Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

The smallest part of an element that can exist

Front 2

Element

Back 2

Any substance made of one type of atom only

Front 3

Compound

Back 3

A substance formed by the chemical bonding of 2 or more elements

Front 4

Ion

Back 4

Electrically charged particle, formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.

Front 5

What is an aqueous solution

Back 5

An aqueous solution forms when a substance dissolves in water.

Front 6

What is a pure substance

Back 6

A substance which consists only of one element or one compound

Front 7

Mixture

Back 7

Two or more substances that are not chemically bonded

Front 8

Filtration

Back 8

used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

Front 9

How does filtration work effectively

Back 9

Filtration works because the filter paper has tiny holes or pores in it. These are large enough to let small

molecules

and

dissolved

ions

through, but not the much larger particles of undissolved solid.

Front 10

Crystallisation

Back 10

The process of producing crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent.

Front 11

Simple distillation

Back 11

Separation method used to separate a solvent from a solution.

Front 12

How does simple distillation work effectively

Back 12

Simple distillation works because the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent. When the solution is heated, solvent vapour leaves the solution. It moves away and is cooled and condensed and the remaining solution becomes more concentrated as the amount of solvent in it decreases.

Front 13

What does fractional distillation work on

Back 13

Seperates different liquids from a mixture of liquids

Front 14

Fractional distillation

Back 14

mixture of several substances, such as crude oil, is distilled and the evaporated components are collected as they condense at different temperatures.

Front 15

What happens in fractional distillation when the mixture is heated

Back 15

1.vapours rise through a column which is hot at the bottom, and cooler at the top

2.vapours condense when they reach a part of the column that is below the temperature of their boiling point

3.each liquid is led away from the column

Front 16

The 2 ways to obtain different liquids from the column in distillation

Back 16

1.by collecting different liquids from different parts of the column - the substance with the lowest boiling point is collected at the top of the column

2.by continuing to heat the mixture to increase the temperatures in the column - the substance with the lowest boiling point is collected first

Front 17

What is chromatography used for

Back 17

Chromatography is used to separate different substances dissolved in a liquid

Front 18

Soluble

Back 18

Able to dissolve in a solvent

Front 19

The 2 phases of chromatography

Back 19

Mobile and stationary

Front 20

Soluble

Back 20

Able to dissolve in a solvent

Front 21

The 2 phases of chromatography

Back 21

Mobile and stationary

Front 22

The chromatography stationary phase

Back 22

paper chromatography is very uniform, absorbent paper

Front 23

Soluble

Back 23

Able to dissolve in a solvent

Front 24

The 2 phases of chromatography

Back 24

Mobile and stationary

Front 25

The chromatography stationary phase

Back 25

paper chromatography is very uniform, absorbent paper

Front 26

Chromatography mobile phase

Back 26

the solvent moves through the paper, carrying different substances with it

Front 27

What does a chromatogram show

Back 27

The results of separating mixtures by chromatography.

Front 28

How to know something is a pure substance on a chromatogram

Back 28

a pure substance produces one spot on the chromatogram

Front 29

How to know if something is an impure substance on a chromatogram

Back 29

an impure substance, or mixture, produces two or more spots

Front 30

How to know if 2 substances are likely the same using a chromatogram

Back 30

1.they produce the same number of spots, and these match in colour

2.the spots travel the same distance up the paper

Front 31

Who published the first organised periodic table

Back 31

Dmitri Mendeleev

Front 32

2 features of Mendeleev’s periodic table

Back 32

1.had gaps in it

2.showed elements with similar chemical properties lined up in groups

Front 33

What did Mendeleev do about undiscovered elements and how did he fit them in the organised system

Back 33

Mendeleev left gaps in his table for elements not known at the time. By looking at the properties of the elements next to a gap, he could also predict the properties of these undiscovered elements.