Aural Rehab - Exam 1

Front 1

Who established the 1st permanent school for the deaf in France, expanded sign system to follow rules of French, and created the 1st sign dictionary?

Back 1

Michel de l'Epee

Front 2

Who was the protege of de l'Epee and coded language into patterns?

Back 2

Abbe' Sicard

Front 3

Who studied the genetics and determined deafness can be inherited? (described Tourette's)

Back 3

Jean Itard

Front 4

Who is credited as the greatest teacher of all, developed the IEP, and a one-handed alphabet?

Back 4

Jacobo Pereira

Front 5

Who created the 1st school for the deaf in Germany? (oralist)

Back 5

Samuel Heinicke

Front 6

Who developed the 1st school for the deaf in England?

Back 6

Henry Baker

Front 7

Who established a school for the deaf in Edinburgh? (oralist)

Back 7

Thomas Braidwood

Front 8

Who tried to start a school for the deaf in USA but failed?

Back 8

John Braidwood (Thomas' grandson)

Front 9

Who studied with Sicard and started the American Asylum for Deaf and Dumb (now American School for the Deaf) with Laurent Clerc?

Back 9

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

Front 10

What 2 men petitioned to open an oral school and established the Clarke School for the Deaf? ($ came from John Clarke)

Back 10

Gardiner Hubbard and Samuel Howe

Front 11

Who was the founder of Gaullaudet University established in 1864?

Back 11

Edward Miner Gallaudet

Front 12

What group publishes the Volta Review?

Back 12

A.G. Bell Association

Front 13

What international gathering of educators of the Deaf declared oralism to be the proper way to educate Deaf children and sign language was to be banned?

Back 13

Milan Conference

Front 14

A.G. Bell was pro-sign language. true or false?

Back 14

false; oralism

Front 15

What elocutionist invented the telephone from aborting an attempt to develop a "hearing aid"?

Back 15

A.G. Bell

Front 16

What 2 things did resolutionists pass at the 2nd international congress on deaf education in Milan in 1881?

Back 16

-oral methods are superior to sign language
-a pure-oral method should be preferred

Front 17

What did Congress establish in 1968 in Rochester, New York?

Back 17

National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID)

Front 18

What is PL 94-142?

Back 18

1975, now IDEA, for high school age

Front 19

What is PL 99-457?

Back 19

1986, lowered IDEA age to 3 years old

Front 20

What is PL 101-336?

Back 20

1990, now Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Front 21

True or false: ASL is a language.

Back 21

true

Front 22

What are some current issues involving the Deaf community?

Back 22

-inclusion for Deaf students
-increasing interest in auditory verbal methods with cochlear implants (no visual cues, all auditory)
-focus on AR and family centered practices with the advent of neonatal screening

Front 23

What is the dominate mode of communication?

Back 23

spoken language

Front 24

What types of variables affect visual inputs?

Back 24

-distance
-light
-distractions

Front 25

What types of variables effect auditory input?

Back 25

-background noise
-noise level
-distance

Front 26

What 4 sources of info are contained in the speech signal?

Back 26

-phonetic
-affective
-personal
-transmittal

Front 27

What is phonetic quality of the speech signal?

Back 27

-linguistic content of message
-specific to humans

Front 28

What is affective quality of the speech signal?

Back 28

-emotional
-accompanies linguistic message
-contributes to interpreting message
-not indigenous to humans
-eg. laughing, crying, irony, sarcasm

Front 29

What is personal quality of the speech signal?

Back 29

-extralinguistic info
-personal info about speaker, not in the message
-allows us to make inferences
-eg. age gender, state of health

Front 30

What is transmittal quality of the speech signal?

Back 30

-gives perspective info
-info relative to:
=talkers locale
=orientation in space
=presence of background noise
=presence of reverberation

Front 31

What is LTASS?

Back 31

-Long-term Average Spectrum of Speech
-estimate of average intensity of speech as frequency

Front 32

What variables may affect LTASS?

Back 32

-age of speaker
-gender
-vocal effort
-type of material (nonsense words, reading a passage, connected discourse, etc.)
-distance from speaker (usually 1 meter)

Front 33

As frequency increases, intensity level ____________.

Back 33

decreases

Front 34

What holds most of the intensity? vowels or consonants?

Back 34

vowels

Front 35

Approximately what is the overall dbSPL for LTASS?

Back 35

65-70

Front 36

What does LTASS encompass for a frequency range?

Back 36

100-10kHz

Front 37

What is the maximum intensity distribution for LTASS?

Back 37

below 500 Hz

Front 38

How much can normal conversational speech fluctuate?

Back 38

-range of 30 dB
-12 dB peaks
-18 dB valleys

Front 39

What frequency range are vowels predominately? (low, mid, high)

Back 39

low to mid frequency

Front 40

What types of vowels contain the highest frequencies and are hardest perceptually for HOH?

Back 40

front vowels

Front 41

To what Hz level is it necessary for residual hearing to identify all vowels auditorially?

Back 41

3kHz

Front 42

Which carries more meaning and helps carry prosody of sentences? vowels or consonants?

Back 42

consonants

Front 43

How are consonants classified?

Back 43

place, manner, and voicing

Front 44

What is a variant cue?

Back 44

phoneme is produced in a specific spot but can vary because of coarticulation

Front 45

What is invariant cue?

Back 45

phoneme is always produced in the same way

Front 46

Describe the speech acoustics of Place of Articulation.

Back 46

-variant cue
-cued auditorially by 2-4 kHz range
-most susceptible to S/N HL

Front 47

Describe the speech acousitics of manner of articulation.

Back 47

-invariant cue
-cued auditorially at .5-1 kHz range

Front 48

Describe the speech acoustics of voicing.

Back 48

-invariant cue
-cued auditorially by low frequences; 250 Hz range
-least affected by sensorineural loss

Front 49

Someone with a HL is likely to make more vowel than consonant errors. True or false?

Back 49

false, but vowels are harder to identify visually

Front 50

Which class of consonants are most difficult for HOH?

Back 50

-fricatives: highest frequency and lowest intensity

Front 51

What Hz level is needed to positively identify consonants by hearing alone?

Back 51

-6 kHz

Front 52

Be able to idenitfy examples of segmental errors. eg. felt ===belt?

Back 52

place, manner, voicing

Front 53

What is prosody?

Back 53

characteristics that span linguistic units longer than a phonetic segment. extend over 1 or > phonemes

Front 54

What are the communicative roles of prosody?

Back 54

-pragmatic
-syntactic
-lexical
-intelligibility

Front 55

In English speech production, important prosodic charactertistics include?

Back 55

-intonation (changes in Fo)
-stress
-duration

Front 56

What are the functions of intonation (4)?

Back 56

-sentence type (? vs statement)
-awareness of audience (age, gender, presupposition, emotional state)
-clarification of requests (?s)
-self-monitoring

Front 57

What are the functions of stress (3)?

Back 57

-lexical (meaning)
-differentiate given or old info from new
-focus attention on important info in an utterance

Front 58

What are the functions of duration for prosodic features? (3)

Back 58

-code sentence meaning by changing word/phrase boundary (commas)
-signal conversational intent (speed up, slow down, same pace)
-signal affective state of speaker (anger, sad, disgust)

Front 59

What are extra characteristics of prosody? (4)

Back 59

-coded by low frequencies (<1 kHz)
-robust cues
-hearing aids adequate to 1 kHz, should develop good prosody
-cannot be observed visually