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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PARALLELS OF LATITUDE RUNS... |
EAST AND WEST. CIRCLES PARALLEL TO THE EQUATOR |
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MERIDIANS OF LONGITUDE RUNS... |
NORTH AND SOUTH AND CONNECTS THE EARTH'S POLES |
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THE GREAT CIRCLE LOCATED AT...
(The great circle is a circle formed on the surface of a sphere by the intersection of a plane that passes through the center of the sphere) |
THE EQUATOR (0° LATITUDE) |
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PLACES WHERE MERIDIANS (LONGITUDES) AND PARALLELS (LATERALS) CROSS ARE CALLED... |
COORDINATES |
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PARALLELS AND MERIDIANS ARE DIVIDED INTO... |
1. DEGREES 2. MINUTES 3. SECONDS |
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CIRCULAR MEASUREMENT
1. A CIRCLE = __________ ° 2. 1 DEGREE (1° ) = __________' 3. 1 MINUTE (1') = __________"
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1. 360 DEGREES
2. 60 MINUTES
3. 60 SECONDS |
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LATITUDE IS ALWAYS STATED (BEFORE OR AFTER) LONGITUDE? |
BEFORE |
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1 MINUTE OF LONGITUDE ALONG THE EQUATOR IS EQUAL TO... |
1 NAUTICAL MILE (NM)
NOTE: LONGITUDE CANNOT BE USED AS A SCALE TO MEASURE DISTANCE EXCEPT AT THE EQUATOR. |
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A ______________ IS:
• THE MOST DIRECT ROUTE OVER THE EARTH'S SURFACE • SAVES TIME AND FUEL • CROSSES EVERY MERIDIAN AT A DIFFERENT ANGLE (CONSTANTLY CHANGING TRUE DIRECTION) |
GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE
NOTE: A GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE ADJUSTS TO THE CURVATURE OF THE EARTH; THE RHUMB LINE DOES NOT |
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A ______________ IS:
• REQUIRES MORE TIME AND FUEL BECAUSE OF THE GREATER DISTANCE TRAVELED • IS EASIER TO NAVIGATE BECAUSE ITS DIRECTION REMAINS CONSTANT
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RHUMB LINE
NOTE: A GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE ADJUSTS TO THE CURVATURE OF THE EARTH; THE RHUMB LINE DOES NOT |
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1NM IS EQUAL TO _____ SM |
1.15 STATUTE MILE |
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1SM IS EQUAL TO _____ NM |
0.87 NAUTICAL MILE |
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THREE MEASUREMENTS OF TIME ARE PRESENTED IN: |
1. COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (UTC) ALSO KNOWN AS (ZULU TIME)
2. 24-HOUR CLOCK
3. TIME ZONES |
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TIME ZONES:
THERE ARE ___ TIME ZONES ON THE EARTH. EACH ZONE IS ___ OF LONGITUDE STARTING AT THE PRIM MERIDIAN. |
24; 15° |
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WHAT ARE THE 4 STANDARD TIME ZONES IN THE CONTIGUOUS U.S. |
1. EASTERN 2. CENTRAL 3. MOUNTAIN 4. PACIFIC |
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THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF SPEEDS USED IN AVIATION: |
1. INDICATED AIRSPEED (IAS) SHOWN ON AFCT AIRSPEED IND. USED IN PILOT/ CNTRL COMMUNICATIONS 2. TRUE AIRSPEED (TAS) USED IN FLT PLANNING/ EN ROUTE PORTION OF FLT 3. GROUND SPEED (GS) SPEED OVER THE EARTH. TAS CORRECTED FOR THE EFFECTS OF WIND 4. MACH NUMBER (MACH) RATIO OF TAS TO THE SPEED OF SOUND |
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CALCULATING THE WIND'S EFFECTS ON TRUE AIRSPEED GIVES THE PILOT GROUNDSPEED, WHICH IS THEN USED TO DETERMINE: |
1. TIME EN ROUTE 2. ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL (ETA) |
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THE IAS _________ WITH __________ IN ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURE |
DECREASES; INCREASES
NOTE: •HIGH ATL'S, THE ACFT IAS IS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN ITS TAS •AT SEA LEVEL THERE IS LITTLE DISCERNIBLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ACFTS IAS AND ITS TAS |
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TIME FORMULA
TIME = _______________ |
DISTANCE TIME = ________________
SPEED |
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SPEED FORMULA
SPEED = _______________ |
DISTANCE SPEED = ________________
TIME |
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DISTANCE FORMULA
DISTANCE = _______________ |
DISTANCE = SPEED X TIME |
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WIND REPORT:
A WIND REPORT OF 04025 IS COMING FROM... |
04025:
040 DEGREES AT 25 KNOTS |
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WIND DOES NOT AFFECT TAS. THAT SAID:
A (TAIL WIND/HEAD WIND) +/- (TAS) =
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GROUND SPEED NOTE: TAS CORRECTED FOR THE EFFECTS OF WIND |
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_____________ REPRESENTS THE INTENDED PATH OF THE AIRCRAFT OVER THE EARTH'S SURFACE. |
TRUE COURSE |
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THE ACTUAL PATH THAT THE AIRCRAFT HAS FLOWN OVER THE EARTH'S SURFACE IS KNOWN AS THE....
