Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the ANS is a system of _ neurons.
|
the ANS is a system of a motor neurons.
|
|
|
the ANS innervates
1. _ 2. _ 3. _ |
the ANS innervates
1. smooth muscle in organs & blood vessels 2. cardiac muscle 3. glands |
|
|
what is the function of the ANS?
|
the ANS regulates visceral functions (heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, urination)
|
|
|
the ANS is in which division of the peripheral nervous system?
|
the ANS is part of the general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system
|
|
|
what are the main differences btwn the somatic motor system and autonomic nervous system?
|
-ANS has chain of 2 motor neurons, while the SMS has one
-conduction is slower in ANS than SMS because ANS nerves have thinly myelinated or unmyelinated axons |
|
|
difference btwn the sympathetic and parasympathetic division of ANS
|
sympathetic = fight or flight
parasympathetic = routine maintenance functions |
|
|
why is the sympathetic nervous system important?
|
sympathetic system helps us respond to dangerous situations by increasing heart rate, breathing, blood & oxygen to skeletal muscles, dilated pupil & airways, motility of digestion and urinary tracts are inhibited
|
|
|
what is the thoracolumbar division AKA?
|
thoracolumbar division AKA
sympathetic nervous system because it affects regions like lungs, hear, stomach, pancreas, bladder, etc via the spine |
|
|
what is the craniosacral division AKA?
|
craniosacral division AKA
parasympathetic because it issues signals via the brain and sacral region of the spine |
|
|
why are sympathetic postganglionic fibers long?
|
sympathetic postganglionic fibers are long because the ganglia are typically close the CNS
|
|
|
why are parasypathetic postganglionic fibers short?
|
parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are short because ganglia are close to viscera
|
|
|
are sympathetic axons highly/lowly branched ?
|
sympathetic axons are HIGHLY branched
|
|
|
T/F parasympathetic axons are highly branched
|
FALSE. parasympathetic axons have few branches
|
|
|
what type of neurotransmitter do sympathetic axons typically release?
|
sympathetic axons typically release norepinephrine (adrenergic)
|
|
|
what type of neurotransmitters do parasympathetic axons release?
|
parasympathetic axons release acetylcholine (cholinergic)
|
|
|
cranial outflow from the parasympathetic system innervates what/
|
cranial outflow from the parasympathetic system innervates the organs of the head, neck, thorax, and most of the abdomen
|
|
|
sacral outflow from the parasympathetic system innervates what?
|
sacral outflow from the parasympathetic system innervates the distal half of the large intestine, reproductive organs and erectile tissue in external genitalia
|
|
|
the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic cranial ouflow run which nerves?
|
preganglionic fibers of cranial outflow run via
III Oculomotor nerve VII Facial nerve IX Glossopharyngeal nerve X Vagus nerve |
|
|
path of the vagus nerve (X)
hint: plexuses |
-cardiac plexus
-pulmonary plexus -esophageal plexus -celiac plexus -superior mesenteric plexus |
|
|
from which vertebrae does sacral outflow emerge from?
|
sacral outflow emerges from S2-S4
|
|
|
which regions does the sacral outflow innervate?
|
sacral outflow innervates organs of the pelvis & lower abdomen
|
|
|
where are the preganglionic cell bodies located?
|
preganglionic cell bodies are located in the visceral motor region of the spinal gray matter
|
|
|
what are splanchnic nerves?
|
SPLANCHNIC NERVES
paired nerves that contribute to the innervation of viscera, carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system to organs (visceral efferent fibers) & sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent fibers) |
|
|
the autonomic fibers in splanchnic nerves are
a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. both |
the autonomic fibers in splanchnic nerves are sympathetic except for pelvic splanchnic nerves that can carry parasympathetic
|
|
|
T/F the sympathetic division contains more ganglia than the parasympathetic division
|
TRUE. sympathetic has more ganglia than parasympathetic
|
|
|
from which vertebrae does the sympathetic division come?
|
sympathetic division issues from T1-L2
|
|
|
the sympathetic trunk ganglia are joined to the ventral rami by ..?
|
the sympathetic trunk ganglia are joined to the ventral rami by the white & gray rami communicans
|
|
|
in what ways does the collateral ganglia differ from the sympathetic trunk ganglia? 3
|
collateral ganglia differs from sympathetic in that
-unpaired, not segmentally arranged -occur only in abdomen & pelvis -lie anterior to the vertebral column |
|
|
which of the following ganglia is unpaired?
