait - Animal Model: Factor XII Deficiency in Domestic Cats - Factor XII occurs in the plasma of all mammals except the Cetacea family(dolphins, porpoises, killer whales).

Front 118

Atherosclerosis is induced White Leghorn Chickens with what agent?

Back 118

338 - Atherosclerosis Induced by Marek's Disease Herpesvirus Infection in White Leghorn Chickens

Front 119

What is the avian model for Vitiligo?

Back 119

347 - Vitiligo - Smyth Chicken, vit/vit mouse, Sinclair Minature Pig, and grey horse, Human disease: discrete areas of hypopigmentation, both in the skin and ocular that results from a progressive loss of melanocytes

Front 120

White Leghorn Chicken with a progressive connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and often internal organs are a model of what human disease?

Back 120

323 - Progressive Systemic Scleroderma - Scleroderma in Chickens - White Leghorn Chicken, Progressive Systemic Scleroderma (PSS)

Front 121

The abnormal curvature, either laterally or anterio-posteriorly of the vertebral column is called ________.

Back 121

333 - Scoliosis - animal model: Scoliosis in Chickens

Front 122

____________ in man is a myopathic condition in which the sternocleidomastoid muscle shows evidence of myositis myodegeneration, fibrosis, and to some degree regeneration of muscle.

Back 122

314 - Torticollis - animal model: Torticollis in White Pekin Ducks

Front 123

T/F Avian osteomyelitis experimentally induced by Staphylococcus is similar to human osteomyelitis.

Back 123

True 313 - Acute Haemotogenous Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis in Chickens

Front 124

Organ of mastication in the bird?

Back 124

Gizzard

Front 125

Birds do/don’t have a diaphragm and they do/don’t have vocal cords.

Back 125

NO diaphragm, and NO vocal cords (do have larynx)

Front 126

Avian TB is primarily respiratory or gastrointestinal, Clinical Signs?

Back 126

Gastrointestinal - Emaciation, diarrhea, lameness pale combs, wattles, nodules in intestines, liver & spleen

Front 127

Birds posses T cells for cell mediated immunity, which are made in the Thymus and they also posses B cells for antibody mediated immunity however these are produced and mature in the ______________.

Back 127

Bursa of Fabricius

Front 128

Why are IP injections not recommended in birds?

Back 128

Presence of air sacs throughout body cavity

Front 129

What are conditionally acceptable methods of euthanasia in birds?

Back 129

Maceration, cervical dislocation, decapitation, N2, Argon, thoracic decompression. Reference- 2007 AVMA Euthanasia Report

Front 130

What are acceptable methods of euthanasia in birds?

Back 130

Barbiturates, inhalants, CO2, CO, gunshot. Reference- 2007 AVMA Euthanasia

Front 131

Maceration is listed as a conditionally acceptable method of euthanasia in what type (age) of birds?

Back 131

Pipped eggs, poults, day old chicks. Reference- 2007 AVMA Euthanasia Repo

Front 132

__________is a herpesvirus induced neoplastic disease of chickens characterized by infiltration of various nerve trunk and organs with pleomorphic lymphoid cells. It can cause transient flaccid paralysis of the neck and limbs (11 wk pullet) and you may see skin lymphomas (legs).

Back 132

Marek’s Disease

Front 133

___________disease infects a variety of avian species causing a disease of considerable agricultural and economic significance. One may see nervous symptoms in 5 weeks old broiler (torticollis) or diphtheriod inflammation of the Peyer’s patches (intestinal lymphoid tissue) that later turns ulcerative.

Back 133

Newcastle

Front 134

T or F- Birds have only air sacs and no lungs?

Back 134

F- birds have both air sacs and lungs

Front 135

T or F- Male birds have an os penis?

Back 135

False- not a “true penis” or os penis. Actually males have phallic bodies of the cloaca that
swell during mating and they discharge semen onto protruded oviduct

Front 136

T or F- fertilization of the egg occurs in the magnus?

Back 136

F- Fertilization occurs in the infundibulum; albumin added to egg in magnus

Front 137

On a bird, what purpose does the brood patch serve?

Back 137

Area on a bird's abdomen when feathers are lost it becomes Engorged blood vessels (breeding season). When patch is next to the eggs, it transfers warmth of the parent (If male assists in incubation they too can develop a brood patch) p 862 Clinical Avian Medicine.

Front 138

What avian nematode is also termed “gapeworm or redworm”?

Back 138

Syngamus trachea

Front 139

In terms of polyclonal antibody production in chickens, an immunized hen’s egg has more or less IgY (progenitor of IgG) Ab than that of immunized rabbit serum?

Back 139

Yolk from an immunized hen has 4X- 10X IgY AB than serum from a immunized rabbit. Advantages include: Ab persists in hen for about 1 month; IgM (egg white) IgY/G (egg yolk) with same specificity; Storage of eggs up to several months refrigerated; Using few animals and little manipulation. ILAR journal Volume 46, Number 3 2005- Refinement of Polyclonal Antibody Production by Combining Oral Immunization of Chickens with Harvest of Antibodies from the Egg Yolk

Front 140

Feather pecking and cannibalism in poultry and other captive birds are examples of common/uncommon and persistent behavioral abnormalities that have a single/ multifactorial causes.

Back 140

Feather pecking and cannibalism in poultry and other captive birds are examples of common and persistent behavioral abnormalities that have multifactoral causes.

Front 141

T or F- Feather pecking is the pecking and tearing of the skin and underlying tissues of another bird?

Back 141

false- Feather pecking is the pecking and pulling at the feathers of another bird, cannabilism = is the pecking and tearing of the skin and underlying tissues of another bird. BB pg. 1253.

Front 142

T or F- In terms of occurrence of feather pecking and cannibalism in captive birds and poultry, the presence of litter material for foraging, dustbathing, and exploring has been shown to have little impact on the incidence.

Back 142

FALSE- In terms of occurrence of feather pecking and cannibalism in captive birds and poultry, the presence of litter material for foraging, dustbathing, and exploring has been shown to have PATICULAR IMPORTANCE on the incidence

Front 143

Which of the following has not been shown to influence the incidence of feather pecking and cannibalism in captive birds and poultry?

a. light intensity
b. seasonal weather
c. housing system
d. group size
e. strain of animal

Back 143

B. BB pg. 1253

Front 144

Name some laboratory animal species that harbor natural Chlamydial infections:

Back 144

Birds, mice, GPs, hamsters, rabbits, ruminants, swine, cats, ferrets, muskrats, and frogs

Front 145

Of the list above, what host species with what infection have proven to be the most frequent source of virulent human infection?

Back 145

Birds, particularly psittacines, with Chlamydophila psittaci BB pg. 1077

Front 146

Chlamydial infections are spread to humans from infectious material present in?

a. exudates
b. secretions
c. dessicated fecal material
d. aerosol
e. all of the above

Back 146

E. BB pg. 1077

Front 147

________ infection is an important feature of epizootology of the Chlamyadiophila psittaci infection in birds. This term is defined by stress causing a reactive shedding of organisms and clinical signs.

Back 147

Latent. BB pg. 1077

Front 148

Name the three most common sites for blood collection in avian species:

Back 148

Brachial v. of the wing, jugular v, and heart. BB pg. 1012

Front 149

Which jugular v. R or L, is usually larger in birds?

Back 149

Right is usually largest in birds. BB pg. 1012