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232 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
All of the following statements about Egyptian religion are true except:
|
The Egyptians were fascinated with the story of their creation.
|
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The expression "Paleolithic" means:
|
Old Stone Age
|
|
Middle Kingdom Egyptians:
|
1. viewed the world beyond Egypt with suspicion and fear
2. lost the vision that their land was a paradise 3. recognized that the world was much larger than Egypt (ALL of the above) |
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Without domestic animals to transport their goods, early humans could have no:
|
material possessions
|
|
One of the first examples of the transition to a completely sedentary settlement occurred around 8000 B.C.E. at:
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Jericho
|
|
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh?
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Men and gods live to serve one another
|
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Following the rule of Sargon, Akkadian and Sumerian civilizations were virtually identical except for their:
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language
|
|
The Egyptian technique of writing ("sacred carvings") is called:
|
heiroglyphic
|
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Which Babylonian king used writing as a weapon?
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Hammurabi
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All of the following are names of Sumerian city-states except:
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Nineveh
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The king usually held responsible for uniting Upper and Lower Egypt was:
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Narmer
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By virtue of their martial ability, Sumerian figures of authority were called (literally "big man"):
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lugal
|
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Which god did Hammurabi elevate as the patron deity of Old Babylonia?
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Marduk
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Sargon, the man most responsible for uniting the Sumerian city-states was:
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an Akkadian from Akkad
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|
Sumerian scribes invented cuneiform writing around:
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3100 B.C.E.
|
|
Compared to the Tigris and Euphrates, the Nile River in Egypt was:
|
predictable
|
|
Changes brought about by the Neolithic Age include all but WHICH of the following:
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the invention of the wheel
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One of the first primary civilizations in the West was at the beginning of the fourth millennium B.C.E. by people known as the:
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Sumerians
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Located in Anatolia, which of the following settlements could rival Jericho in complexity?
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Catalhoyuk
|
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The cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic Era:
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are more sophisticated than those of the Neanderthals
|
|
;The two most consistent features of Ubaid life were:
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irrigation and temple building
|
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Which of the following was NOT a Sumerian achievement?
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cotton cloth
|
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Which of the following statements about Sumerian slavery is false?
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A slave could never buy his freedom
|
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During which period did pharaoh successfully centralize his power and administration?
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3rd Dynasty
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The Egyptian god Osiris came to be seen as:
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judge of the dead
|
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The arc of abundant natural resources located in western Asia is commonly called:
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the Fertile Crescent
|
|
Which of the following men was not a Persian leader?
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Nebuchadnezzar
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In general, the Hittites:
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were an economic and military power
|
|
All of the following statements about King Solomon are true except that he:
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was a kind and gentle ruler
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|
Who built the complex at Jerusalem that housed the Ark of the Covenant?
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Solomon
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Which group of people invaded and projected their authority over Egypt in the seventeenth century B.C.E.?
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Hykos
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Which of the following statements about the Zoroastrian scriptures, the Avesta, is false?
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Mankind has no free will.
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|
In general what did the Levites and the House of David have in common?
|
They both helped to elevate the Yahweh cult.
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|
The Assyrian threat upon the Hebrew tribes forced the Yahweh prophets to:
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become exclusively monotheistic
|
|
In the late fifth century BCE, Darius I divided the Persian Empire into provinces, each administered by a:
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satrap
|
|
The form of government established by the Minoans on the island of Crete has been called a:
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thalassocracy
|
|
The expressions "Semitic" and "Indo-European" refer to:
|
language
|
|
Which Persian king built his capital at Persepolis?
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Darius I
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|
Which pharaoh is most associated with the Amarna period of New Kingdom Egypt?
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Thutmosis III
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The Phoenicians:
|
1. were aggressive colonists
2. oriented themselves toward the sea 3. established the city of Carthage in North Africa (ALL of the above) |
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The "great god" of the Assyrians was:
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Assur
|
|
Which Mediterranean kingdom helped bring urban life into Greece after the collapse of the Mycenaean citadels?
