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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Groups of cell bodies in the CNS are called
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ganglions
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_____ neurons stimulates contraction of skeletal muscle
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Somatic
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_____ _____ neurons stimulates/inhibits contraction of smooth, cardiac muscles and secretion of glands
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autonomic motor
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Cell bodies within the CNS conduct nerve impulses along a single axon to _____ _____
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skeletal muscles
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ANS has 2 neurons in its efferent pathway which are
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preganglionic neuron, has cell body in brain or spinal cord
and synapses with 2nd neuron postganglionic neuron |
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What are the effector organs in the somatic motor
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skeletal muscle
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What the effector organs in the Autonomic motor?
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Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
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Is there presence of ganglia in the somatic motor?
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No ganglia
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Is there presence of ganglia in the autonomic motor?
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cell bodies of postganglionic autonomic fibers located in paravertabral and terminal ganglia
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In Somatic Motor how many neurons from CNS to effector?
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One
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In Autonomic Motor how many neurons from CNS to effector?
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Two
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Effect of nerve impulses on muscle in Somatic Motor
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excitatory
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Effect of nerve impulse on muscle in autonomic motor
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Either excitatory or inhibitory
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The effect of denervation on Somatic Motor
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flaccid paralysis and atrophy
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The effect of denervation on autonomic motor
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muscle tone and function persist, target cells show denervation hypersensitivity
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Somatic motor nerve fibers fast or slow?
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Fast conducting, thick (9-13um) and myelinated
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Autonomic motor nerve fibers fast or slow?
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slow conducting, preganglionic fibers lightly myelinated but thin (3um) postganglionic fibers unmyelinated and very thin (1.0um)
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Is preganglionic nerve fibers long or short?
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long
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Is postganglionic nerve fibers long or short?
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short
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Adrenal Medulla
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modified by sympathetic ganglion
secretory cells modified postganglionics release epi into blood in response preganglionic stimulation During mass activation of sympathetic system adrenal is activated releasing epi and norepi |
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Sympathetic mediates
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fight, flight, or stress
norepi from post ganglionic fibers epi from from adrenal medulla |
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Parasympathetic mediates
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rest and digest
ACh from postganglionic fibers |
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where do preganglionic neurons originate?
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Spinal cord between thoracic and lumbar levels
synapse with postganglionic neurons whose cell bodies are located in sympathetic region |
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What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the Iris?
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sympathetic is dilation of pupil
parasympathetic constriction of pupil |
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on ciliary muscle
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sympathetic relaxation (for far vision)
parasympathetic contraction (near vision) |
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on sweat glands
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sympathetic - stimulation of secretion
parasympathetic- increased secretions, saliva becomes thin |
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on sweat glands
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sympathetic - stimulation of secretion
parasympathetic- none |
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on salivary
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sympathetic - salivary becomes thick
parasympathetic- increased salvation salivary becomes thin |
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on mucous glands
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sympathetic - inhibition of secretion
parasympathetic- stimulation of secretion |
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on Pancreas
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sympathetic - inhibition of exocrine secretions
parasympathetic - stimulation of exocrine fibers |
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on Penis
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sympathetic - ejaculation
parasympathetic - erection (due to vasodilation) |
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Where do preganglionic neurons originate?
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Spinal cord between thoracic and lumbar levels
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Where do preganglionic neurons synapse?
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synapse with postganglionic neurons whose cell bodies are located in sympathetic ganglia
synapse in collateral ganglia secrete epi some innervate adrenal medulla |
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Adrenergic Effects
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.stimulation of heart rate
.bronchodialation .increase blood flow to skeletal muscle .vasoconstriction in viscera and skin .glycogenolsis in liver dilation of pupils |
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Adrenergic Effects
9 effects of sympathetic nervous system) |
.stimulation of heart rate
.bronchodialation .increase blood flow to skeletal muscle .vasoconstriction in viscera and skin .glycogenolsis in liver dilation of pupils |
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What do Symp and Parasymp release?
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ACh
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What do Parasym postganglionic release?
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Cholinergic
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What do symp postganglionics release?
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Norepi
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What do postganglionic secrete?
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ACh
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What does cholinergic secrete?
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ACh
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What does post sympathetic secrete?
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Norepi
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Post ganglionic have unusual synapses called _____
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varicosities
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Drugs that promote actions of a NT are ____
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agonists
(bind and activate) |
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Drugs that inhibit actions of a NT are _____
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antagonists
(block neurotransmitter to do it's job) |
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Where do long preganglionics originate?
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brain and spine
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Where do preganglionic synapse?
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on postganglionics in terminal ganglia Cranial nerves
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Adrenergic effect on heart
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increase heart rate and contraction strength
b1 |
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Adrenergic effect on skin and visceral vessels
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Arterioles constrict due to smooth muscle contraction
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Adrenergic effect on skin and visceral vessels
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Arterioles constrict due to smooth muscle contraction
a1 |
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Adrenergic effects on lungs
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Bronchioles dilate due to smooth muscle relaxation
B2 |
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Propanolol
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Beta blocking drug, lowers heart rate and BP also causes asthma
(B1 antagonist) |
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Atenolol
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select B1 blocker, lowers hear rate, doesn't affect B2, give to heart patient
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Terbutaline
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selective b2 antagonist used by asthmatics
bronchioles dilate so pt can breath easier |
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What are the 2 subtypes of cholinergic receptors?
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nicotinic blocked by curare
muscarinic from poisonous mushrooms; blocked by atropine |
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Response of nicotinic in skeletal muscle
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depolarization, producing action potentials and muscle contraction
ACh opens cation channel in receptor |
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Response of nicotinic in Autonomic ganglia?
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Depolarization, causing activation of postganglionic neurons
ACh opens cation channel in receptor |
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Response to muscarinic in smooth muscle and glands
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depolarization, causing activation of postganglionic neurons
ACh activates G protein coupled receptor opening Ca2+ channels and increasing cytosolic Ca2+ |
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Response to muscarinic in heart?
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hyperpolarization slowing rate of spontaneous depolarization
ACh activates G protein coupled receptor, opening channels for K+ |
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Most visceral organs receive _____ _____; supplied by both symp and parasymp
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dual innervation
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Antagonists
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opposite effects; in controlling heart rate pupils of eyes
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Complimentary
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causes similar effects; controlling salvation
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Cooperative
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produce different effects that work together to cause desired effect:
micturition & sex |
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Regulation is achieved by increasing firing rate of _____ fibers
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sympathetic
adrenal medulla arrector pili muscle sweat glands most blood vessels |
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Directly controls activity of ANS
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Medulla oblongota
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Medulla Oblongata controls
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cardiovascular, pulmonary, urinary, reproductive, and digestive systems
influenced by sensory input and hypothalamus |
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Hypothalamus
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centers for control of body temperature, hunger, and thirst; and regulate medulla
Influenced by limbic system, cerebellum and cerebrum |
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Some pt's with high BP are given beta blocking drugs to lower BP. How does this effect occur? Why are they not given to pt's with hx of asthma?
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propanolol act on B1 and B2
blocks b1 use atenolol |
