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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the A in the ABCDEs of the primary survey?
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Airway maintenance w/ c-spine protection
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What is the B in the ABCDEs of the primary survey?
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Breathing and venitlation
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What is the C in the ABCDEs of the primary survey?
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Circulation w/ hemorrhage control
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What is the D in the ABCDEs of the primary survey?
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Disability: neurological status
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What is the E in the ABCDEs of the primary survey?
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Exposure/environmental control - completely undress patient and cover w/ warm blankets to prevent hypothermia
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What is a quick, simple way to rapidly assess the ABCDEs w/in 10 seconds?
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Ask the patient: "What is your name and do you know what happened?"
-A: ability to speak suggests no airway compromise -B: ability to speak shows ability to generate air movement and permit speech -C: no decreased level of consciousness makes hypoperfusion unlikely -D: ability to rationally manipulate data rules out decreased level of consciousness and alert enough to tell what happened |
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Name 3 potential causes of airway obstruction.
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1. foreign bodies
2. facial/mandibular fx 3. tracheal/laryngeal fx |
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What GCS score indicates the need for definitive airway placement?
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GCS of 8 or lower
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What injuries necessitate the assumption of a c-spine injury?
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Blunt multi-system trauma, especially those w/ an altered level of consciousness or blunt injury ABOVE the clavicle
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What 3 components must be intact to ensure adequate ventilation?
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Lungs
Chest wall Diaphragm |
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Name 4 injuries which can severely impair ventilation?
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Tension pneumothorax
Flail chest w/ associated pulmonary contusion Massive hemothorax Open pneumothorax |
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What are 3 rapid clinical assessments of hemodynamic status?
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1. LOC - although conscious pts may have lost significant blood
2. Skin color - pink face/ext = good; ashen/gray/pale ext = bad 3. Pulse - regular, full, slow periph pulses normally indicate normovolemia; rapid/thready/irregular = hypovolemia and/or potential cardiac dysfx |
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Major sites of internal hemorrhage include: (5)
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chest, pelvis, retroperitoneum, abdomen, and long bones
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What labs are drawn once IV access is establish in a trauma pt? (5)
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1. Basic hematological studies
2. Type and cross match 3. bHCG in females 4. blood gas 5. lactate |
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Name the adjuncts to the primary survey? (8)
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1. Electrocardiographic monitoring
2. urinary catheter 3. gastric catheter 4. ventilatory rate 5. ABGs 6. Pulse Ox 7. BP monitoring 8. x rays |
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Name 3 likely causes of PEA on ECG?
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Cardiac tamponade
Tension pneumothorax profound hypovolemia |
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What are some cardiac manifestations of hypoxia/hypoperfusion? (3)
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1. Bradycardia
2. Aberrant conduction 3. Premature beats |
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What is the AMPLE history?
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Allergies
Medications currently used Past illnesses/Pregnancy Last meal Events/Environment related to injury |
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Maxillofacial or head trauma necessitates what assumption?
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Unstable c-spine injury
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When can the secondary survey begin?
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When the 1/1 survery, ABCDEs, and resuscitative efforts are completed with a normalization of vital functions
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Name two retroperitoneal structures which if injured can be missed on a CT scan.
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1. Duodenum
2. Pancreas |
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What are 5 things a clinician can look for when performing a rectal exam on a trauma patient?
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1. Quality of sphincter tone
2. Blood in the lumen 3. High riding prostate 4. Pelvic bone fractures 5. Integrity of rectal lumen |
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Patients at risk for a vaginal injury necessitate what?
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Vaginal exam - including women with pelvic fracture - to assess for blood in vaginal vault and vaginal lacerations
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A spinal injury is suspected - what must be done? (3)
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Protection of the spinal cord is then required at all times until the injury is r/o; immobilize patient with:
1. long spine board 2. semirigid cervical collar 3. cervical immobilization devices |
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What is the desired urinary output for an adult? Child (>1yo)?
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1. Adult = >0.5ml/kg/hr
2. Ped = >1.0ml/kg/hr |
