Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 1

involuntarily Motor division

Front 2

Somatic Nervous System

Back 2

●Controls skeletal muscles, voluntary
●Muscles must be excited or they are inactive
●one motor neuron extends from from CNS all the way to effector muscle

Front 3

Skeletal muscle is either contracted or ....

Back 3

Relaxed

Front 4

Where would we find a somatic motor neuron cell body?

Back 4

Anterior horn of gray matter of spinal cord (CNS)

Front 5

What neurotransmitter is released in somatic neuron synapse?

Back 5

Acetylcholine in the PNS (axon run out through prripheral nerve)

Front 6

Effectors of the autonomic system

Back 6

Smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Glands

Front 7

Difference between somatic nervous system and ANS in regards to # of neurons

Back 7

●SNS- one motor neuron extending to PNS
●ANS- 2 neuron chains between CNS and effector

Front 8

2 motor neurons in ANS

Back 8

Preganglionic neuron
Postganglionic neuron

Front 9

Preganglionic Neuron

Back 9

cell body lies in CNS and axon extends through autonomic ganglia in PNS

Front 10

Postganglionic neuron

Back 10

cell body lies in the autonomic ganglia and axon extends to effector organ; unmyelinated

Front 11

Ganglia

Back 11

Gray matter in PNS,
where synapses occur in PNS

Front 12

Where is the preganglionic neuron cell body and where does its axon extends in ANS?

Back 12

Lateral horn of spinal cord and its axon extends out ventral root to the autonomic ganglia in PNS

Front 13

Where is the body and axon of the Postganglionic neuron?

Back 13

In ganglia (Gray matter of PNS), and axon extends to effector organ

Front 14

Which automic neuron in ANS is myelinated and which is not?

Back 14

Preganglionic Neuron -
》 myelinated

Postganglionic neuron - 》nonmyelinated

Front 15

Neurotransmitters in ANS

Back 15

Preganglionic - acetylcholine
Postganglionic -norepinephrine

Front 16

Sympathetic Nervous system

Back 16

Fight or flight

Front 17

Parasympathetic Nervous system

Back 17

ANS system; rest and digest

Front 18

Which ANS system is dominate in stressful situation?

Back 18

Sympathetic

Front 19

Why do we have sympathetic system

Back 19

enables body to cope rapidly when excited, frightened, or during exercise and emergency situations

Front 20

Sympathetic Nervous System

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●increase ♡rate
●increase respiratory rate, dilated bronchioles
●Blood shunted to skeletal muscles away from digestive organs and skin
●Dilated pupils
●Liver releases glucose to meetincreased energy needs

Front 21

Which Division of ANS is closely linked to limbic and emotions?

Back 21

Sympathetic Nervous

Front 22

Which Division of ANS is dominate in nonstressful situations?

Back 22

Parasympathetic Nervous

Front 23

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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conserves energy and directs maintenence activities such as digestion and excretion

Front 24

Symptoms produced by Parasympathetic Nervous system

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●Blood to visceral organs
●Constrict pupils
●increased digestive gland secretion
●Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rates at low normal levels
●

Front 25

What secretions are increased by Parasympathetic Nervous system?

Back 25

Glandular including; digestive, salivary, lacrimal

Front 26

Which Division of ANS may your mouth and eyes feel dry?

Back 26

Sympathetic

Front 27

Autonomic Nervous system controlled by what parts of brain?

Back 27

●Hypothalamus (eating, thirzt, temp)
●Brainstem (urinary bladder, visceral organs)

Front 28

What parts of ANS are controlled by brainstem?

Back 28

●Midbrain- urinary
●Pons- respiratory, blood pressure
●Medulla oblongatta - respiratory, blood pressure, ♡rate control

Front 29

What innervates visceral organs?

Back 29

Both parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous systems

Front 30

What determines which Division of ANS controls visceral organs?

