Aural Rehabilitation

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Manual communication methods

Back 1

Using hands to convey concepts, ideas, and/or words.
e.g., ASL, SEE, Pidgeon Sign

Front 2

Normal hearing for adults

Back 2

20dB or better across 250-8000Hz

Front 3

Normal hearing for children

Back 3

15dB or better across 250-8000Hz

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Deaf

Back 4

a hearing loss of greater than 90dB

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Most common hearing aids worn by CHILDREN

Back 5

Behind-the-Ear

Front 6

Most common hearing aids worn by ADULTS

Back 6

In-The-Ear, In-the-Canal, Completely-in-the-Canal

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Cochlear Implants (CI)

Back 7

a surgically implanted device that converts acoustic energy into electrical energy, thereby stimulating the 8th (auditory) nerve directly, which gives the patient a sense of hearing

Front 8

Auditory training

Back 8

should begin as soon as the CI is programmed and ready to be used

Front 9

Assistive Listening Devices

Back 9

HARD-WIRED SYSTEMS (speaker and listener are directly connected by wires), INFRA RED SYSTEMS (transmits the acoustic signal through light waves), LOOP-INDUCTION SYSTEMS (listener must have telecoils), FM SYSTEMS (transmits the acoustic signal over FM radio waves), TELEPHONE and TV ENHANCEMENT SYSTEMS, SIGNAL ALERTING DEVICES

Front 10

Method of Choice for New-Born Hearing Screenings

Back 10

Oto-acoustic emissions (OAE)

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Stages of Auditory Development

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Auditory awareness, attention, localization, discrimination, identification, sequencing, memory, closure

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Vowel Sounds

Back 12

LOW frequency, HIGH energy

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Consonant Sounds

Back 13

HIGH frequency, LOW energy

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Nasality and Voicing

Back 14

LOW frequency range (~500Hz)

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Place of Articulation

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MID frequency range (~1000-1500Hz)

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Manner

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HIGH frequency range (2000Hz and above)

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Speech Intelligibility

Back 17

the ability of an UNTRAINED listener to correctly comprehend speech. **note: SLPs are considered TRAINED listeners!

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Articulation

Back 18

particular difficulty with HIGH-frequency, LOW-intensity sounds (e.g., voiceless fricatives)

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Phonology

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Processes: FCD, ICD, SD, ST, CR, incorrect syllabication, vowel distortions (e.g., vowels neutralized to a schwa)

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Voice Quality

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Unusual, e.g.1, breathy due to air wastage resulting from difficulty coordinating respiration for speech; e.g.2, hyperfuctional voice disorder resulting from laryngeal tension

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Resonance

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Cul-de-Sac

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Rate of Speech

Back 22

Very slow

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Suprasegmentals

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Reduced variability in pitch and intensity resulting in monotony, abnormal stress patterns (e.g., putting emphasis on wrong syllable), incorrect pausing between words, abnormal loudness

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"What goes in is what comes out"

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By improving speech PERCEPTUAL skills, it is expected that speech PRODUCTION will improve

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Language

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Mild-to-moderate hearing loss: language DELAYS; Profound hearing loss: language delays AND DISORDERS!

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IDEA (PL 94-142)

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Hearing impaired children, ages 3-21, are entitled to an appropriate and free education in the LEAST-RESTRICTIVE environment. **note: PL 94-457 extends these rights to children from birth to age 3

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Arithmetic

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A strength for hearing-impaired students because it is NOT language-based

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Presbycusis

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Losing hearing as part of the normal process of aging

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"Hearing Handicap Scales"

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Helps identify specific problems an adult is experiencing due to hearing loss. **note: helpful for patients who do not objectively see problems that have arisen due to hearing loss

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Audiologist

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Hearing aid evaluations and fittings

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Speech-Language Pathologist

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Aids in aural rehabilitation (e.g., hearing aid orientation, assistive listening devices)

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Anticipatory stratgies

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Thinking ahead and trying to predict what communication obstacles may occur, in order to be prepared to avoid them

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Repair strategies

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Recognizing a communication breakdown and the various ways to try to fix it

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Assertiveness training

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Empowering the client to speak up for himself in order to communicate better, without being rude/demanding

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Analytic speechreading training

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Uses individual consonant or vowel sounds, or CV syllabes

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Synthetic speechreading training

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NOT recognizing every C/V/CV - - rather, interpreting the meaning of the sentence as a whole

Front 37

Viseme

Back 37

The smallest possible VISUAL representation of a sound, e.g., /b/