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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How can the discrete lines in atomic spectra be explained? |
Electrons can act both as particles and waves |
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What are the maximum amount of electrons an orbital can hold? |
Two |
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What are the different shapes an orbital can take? |
S (spherical) , p (dumbell) , d (4 double dumbells, 1dumbell and ring) , f |
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How much energy do electrons have in atoms? What is this energy called? |
Fixed amount called quanta |
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How many quantum numbers are there and what are they? |
Four Principal number, n Angular momentum number, l Magnetic number, m Spin number, m |
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What is the principle quantum number? |
The main energy level of an electron |
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Angular quantum number |
Determines the shape of subshell |
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What is a magnetic number? |
Determines orientation of orbital |
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What is the spin magnetic number? |
Determines direction of spin |
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What is the aufbau principle? |
Electrons fill up orbitals in order if increasing energy |
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What is Hund's rule? |
When degenerate orbitals are available, electron will fill them each singly before pairing up |
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What is the Pauli exclusion principle? |
No two electrons in one atom can have the same quantum number |
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What does degenerate mean? |
Orbitals that share the same energy |
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Why does a half filled subshell have a higher ionsation energy that a subshell with more electrons than it but isn't full? |
It is more stable |
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What does VSEPR stand for? |
Valence shell electron pair repulsion |
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How do you calculate the number of electron pairs on a central atom? |
The number of atoms on the central atom + one electron for each of the atoms attached. Adding an electron if there is a positive charge or removing an electron if there is a negative charge. This is then divided by two |
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What causes electron pair arrangements? |
Their negative charges repel each other |
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What is the arrangement of electron pairs for 2,3,4,5 and 6 electron pairs? |
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What is the order of strength for electron pair repulsion? |
Non-bonding/non-bonding > non-bonding/bonding > bonding/bonding |