Back 30

●Types of receptor found on tissues
●Types of neurotransmitters

Both SNS and PSN are continously counterbalancing eachother by continously making adjustments

Front 31

Neurotransmitters released by PSN and SNS

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●PSN - Acetylcholine
●SNS- norepinephrine

Front 32

Instead of being inactive or active what does the ANS do to the visceral organs?

Back 32

Organs are always active and either further excites or inhibits the action

Front 33

Dual innervation

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refers to innervation od visceral organs by both PSN and SNS

Front 34

Sympathetic Nervous System origin

Back 34

Thoracolumbar (emerging from Thoracic and lumber vertebra T1-L2)

Front 35

Description of neurons in Sympathetic Nervous system

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Preganglionic- short
Postganglionic - Long

Front 36

1st motor neuron in ANS chain?

Back 36

Preganglionic

Front 37

2nd neuron in ANS chain?

Back 37

Postganglionic

Front 38

Sympathetic Nervous system ganglia

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Paravertebral ganglia

Collateral ganglia(Prevertebral)

Front 39

Location of Ganglia in Sympathetic Nervous system

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close to vertebral column

Front 40

Paravertebral ganglia

Back 40

Sympathetic Nervou ganglia
》chain running parallel to vertebral column, extends from C3-S4

Front 41

Collatarral (Prevertebral)

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Sympathetic Nervous ganglia,
》lie anterior to vertebral column

Front 42

Path of sympathetic fibers

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●cell bodies- Lateral gray horn of T1- L2
● White Ramus
● Gray Ramus communicans

Front 43

White Ramus communicans

Back 43

precentral neuron passes from spinal nerve to paravertebral ganglia (myelinated)

Front 44

Dorsal/ ventral root--> fuse
Spinal root--> branch-->
Dorsal /ventral rami --> branch
What forms after branching of rami in the ANS?

Back 44

White Ramus communicans
Gray Ramus Communicans

Front 45

White ganglia communicans

Back 45

precentral neuron passes from the spinal nerve to paravertebral ganglia (myelinated)

Front 46

Gray Ramus communicans

Back 46

post neuron exits through the paravertebral ganglia (nonmyelinated)

Front 47

3 routes the preganglionic neuron can take once it enters the paravertebral ganglia?

Back 47

1. off of ventral rami (freeway) to white Ramus and synapse with Postganglionic neuron at the paravertebral ganglia. Then the post will go through gray ganglia back to ventral root (freeway) (all SAME level)

2. off ventral ramus (freeway) to white ganglia, then travels up or down the ganglion chain and synapse with a Postganglionic at the paravertebral ganglion at a DIFFERENT level then Postganglionic through gray rami to ventral rami but at different level

3. Preganglionic neuron exits ventral rami and takes white rami to collateral ganglion and synapses with Postganglionic there.

Front 48

Collateral ganglion usually go where?

Back 48

Visceral organs

Front 49

3 routes of symapathetic nerves (Simple)

Back 49

1. Takes exit (white rami) off freeway (ventral root) gets gas (synapse at Prevertebral ganglion), gets back on freeway at same exit( same level gray rami)

2. Takes exit, no gas station so travels up or down few roads, gets gas, and gets back on freeway but at different exit

3. Takes exit, but keeps driving and gets gas station down way, but drives home from there and doesn't take freeway

Front 50

Collateral ganglia

Back 50

Anterior to descending aorta

Front 51

3 Collateral ganglia

Back 51

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

Front 52

Celiac

Back 52

Collateral ganglia
(where synapses occur)
upper viscera

Front 53

Superior mesenteric

Back 53

Middle viscera

Front 54

Inferior mesenteric

Back 54

lower abdominal and pelvic viscera

Front 55

How are Collateral ganglia named?

Back 55

by there location to branches that come off of aorta
Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

Front 56

What does the celiac ganglia innervate?

Back 56

upper viscera
Liver
Spleen
Stomach
Adrenal gland
Gall bladder
Kidney

Front 57

Superior mesenteric ganglia innervate what?

