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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Bioenergetics
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How energy is transferred biologically/ how we convert food into energy. Macronutrients broken down into energy to be absorbed by our body
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define catabolism
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larger molecules broken down into smaller; releasing energy.
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define anabolism
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smaller molecules forming to make bigger ones/opposite of catabolism. Releases energy
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define exergenic reactions
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Reaction that releases energy that are usually catabolic
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define endergonic reaction
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requires energy and includes anabolism and contraction of muscle
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metabolism
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total of exergenic and endergonic reactions in a biological system
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atp
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allows transfer of energy from exergonic to endergonic
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ATP chemical structur
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1. adenine group
2. ribose 3. 3 phosphate |
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conversions of ATP
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ATP -> ADP -> AMP
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3 systems that occur in muscle cells to replenish ATP
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1.phosphagen
2. glycolysis 3. oxidative system. |
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how does the phosphagen characterize with energy replenishment
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1.short term replenishment
2.uses creatine kinase reaction 3.law of mass action |
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how does the glycolysis system characterize with energy replenishment
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1. using glycogen stores to create ATP
2. has 2 types or paths to creating ATP |
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2 paths of gylcolysis
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1. lactic acid
-creates ATP faster, but is limited in duration -called anaerobic glycolysis 2.mitchondria -called aerobic glycolysis -goes through krebs cycle for longer durated energy -low intensities however |
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what is the cori cycle
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lactate travelling in blood to liver to be converted to glucose
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how does glycolysis enter the krebs cycle
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pyruvate converted to acetyl coa
NADH enter ETC to create ATP |
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energy yield of glycolysis
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1. blood glucose = 2 atp
2. muscle glyocge = 3 atp |
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what are the control factors for glycolysis
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stimulated by - high ADP, P, ammonia
inhibitied by - lower PH, ATP, CP, citrate and free fatty acids -also affected by phosphofructokinase, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase |
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Describe Lactate threshold
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point where anaerobic lactic system begins to be used. Blood lactate begins to rise above normal
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when does lactate threshold occur in regular vs trained people
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50-60 for regular
70-80 for trained |
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What is OBLA in lactic acid
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2nd increase in lactic acid increase rate
-occurs at 4 mmol of blood lactate |
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the oxidative system characteristics with energy
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primary source of atp at rest - low intensities
uses mostly fats and carbs as substrates |