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TRACK |
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THE ___________ IS WHAT AND FREE OBJECT WILL DO AS THE AIR MOVES DOWNWIND WITH THE SPEED OF THE WIND. |
DRIFT ANGLE |
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THE ANGULAR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRUE NORTH AND MAGNETIC NORTH IS KNOWN AS.... |
VARIATION |
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THE MAGNETIC NORTH POLE IS LOCATED _________ MILES FROM THE TRUE NORTH POLE, AND IS ALWAYS MOVING |
1,300 |
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WHAT LINES CONNECT POINTS OF EQUAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRUE AND MAGNETIC NORTH? |
ISOGONIC LINES NOTE: •AGONIC LINES CONNECTS POINTS OF ZERO (EQUAL) VARIATION •THERE IS ONLT 1 AGONIC LINE |
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WINDS IN WEATHER REPORTS AND FORCASTS ARE GIVEN IN REFERNCE TO... |
TRUE NORTH |
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MAGNETIC DEVIATION THE ERROR OF A MAGNETIC COMPASS DUE TO MAGNETIC INFLUENCE IN THE STRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT
RESULTS FROM: |
1. ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2. ENGINGE 3. OTHER MAGNETIZED PARTS |
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NAVIGATION THE ACFT SOELY BY THE MEANS OF COMPUTATIONS BASED ON AIRSPEED, COURSE, HEADING, WINDS, AND TIME IS KNOWN AS.... |
DEAD RECKONING
NOTE: BASIC METHOD OF NAVIGATION FOR FLYING A PREDETERMINED COURSE. TAKING INTO THE EFFECTS OF WIND. |
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THE DETERMINATION OF POSITION BY IDENTIFICATION OF LANDMARKS FROM THEIR REPRESENTATION ON A CHART IS KNOWN AS.... |
PILOTAGE
NOTE: •USEFUL ONLY IN VFR WEATHER •BASIC FORM OF NAVIGATION •SUITABLE FOR SLOW ACFT FLYING LOW TO THE GROUND |
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AVIATION CHARTS ARE USED TO PLOT AND DETERMINE __________, __________, AND __________ |
1. TRUE COURSE 2. DISTANCE 3. VARIATION |
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WHAT METHOD IS USED IN DETERMINING AND MAINTAINING A DESIRED COURSE OR DETERMINING AN ACFT'S POSITION BY THE USE OF A RADIO NAV AIDS ON THE GROUND? |
RADIO NAVIGATION |
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A FORM OF NAVIGATION THAT ALLOWS PILOTS TO FLY A DIRECT COURSE TO HIS OR HER DESTINATION WITHOUT NEEDING TO OVERFLY A GORUNDBASED NAVIGATION AID |
AREA NAVIAGTION (RNAV) |
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WHAT ARE FIXED RNAV PUBLISHED ROUTES? |
T AND Q ROUTES |
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WHAT FORM OF NAVIGATION IS UNAFFECTED BY WEATHER AND PROVIDES ACCURATE INFORMATION 24 HOURS A DAY |
GPS
NOTE: ALLOWS ANYONE WITH A PROPER RECEIVER TO DETERMINE HIS OR HER POSITION INSTANTANEOUSLY, WITH A NEAR PINPOINT ACCURANCY |
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GPS IS BASED ON A CONSTELLATION OF ____ OPERATION SATELLITES AND SEVERAL SPARES |
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