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Phoenicians
|
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The palace citadels at Mycenae:
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were adapted from a Near Eastern model
|
|
Who founded the neo-Assyrian Empire in the ninth century BCE?
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Assurnasirpal II
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Of all the Near Eastern kingdoms, which kingdom had the most advanced military strategy and tactics?
|
Assyrians
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The fundamental characteristic of the Assyrian military-religious ethos was:
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1. the holy war
2. exacting tribute through terror 3. the ritual humiliation of the gods of a defeated city (ALL of the above) |
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Zoraster taught that there was only one god called:
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Ahura Mazda
|
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During which period did Egypt reach the zenith of its magnificence and power?
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New Kingdom
|
|
The "international system" of the late Bronze Age refers to the idea that:
|
security and stability helped trade to flourish
|
|
The prophet Ezekiel:
|
stressed that salvation could only be found through religious purity
|
|
During the Eighteenth Dynasty, the priests of Amon:
|
became a formidable political and economical force
|
|
Which Hebrew leader waged his own independent military campaign against the Philistines?
|
David
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The period in which Mycenaean civilization vanished is called the:
|
Dark Age
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Which of the following is evidence of a growing Panhellenism at the end of Archaic Greece?
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the Olympic Games
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The Peloponnesian War:
|
involved the armies of Athens and Sparta
|
|
The Sophists:
|
taught that all knowledge was relative
|
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Heavily outnumbered by opposing forces, the Athenians defeated the Persians at the Battle of:
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Marathon
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The Persians were driven from mainland Greece following the Battle of:
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Plataea
|
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The Greek writer Aristophanes was most well known for his:
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comedies that parodied and ridiculed just about everything
|
|
The hoplites were:
|
common foot soldiers
|
|
Regarding their religious beliefs, the Greeks:
|
1.were suspicious of their gods
2. believed that the gods interfered in human affairs 3.. knew that the gods wielded superhuman power (All of the above.) |
|
Elected strategos in 462, Pericles:
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1.shifted power away from the Aeropagus
2. sought reforms to make Athens more fully democratic 3. became a patron of the arts, science, and literature (All of the above.) |
|
The pre-Socratic philosophers:
|
investigated the relationship between the natural world, the gods, and man
|
|
The Greek word meaning roughly the "bringing together of dwellings" is:
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synoikismos
|
|
Which Greek wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars?
|
Thucydides
|
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Who said "the unexamined life is not worth living"?
|
Socrates
|
|
The helots were:
|
enslaved Messenians
|
|
Solon was responsible for all the following reforms except:
|
eligibility for office based on birth not property
|
|
Which pairing is incorrect?
|
Aristophanes—Oedipus at Colonus
|
|
In general, the philosophy of Socrates can be summarized by WHICH one of the following statements?
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"I am wise because I know nothing."
|
|
The Greek word, tyrannos, implied
|
someone who ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework
|
|
All of the following statements regarding the Delian league are true except:
|
the League was created by Pericles
|
|
In general, the Spartans:
|
were ruled by a dual monarchy throughout their history
|
|
Of the Iliad and Odyssey, it can said that:
|
a.they were not written down until after 800 B.C.E
c. they formulated the Greek heroic ideal d. Both A and C |
|
Which leader championed the cause of the demos and introduced the practice of ostracism?
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Cleisthenes
|
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Which ancient culture had the most lasting impact on Greek civilization?
|
Phoenician
|
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The Greek word, polis, is best defined as:
|
city-state
|
|
The Hellenistic philosophy called Stoicism, was founded by:
|
Zeno
|
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Because the polis went into sharp decline during the Hellenistic Age, Greek religion was replaced by:
|
a. Stoicism and Epicureanism Incorrect
b. mystery cults like Mithraism Incorrect c. the Dionysiac cult Incorrect d. All of the above. Correct |
|
Following the Battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.E.), Philip II established a defensive league at:
|
Corinth
|
|
In 336 B.C.E., Philip II of Macedon was assassinated by:
|
a disgruntled lover
|
|
As Alexander conquered one territory after another, he did all of the following except:
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made the attempt to breed a new nobility loyal to him and his successors
|
|
Which of the following statements about Aristotle's philosophy is incorrect?