a. sympathetic trunk ganglia b. chain ganglia c. collateral ganglia d. paravertebral ganglia |
collateral ganglia are unpaired.
chain, sympathetic and paravertebral ganglia are all the same thing. |
|
|
what is the sympathetic pathway starting at the preganglion neurons?
|
SYMPATHETIC PATHWAY
-preganglion neurons -ventral root -spinal nerve -white ramus communicans -associated sympathetic trunk ganglion -gray ramus communicans -to effector (skin, blood vessels, whatevs) |
|
|
sympathetic pathways innervate what body perifpheries?
|
sympathetic pathway innervates
-sweat glands -arrector pili muscles -peripheral blood vessels |
|
|
what are the white rami? are they myelinated/unmyelinated?
|
WHITE RAMI
contain the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic trunk ganglia. MYELINATED |
|
|
what are the gray rami? myleinated/unmyselinated?
|
GRAY RAMI
contain only postganglionic fibers traveling to peripheral structures. UNMYELINATED |
|
|
what is the sympathetic pathway to the head?
|
sympathetic pathway to head
-preganglionic fibers originate in spine at T1-T4 -fibers ascend in sympathetic trunk & synapse in superior cervical ganglion -postganglionic fibers associate with larger arteries & innervate glands, smooth muscle, & vessels throughout head |
|
|
what is the sympathetic pathway to the thoracic organs?
|
symp pathwaywa to thoracic organs
-preganglionic fibers originate at T1-T6 -some pathways synapse in nearest sympathetic trunk ganglion & postganglionic fibers run directly to organ |
|
|
the sympathetic pathway affects the heart in all these ways except
a. decrease heart rate b. dilate blood vessels to heart wall c. dilate bronchioles d. inhibit muscle & gland in esophagus & digestive system |
sympathetic fibers to the heart
INCREASE heart rate dilate blood vessels to heart walls dilate bronchioles inhibit muscles & glands in the esophagus & digestive system |
|
|
sympathetic pathway to abdominal organs?
|
symp path to abdominal organs
-preganglionic fibers originate at T5-L2 -pass through adjacent sympathetic trunk ganglia -then to thoracic splanchnic nerves -synapse in prevertebral (collateral) ganglia on abdominal aorta -celiac & superior mesenteric ganglia |
|
|
sympathetic pathway to pelvic organs?
|
symp path to pelvic organs
-preganglionic fibers originate at T10-L2 1. fibers descent in sympathetic trunk to lumbar & sacral ganglia -some postganglionic fibers run in lumbar & sacral splanchnic nerves to plexuses 2. other preganglionic fiber pass directly to autonomic plexues & synapse in collateral ganglia -inferior mesenteric ganglia or inferior hypogastric ganglia |
|
|
what is the largest sympathetic ganglia?
|
the adrenal medulla = largest sympathetic ganglia
|
|
|
what is the role of the adrenal meduall in sympathetic nervous system?
|
adrenal medula's role:
-secrete large quantities of norepinephrine & epinephrine (adrenaline) to produce widespread excitatory response -stimulated to secrete by preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
|
|
which part of the brain exerts the most direct influence on the ANS?
|
the reticular formation exerts the most direct influence
|
|
|
which centers does the medulla oblongata regulate?
|
medulla oblongata affects the cardiac center, vasomotor center & digestive activities
|
|
|
what part of the brain exerts the sympathetic fear response?
|
the periaqueductal gray matter in the midbrain exerts the sympathetic fear response
|
|
|
what role does the hypothalamus play in the ANS?
|
the hypothalamus is the main integration center for the ANS
|
|
|
what's the amygdala?
|
amygdala is the main limbic region for emotions
|
|
|
what part of the brain influences the parasympathetic system? ex?
|
the cerebral cortex influences the parasympathetic system. ex: meditation is associated with the cerebral cortex
|
|
|
what is raynaud's disease?
|
RAYNAUD'S DISEASE
disorder of the ANS; characterized by contriction of blood vessels; provoked by exposure to cold or by emotional stress |
|
|
what is hypertension?
|
HYPERTENSION
high blood pressure; can result from overactive sympathetic vasocontriction |
