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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What three behaviors/problems are necessary to diagnose autism? |
Repetitive or restricted behaviors Deficits in social interaction Language delays |
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What is Rett's disorder? |
Genetic disorder characterized by sudden loss of motor and social skills around 6-18 months of age |
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What is the key diagnostic feature of Rett's? |
Loss of purposeful HAND MOVEMENTS |
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What is Childhood disintegrative disorder? |
Disorder of sudden loss of social and communicative abilities after 2 years of normal development. Not in DSM 5 |
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What is the most consistent structural finding in Autism? |
INCREASED BRAIN size in younger ages |
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What are other structural findings in Autism?
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Undersized corpus callosum
Enlarged ventricles
Cerebellum, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, and white matter may also be involved. |
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What neurotransmitter is most often abnormal in autism? |
Serotonin with HYPERSEROTONEMIA |
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How are GABA and Glutamate affected in Autism? |
Decreased activation |
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What overall abilities are thought to be impaired in autism?
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1. HIGHER ORDER GOAL ORIENTED executive functioning (e.g., self-monitoring, memory, planning)
2. Tendency to focus on parts and not the whole (i.e., missing the forest for the trees). WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE
3. DEFICITS IN ORIENTING TO SOCIAL STIMULI, derailing normal development |
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Is the heritability of autism high? |
Yes. |
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What is the male to female ratio of moderate to severe autism? |
2:1 |
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Who tends to have lower verbal or nonverbal IQs in Autism, boys or girls? |
Girls
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What percentage of Autism patients have ADHD? |
55% |
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What percentage of Autism patients have an intellectual disability? |
40-69% |
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Are seizure disorders common in Autism?
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RELATIVELY. 11-39%
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At what age can Autism be reliably diagnosed? |
Age 2 |
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What are main language symptoms of Autism?
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ECHOLALIA
Unusual PROSODY
Delayed COMPREHENSION
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What are non-language related signs of Autism?
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REPETITIVE GESTURES
Limited imaginative play
Preoccupation with parts of objects
Limited range of facial expressions
Reduced frequency of pointing |
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What percent of autistic adults have poor outcomes? |
50% |
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What are the key signs of the 4 stages of Rett's? |
1. Head growth deceleration and hand mannerisms and unusual eye contact (6-12 months) 2. AUTISM, MOTOR DECLINE, DEMENTIA 3. Seizure onset, Motor declines, REDUCTION in autism and cognitive problems 4. Wheelchair bound |
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What is the VIQ/PRI pattern in Autism vs. Asperger's? |
PRI STRONGER in Autism VCI STRONGER in Aspergers |
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What is unique about attention in Autism? |
Good for personally relevant stimuli Bad for complex and working memory |
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On what tasks is processing speed impaired in autism? |
Verbally loaded tasks May be NORMAL on non-verbal tasks |
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What one visual task do autistics perform poorly on? |
Facial recognition.
Usually VISUAL TASKS ARE A STRENGTH |
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What language abilities are most impaired in autism? |
HIGH LEVEL Comprehension Producing narratives Prosody/Nonverbals |
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What language abilities are RELATIVE (not key) strengths in Autism?
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Phonology
Articulation
Single word expression and comprehension
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What types of memory are impaired in autism?
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Emotional and Declarative
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Describe motor skills in autism. |
1. Imitation difficulties
2. Clumsy
3. Abnormal tone or gait sometimes
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What is the Key sensory finding in Autism. |
Susceptible to OVERSTIMULATION |