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no one is be nature meant to be a slave
|
|
The Athenian orator, Demosthenes:
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saw Philip II as an aggressor whose aim was to destroy the Greek poleis
|
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Hellenistic sculpture and architecture:
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emphasized extreme naturalism and extravagance
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Which city-state became the leading Greek polis at the end of the Peloponnesian War?
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Sparta
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Which Alexandrian scholar was most well-known for his belief that the brain was the seat of human intelligence?
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Herophilus of Chalcedon
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In general, the prosperity of the Hellenistic economy rested on:
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agriculture
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Located in Athens, the Academy was an informal school established in the early fourth century by:
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Plato
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Epicurus taught that:
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since there is no ultimate purpose in the universe, one should seek pleasure
|
|
Which of the following words does not adequately describe Alexander the Great?
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kind-hearted
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Which of the following was NOT one of the three kingdoms created after Alexander's death?
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the Italianate
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Which Greek philosopher once remarked that "man is by nature a political animal"?
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Aristotle
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Called a "merchant of escapism," this Hellenistic poet founded the pastoral genre:
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Theocritus
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The "Hellenistic Copernicus" was:
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Aristarchus of Samos
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The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities was:
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Alexandria
|
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The Stoics taught that:
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a. the cosmos is orderly Incorrect
b. no individual is master of his own fate Incorrect c. duty and self-discipline are important virtues Incorrect d. All of the above Correct |
|
The Athenian orator, Isocrates:
|
saw Philip as the answer to Greek problems
|
|
At the Battle of Gaugamela (331 B.C.E.), Alexander's army:
|
destroyed the Persians under Darius III
|
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Of the following, which cause is FALSE regarding the collapse of Greek political life in the fourth century?
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There were no civil wars between poleis
|
|
Euclid's most important achievement was:
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his Elements of Geometry, which organized all geometric theories
|
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Which statement is most correct regarding fourth-century drama?
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It offered diversion and escape.
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The earliest inhabitants of the Italian peninsula were the:
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Etruscans
|
|
Tiberius and Gaius Graachus:
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were killed by their political enemies
|
|
In 49 B.C.E.:
|
Caesar marched on Rome
|
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The religious beliefs of the Romans were altered in the last two centuries of the Republic as a result of:
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a. Rome's interaction with the Hellenistic world Incorrect
b. the spread of Mithraism and other mystery cults Incorrect c. a craving for a more emotional religion Incorrect d. All of the above. |
|
In general, the Romans controlled the territory of the empire by:
|
assimilating conquered people into the common cultural and political life of Rome
|
|
The Emperor Severus and his successors
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a. eliminated the theoretical rights of the Senate Incorrect
b. ruled as military dictators Incorrect c. cheapened Roman citizenship Incorrect d. All of the above. CORRECT |
|
Between 73 and 71 B.C.E., a slave revolt broke out in Rome led by Spartacus, who was a:
|
slave trained to be a gladiator
|
|
Despite its many achievements, the one failure of the Augustan system was:
|
the lack of a clear law of succession
|
|
The navy of Mark Antony and Cleopatra was defeated at the Battle of:
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Actium
|
|
Which Roman general defeated Hannibal at Zama in 202 B.C.E.?
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Scipio Africanus
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In general, the history of the early Roman Republic was dominated by:
|
the plebeian struggle for social and economic equality
|
|
The primary difference between Roman and Greek religion is that:
|
a. the Romans revered their ancestors as "household gods" Incorrect
b. the Romans had dogmas and sacraments Incorrect c. Roman religious practice was closely tied to political life Incorrect d. All of the above. CORRECT |
|
Virgil's epic poem about a Trojan hero was called:
|
Aenieid
|
|
Which Roman thinker has frequently been called "the father of Roman eloquence"?
