Autonomic Nervous System: Anatomy 205 Calvin College

Front 1

ANS

Back 1

function - regulation of activity, not initiation of activity
branches - sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 2

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 2

- arises from the thoracolumbar portion of the spinal cord
- short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons
- more diffuse than specific
- "fight or flight" or "emergency"
- postganglionic transmitter is epinephrine or norepinephrine

Front 3

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 3

-arises from the brain and the sacral portion of the cord
- long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons, ganglion is near effector
- parasympathetic response is more specific
-function is vegetative or maintenance
- postganglionic transmitter is acetylcholine

Front 4

ganglion

Back 4

synapses between the two neurons

Front 5

preganglionic neuron

Back 5

from CNS to ganglion

Front 6

postganglionic neuron

Back 6

from the ganglion to the effector

Front 7

acetylcholine

Back 7

released from all preganglionic neurons

Front 8

sensory receptor

Back 8

"structure" that is specialized to respond to changes (stimuli) in the environment

Front 9

Receptors

Back 9

modified dendritic endings or actual discrete structures

Front 10

Adaptation

Back 10

decreased response to a constant stimulus, all receptors adapt except pain

Front 11

exteroceptor

Back 11

sensitive to external environment

Front 12

interoceptor

Back 12

sensitive to internal environment

Front 13

proprioceptor

Back 13

special type of receptor located in tendons, muscle, and joints

Front 14

pain receptors

Back 14

sensitive to "painful" stimulus

Front 15

thermoreceptor

Back 15

sensitive to heat, or temp

Front 16

mechanoreceptor

Back 16

sensitive to mechanical energy

Front 17

chemoreceptor

Back 17

sensitive to chemicals, carotid sinus, aortic arch

Front 18

stretch receptor

Back 18

stretch receptors

Front 19

photoreceptor

Back 19

sensitive to light energy

Front 20

baroreceptor

Back 20

sensitive to pressure

Front 21

proprioceptor

Back 21

changes in position, tendons, and joints

Front 22

free dendritic endings in skin

Back 22

respond to pain and touch

Front 23

root hair plexus

Back 23

wrapped around hair follicle, responds to hair movement

Front 24

pacinian corpuscle

Back 24

lamellated like an onion, responds to pressure

Front 25

somatic senses

Back 25

widespread, simple
touch, pressure, pain, temperature, position

Front 26

special senses

Back 26

receptors are more complex
olfacation, taste, sight, hearing, equilibrium (static, dynamic)

Front 27

Olfactory epithelium

Back 27

located in roof of nasal cavity just beneath cribriform plate

Front 28

olfactory receptors

Back 28

from cranial nerve 1
many categories of odors
Cranial nerve 1 passes through cribriform foramina to syanape on olfactory bulb

Front 29

non-neural cells

Back 29

located in olfactory epithelium that support olfactory receptors, also ones that support taste cells

Front 30

papillae

Back 30

small raised bumps on the surface of the tongue

Front 31

microvilli

Back 31

hairs that project from taste cells through taste pore in taste bud

Front 32

axons

Back 32

arise from base of taste cell to brain

Front 33

taste buds

Back 33

receive taste sensations, found on the papillae

Front 34

sweet receptors

Back 34

located primarily on tip of tongue

Front 35

bitter receptors

Back 35

located primarily on back of tongue

Front 36

sour receptors

Back 36

primarily on sides of tongue

Front 37

salty receptors

Back 37

primarily on sides and tip of tongue