Back 57

Middle viscera
Small intestines
large intestine

Front 58

Inferior Collateral ganglia innervate what?

Back 58

genitalia
uterus
vaginal
penis
bladder
distal colin

Front 59

Nerve connecting paravertebral and Collateral ganglia is called what?

Back 59

Splanchnic nerve

Front 60

Adrenal medulla

Back 60

Middle of Adrenal gland that sits on top of kidneys

Front 61

4th route that a sympathetic neuron can take

Back 61

Long Preganglionic neurons travel out ventral root, through white ramus communicans, by pass the paravertebral, pass through a sphenchnic nerve, the celiac ganglion and travel to the Adrenal medulla where they synapse with a (special postganglionic cell) hormone producing cells; the cells release epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood.

Front 62

Where do you find an exception to the short preganglionic neuron of the sympathetic Nervous system?

Back 62

Preganglionic Neuron that travels to Adrenal medulla

Front 63

Why does the Adrenal medulla dump hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood?

Back 63

Sympathetic is a systematic response, going through blood it creates a response through entire body

Front 64

Back 64

summary chart

Front 65

Parasympathetic Neurotransmitter

Back 65

Acetylcholine for both preganglionic and Postganglionic neuron

Front 66

Sympathetic Neurotransmitters

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●preganglionic- releases ACH, always excitatory

●Postganglionic - releases norepinephrine, can be excitatory or inhibitory depending in effector

Front 67

Neurotransmitters of preganglionic neuron in Sympathetic

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Acetylcholine, excitatory

Front 68

Neurotransmitter of Postganglionic in Sympathetic

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Norepinephrine, excitatory or inhibitory

Front 69

What determines if Norepinephrine excites or inhibits in Sympathetic Nervous system?

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Who the Effector is

Front 70

Parasympathetic system origin

Back 70

Craniosacral
●Brainstem through cranial nerves
●Sacral regions
●

Front 71

What cranial nerve innervates the parasympathetic neurons?

Back 71

vagus CNX

Front 72

Preganglionic neuron in Parasympathetic Nervous system

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Long

Front 73

Postganglionic neuron in Parasympathetic Nervous system

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Short

Front 74

Why are parasympathetic preganglionic neurons long?

Back 74

The ganglia are near by the organs instead of the vertebral column as in Sympathetic

Front 75

2 types of Ganglia in Parasympathetic

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1. Terminal ganglia
2. Intramural ganglia

Front 76

Terminal ganglia

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Very close to target organ

Front 77

Intramural ganglia

Back 77

In wall of organ

Front 78

Cranial nerves involved in Parasympathetic Nervous system

Back 78

Oculomotor CNIII
Facial Nerve CNVII

Front 79

Oculomotor

Back 79

Constrict pupils and focuses on near objects

Front 80

Facial Nerve

Back 80

controls secretion of nasal, lacrimal, and salivary glands

Front 81

Cranial outflow in Parasympathetic

Back 81

cell bodies lie in brain stem nuclei

Front 82

Glossopharyngeal

Back 82

CNIV, Parotid gland

Front 83

Vagus

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CNX,
constricts bronchioles, reduced heart rate and blood pressure, increases mobility and secretions of digestive organs

Front 84

Parasympathetic

Back 84

●localized and short lived
●Preganglionic synapse with 1 or few Postganglionic
●ACH is quickly destroyed

Front 85

Sympathetic

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●Longer lasting and body wide mobilization
●Preganglionic synapse with many Postganglionic at different levels
● NE is inactivated slower than ACH
●Adrenal medulla secretes NE and E into blood stream

Front 86

Sacral outflow

Back 86

distal large intestines, defactation, urination and seal arousal ( craniosacral origin of parasympathetic)

Front 87

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 87

●Effects glands, smooth and cardiac muscle
●2 neuron chains between CNS and effector