|
Cicero
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Under the Principiate, Augustus:
|
penalized citizens who failed to marry
|
|
Which Roman emperor was also a Stoic philosopher?
|
Marcus Aurelius
|
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Which of the following was NOT one of the three great branches of Roman law?
|
canon law
|
|
Which of the following statements about Julius Caesar is false?
|
He saved Rome.
|
|
The concilium plebis:
|
was an assembly composed only of plebeians
|
|
Octavian was forced to join an alliance that included:
|
Mark Antony
|
|
The equestrian order contained those Romans:
|
who chose a life of business over politics
|
|
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the early rule of Augustus Caesar?
|
abolished laws punishing adultery and made divorces easy to obtain
|
|
The Romans had little use for applied science and labor-saving machinery because:
|
their economic organization was based entirely on cheap slave labor
|
|
From the Etruscans, the Romans obtained:
|
a. the arch and the vault Incorrect
b. the notion of the mythical founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus Incorrect c. the idea of centering urban life around large stone temples Incorrect d. All of the above. Correct |
|
The Roman title, princeps, which was given to Augustus Caesar, means:
|
first citizen
|
|
The founder of a monastic community at Vivarium and author of the Institutes was:
|
Cassiodorus
|
|
What important religious text was discovered in a cave near Qumran in 1947?
|
the Dead Sea Scrolls
|
|
Which church father argued that God granted grace to some people but not to others:
|
St. Augustine
|
|
Which of the following statements might best explain the success of Christianity by the fourth century?
|
a. Women were given a role in worship. Incorrect
b. its organization structure Incorrect c. its view of human salvation Incorrect d. All of the above. Correct |
|
Which Roman emperor made succession to the imperial throne hereditary?
|
Constantine
|
|
The Zealots:
|
sought to overthrow the Romans by force
|
|
Who would have agreed with Tertullian that Christianity had nothing to do with classical culture?
|
Benedict of Nursia
|
|
Between 284 and 303, Diocletian ruled the Western Empire from:
|
Nicomedia
|
|
One of the first most lasting accomplishments of the Byzantine emperor Justinian was to:
|
revise and codify Roman law
|
|
Perhaps the most important Church Father and author of On the City of God was:
|
St. Augustine
|
|
Which of the following groups believed that all 613 of Yahweh's commandments were binding upon all Jews?
|
Pharisees
|
|
In 325, Constantine condemned Arius and the Arian heresy at the Council of:
|
Nicea
|
|
Of the Germanic tribes in the Roman Empire, it can be said that:
|
they had adopted the Arian variety of Christianity
|
|
The church became a clearly defined hierarchical organization because:
|
urban-based bishops asserted control over priests in their surrounding areas
|
|
The Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, condemned Jesus to crucifixion because:
|
he was trying to preserve the peace during a religious holiday
|
|
One reason why the eastern Roman empire survived while the western empire did not was that:
|
the eastern empire was far richer
|
|
In 476, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown by:
|
a mixed army of Huns, Germans, and disgruntled Romans
|
|
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the ideas and mission of St. Paul?
|
He believed that Jewish religious law was essential for salvation.
|
|
St. Jerome is best known for his:
|
Vulgate translation of the Bible
|
|
Diocletian ruled as:
|
dominus
|
|
The fundamental disagreement between Arians and Athanasians was over the issue of:
|
the Trinity
|
|
The emperor Diocletian accomplished all of the following except:
|
making Christianity the favored religion of Rome
|
|
Which of the following helps explain the successful growth of monasticism?
|
Extreme asceticism served as a substitute for martyrdom.
|
|
The emperor Constantine:
|
made Christianity the favored religion of Rome
|
|
The Benedictine Rule established all but which of the following?
|
that human labor was below the dignity of the monastic order
|
|
In general, the instability of power in seventh-century Europe was caused by:
|
the difficulty in regulating succession to the throne
|
|
The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell to the Seljuk Turks in what year?
