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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of hearing loss?
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conductive, sensorineural, mixed
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How is a signal delivered to the inner ear in a person with normal hearing to determine hearing thresholds?
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air and bone conduction
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What are the differences between air conduction and bone conduction?
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Air conduction thresholds- pure tone signals are delivered to the ear through headphones, inserts, or speakers.
Bone conduction thresholds- the pure tone signals are delivered using a bone oscillator placed on the mastoid behind the pinna. |
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What are the risk factors for hearing loss?
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anatomic malformations of head/neck, maternal history of drug or alcohol abuse, rubella during pregnancy, family history of HL
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What is conductive HL?
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Conductive- bone conduction thresholds are in normal range, air conduction thresholds are not.
Can hear their own speech well, they speak softly, especially when background noise. Problem is in the outer/middle ear |
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What can cause conductive HL?
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abnormalities of the external auditory canal, the tympanic membrane, or the ossicular chain of the middle ear. External ottitis ia another cause. Otitis media can cause conductive HL of 20-35 dB HL. Otosclerosis, collapsed ear canal, impacted cerumen, disarticulation of the ossicular chain.
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What is sensorineural HL?
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Problem in the cochlea. Experience mild to profound deafness. Bone and air conduction impaired. higher frequencies more affected than lower frequencies. Articulation, resonance, and voice may be affected.
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What can cause sensorineural HL?
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Prenatal cause- drugs by mother, alcohol and drug addicted mothers.
Otoxic drugs, noise, birth defects, viral and bacterial diseases, acoustic neuroma. |
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What is a mixed HL?
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when middle nor inner ear functioning properly. Air conduction affected more than bone conduction.
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What can cause a mixed HL?
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Presence of two separate disorders in the same ear, head injury, advanced otosclerosis.
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What is recruitment?
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symptom of sensorineural HL. Associated with cochlear damage of the outer hair cells. abnormal loudness growth. important for hearing aid fitting.
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What is presbycusis and Meniere's disease?
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Presbycusis is a hearing impairment in older children. Associated with sensorineural HL. Affects the high frequencies.
Meniere's disease causes fluctuating sensorineural HL in adults- excessive endolymphatic fluid pressure. |
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What is the difference between peripheral hearing problems and central auditory disorders?
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Peripheral hearing problems- problems in outer, middle, inner ear.
central auditory disorder- temporal cortex may receive incorrect info or person may process the info incorrectly. |
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What are the characteristics of central auditory disorder?
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Poor auditory discrimination, poor auditory sequencing skills, poor auditory closure, difficulty listening with background noise, poor auditory attention and memory
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What is a retrocochlear disorder?
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Neural pathway- VIII nerve, past the cochlea, going up to the auditory cortex. Patient has a unilateral high frequency HL may be accompanied by tinnitus and dizziness.
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What causes retrocochlear disorder?
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unilateral tumors/ acoustic neuroma.
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What is a functional HL?
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Non-organic loss- faking, not an actual physical pathology present.
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What is a noise induced HL?
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bilateral, not symmetric, and sensorineural in nature.
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What is ABR audiometry?
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tests for retrocochlear lesions and detect HL
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What is the function of the stapedius muscle?
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Protect the ear from loud sounds
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What is the function of the tensor palatini?
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contracts to open the eustachian tubes during swallowing to equalize pressure in the middle ear.
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What are the parts of the outer ear?
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auricle or pinna and the external auditory canal
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What speech problems will a HI patient have?
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distortions of fricatives and stps, omissions of initial and final, consonant cluster reduction, substitution, omission of /s/, substitution of nasal for nonnasal consonants, increased duration of vowels, imprecise production, adding a schwa.
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What language problems will a HI person have?
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use of limited variety of sentence types, reduced length and complexity, difficulty producing compound sentences, poor reading comprehension, slow acquisition of morphemes.
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What are the ranges for HL?
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up to 15 dB- normal
16-40 mild 41-55 moderate 56-70 moderately severe 71-90 severe 91+ profound |
