Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

Peripheral nervous system is divided into which two groups

Back 1

somatic and autonomic

Front 2

Somatic

Back 2

sensory neurons: senses

motor neurons: voluntary muscle contractions

Front 3

autonomic nervous system

Back 3

sensory neurons: monitor internal environment (chemo/mechanoreceptors)

motor neurons: involuntary regulation of visceral activities

Front 4

which nervous system

Back 4

somatic

Front 5

autonomic nervous system is divided in two

Back 5

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Front 6

Sympathetic

Back 6

"fight or flight", increases alertness and metabolic activity

Front 7

Parasympathetic

Back 7

"rest and digest", conserves energy and nutrients

Front 8

Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons leave from

Back 8

the thoracolumbar area of the spinal cord

Front 9

where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons leave from

Back 9

leave from the craniosacral areas of the spinal cord

Front 10

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons must travel where before reaching the effector cell?

Back 10

sympathetic trunk ganglion

Front 11

sympathetic responses

Back 11

pupils dilate, increase heart rate and contraction, dilation of airways, blood vessels constrict to: kidneys and GI tract, blood vessels dilate to: skeletal muscles, heart, liver, adipose tissue, glycogenolysis: liver releases glucose

Front 12

parasympathetic response

Back 12

decreased heart rate, decrease in airway diameter, constriction of pupils, increased salivation, lacrimation (tears), urination, digestion, defecation

Front 13

what do cholinergic neurons release

Back 13

acetylcholine

Front 14

two types of receptors (sympathetic) at the preganglionic neuron

Back 14

nicotinic and muscarinic

Front 15

Ach is degraded by which enzyme?

Back 15

acetylcholinerase

Front 16

effect of nicotine binding to nicotinic receptors in the PNS

Back 16

excessive release of NE and EPI cause increase in HR and BP

Front 17

effect of nicotine binding to nicotinic receptors in the CNS

Back 17

stimulates dopaminergic (pleasure)

addiction begins due to down regulation of nicotinic receptors

Front 18

effect of muscarine binding to the muscarinic receptors in the PNS

Back 18

MAGIC SHROOMS, blurred vision, excessive salvation, increased sweating, bradycardia, cramping, diarrhea

Front 19

what is an example of a muscarinic antagonist and what is it used for

Back 19

Atropine, used for pupil dilation, IBS as it relaxes the hyper mobile bowel

Front 20

cholinergic receptors

Back 20

nicotinic and muscarinic, integral proteins in the postsynaptic membrane activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholinerase

Front 21

locations of nicotinic and its effects

Back 21

Located: chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla: episode and nonepi secretion, sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers: excitation and contraction, plasma membrane of postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons: excitation impulses in postganglionic neurons.

Front 22

locations of muscarinic and effects

Back 22

sweat glands-> increased sweating

innervated by the parasympathetic neurons: sometimes excitations, sometimes inhibition

skeletal muscle blood vessels (cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic neurons): inhibition-relaxation-vasodilation

Front 23

what do adrenergic neurons release?

Back 23

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 24

chromaffin cell in adrenal medulla release what % of what

Back 24

80% epinephrine, 20% Norepinephrine

Front 25

2 types of adrenergic receptors

Back 25

Alpha and Beta

Front 26

Types of alpha receptors

Back 26

a1: excitation

a2: inhibition

Front 27

Two types of Beta receptors

Back 27

B1: excitation B2: inhibition

Front 28

Noepinephrine stimulates which adrenergic receptor stronger

Back 28

Alpha

Front 29

Epinephrine stimulate which adrenergic receptor stronger

Back 29

both equally

Front 30

Alpha 1 adrenergic (excitation) location + action

Back 30

smooth muscle fibers (vasoconstriction)

eye (dilation)

sphincter muscles: close

sweat glands: increased sweating

Front 31

Alpha 2 adrenergic (inhibitory) location + action

Back 31

pancreas (inhibits digestive enzymes)`

Front 32

Beta 1 adrenergic (excitation) location + action

Back 32

cardiac muscle (increased force + rate of contraction)

kidney and pituitary (hormone secretion to save water)

adipose tissue (breakdown of triglycerides and FA release)

Front 33

Beta 2 adrenergic (inhibitory) location + action

Back 33

smooth muscle in airways (relaxation)

smooth muscle in blood of heart/adipose/skeletal muscle (relaxation)

radial muscle of eye (dilates pupil)

liver cells (glycogenolysis)

Front 34

agonist

Back 34

mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter

Front 35

example of an agonist

Back 35

phenylephrine (A1 agonist), constricts blood vessels in nasal mucosa = reducing mucous production

Front 36

examples of high blood pressure meds

Back 36

propranolol: blocks B1 and B2 adrenergic receptors, B1 reduces HR and force of contraction

Front 37

undesired effects of blood pressure meds

Back 37

blocks B2 which results in reduced glycogen breakdown (low blood sugar), bronchoconstriction, example of a better med is metoprolol which selectively blocks B1

Front 38

Autonomic tone

Back 38

balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, regulated by hypothalamus, structure which receive only sympathetic innervation: sweat, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, spleen, most blood vessels, adrenal meduallae