|
1453
|
|
The literary model and guide for personal morality and wisdom for the Byzantines was:
|
Homer
|
|
The word islam means:
|
submission
|
|
One of the primary reasons for Byzantine success and longevity was:
|
efficient bureaucratic government
|
|
According to Muhammad, Jesus Christ was:
|
a prophet
|
|
Pope Gregory I
|
emphasized the concept of purgatory as a place where sins were purified
|
|
Prominent in Islamic religious life were the sufis, religious mystics who were committed to:
|
contemplation and ecstasy
|
|
In general, Byzantine emperors:
|
retained vast powers over the church
|
|
Between the seventh and eleventh centuries, the Byzantine empire:
|
remained a bulwark against Islam
|
|
In the seventh century, cultured Europeans:
|
knew that they were living in a world that had broken with the past
|
|
Islamic scientists made important contributions in all but which of the following fields?
|
hydraulics
|
|
The Carolingian Renaissance refers to the revival of:
|
classical learning
|
|
Why did the Carolingian Empire collapse in the ninth century?
|
Its territory could expand no further.
|
|
According to Charlemagne, what was “God’s new Israel”?
|
the Frankish kingdom
|
|
The Hijrah or Hegira refers to Muhammad's move in 622 from Mecca to:
|
Medina
|
|
Charlemagne united the Franks though armed expeditions in all of the following areas except?
|
caliphate of Cordoba
|
|
At the Battle of Tours (733/734), Charles Martel:
|
turned back a Muslim force from Spain
|
|
The two greatest influences on medieval Islamic philosophical speculation were:
|
Aristotelianism and Neo-Platonism
|
|
For the Christians of Byzantium and western Europe, the Abbasid caliphate was significant because:
|
it took military pressure off the western Mediterranean
|
|
The ultimate defeat of Iconoclasm in the ninth century:
|
led to renewed emphasis on the traditional orthodox faith of the empire
|
|
King Alfred the Great of England:
|
founded new towns and codified English laws
|
|
On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the new:
|
Roman emperor
|
|
The Quraish tribe, to which Muhammad belonged:
|
controlled the economic and political life of Mecca
|
|
Maintaining an eastward-looking direction, the Abbasids:
|
imitated Persian absolutism
|
|
Manorialism first made its appearance in the ninth century in which areas?
|
England, northern France, and western Germany
|
|
Although it began as the value system of a socially diverse order of knights, over time chivalry:
|
became the ideology of a specific social class
|
|
The dominant motive for going on the First Crusade was:
|
religious
|
|
By 1300, Europe:
|
had become the dominant power among the heirs to Greek and Roman civilization
|
|
Craft guilds promoted the interests of the richest and most successful members because:
|
this would preserve monopolies and limit competition
|
|
The English Parliament:
|
began as a royal institution used by the king to consult his nobles
|
|
The relationship between a lord and vassal was made solemn by an act of:
|
homage
|
|
The "golden mean" between the city-states and empires of the ancient world:
|
was the existence of national monarchies of the High Middle Ages
|
|
The manorial system broke down in western Europe by the thirteenth century for all but which of the following reasons?
|
Lords and peasants did not cultivate wheat.
|
|
In 1099, the crusading armies took:
|
Jerusalem
|
|
Who forced King John to issue Magna Carta?
|
the great magnates of the realm
|
|
Chivalry stressed:
|
a. bravery, loyalty, and generosity Incorrect
b. the skilled use of weapons Incorrect c. proper manners Incorrect d. All of the above Correct |
|
For whom were the effects of the Crusades most disastrous?
|
Byzantium
|
|
By the beginning of the fourteenth century, who were the wealthiest members of European society?
|
merchants and bankers
|
|
Which French king was the epitome of thirteenth-century kingship?
|
Louis IX
|
|
The greatest advantage of the manorial system in terms of productivity was that it:
|
allowed the adoption of new and more efficient systems of crop rotation
|
|
The idea of a grand jury and trial juries as well as a system of "writs" was developed by
|
Henry II
|
|
Saints Cyril and Methodius were important because they:
|
a. converted the Balkan Slavs to Orthodox Christianity Incorrect
b. created the Cyrillic alphabet Incorrect d. Both A and B Correct |
|
The Norman conquest took place in:
|
1066
|
|
Which pope proclaimed the First Crusade at Clermont in 1095?
|
Urban II
|
|
The Carolingian dynasty in France was replaced by which dynasty in 987?
|
Capetian
|
|
Which king established the Angevin dynasty?
|
Henry II
|
|
The three-field system of crop rotation:
|
a. increased the amount of arable land Incorrect
b. provided insurance against natural disaster Incorrect c. made it possible to support healthier animals Incorrect d. All of the above Correct |
|
After Thomas Becket ‘s murder by four of King Henry's knights in Canterbury Cathedral,:
|
Becket was proclaimed a martyr and a saint
|
|
The language and customs of feudalism spread throughout Europe from:
|
France
|
|
Which leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?
|
Saladin
|
|
Which eleventh- and twelfth-century cities became the dominant naval power in the eastern Mediterranean?
|
Venice, Pisa, and Genoa
|
|
One of the key ideas expressed by Magna Carta was:
|
the king is subject to the laws
|
|
By the late eleventh century, Byzantium faced threats from all the following except:
|
Iberian Muslims
|
|
Which eleveth-century pope tried to free the church from laymen and emperor alike?
|
Gregory VI
|
|
By 1300, most "ordinary" Christians had come to view the Jews as:
|
a. people who routinely crucified Christian children Incorrect
b. the agents of Satan Incorrect c. people who profaned the body of Christ in the Eucharist Incorrect d. All of the above Correct |
|
The major goal of pope Innocent III was to:
|
unify all Christendom under papal hegemony
|
|
In 1077, Henry IV made his humiliating public submission to Pope Gregory at:
|
Canossa
|
|
The greatest obstacle facing Boniface VIII was that:
|
the national monarchies gained more loyalty from their subjects than from the papacy
|
|
The Electoral Decree of 1059:
|
made it clear that popes were to be selected by the College of Cardinals
|
|
The Waldensians:
|
sought to imitate the life of Christ and the apostles
|
|
The University of Paris:
|
was a guild of teachers not students
|
|
At the Fourth Lateran Council, Pope Innocent III:
|
defined the central dogmas of the Christian faith
|
|
The expression that best describes the twelfth century is:
|
Renaissance
|
|
The word "simony" means:
|
the buying and selling of church offices
|
|
In general, the reform popes could enforce their decrees only in those areas of Europe:
|
where they could count on the support of secular rulers
|
|
Which of the following statements about Gothic cathedrals is correct?
|
They were sources of urban pride as well as urban rivalries.
|
|
Which of the following is perhaps the best example of the medieval heroic epic?
|
a. Song of Roland Incorrect
b. Poem of the Cid Incorrect c. Song of the Nibelungs Incorrect d. All of the above Correct |
|
Romanesque architecture:
|
a. expressed the majesty of God in stone Incorrect
b. subordinated all architectural details to a uniform system Incorrect c. utilized the rounded arch, small windows, and massive stone walls Incorrect d. All of the above Correct |
|
Originally, the universities were institutions:
|
that offered instruction in advanced studies that could not be pursued in cathedral schools
|
|
The Cistercians:
|
followed the Rule of Saint Benedict in the most austere way possible
|
|
The Goliards of the High Middle Ages were:
|
wandering student poets
|
|
Which scholastic thinker wrote Sic et Non?
|
Peter Abelard
|
|
Although the Concordat of Worms was a compromise, the Investiture Conflict was a victory for the:
|
papacy
|
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The fabliaux, or verse fables:
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were new narrative forms intended to amuse an audience
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Which holy order was perhaps the most intellectually oriented?
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Dominicans
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In general, Thomas Aquinas argued that:
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faith could be defended by reason
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The influence of Cluniac monastic reform was strongest in:
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France and Italy
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The ultimate consequence of the Investiture Conflict was to:
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create a lasting distinction between religious and secular authority
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Which classical writer was Dante's guide through hell and purgatory?
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Virgil
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