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232 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
All of the following statements about Egyptian religion are true except:
The Egyptians were fascinated with the story of their creation.
The expression "Paleolithic" means:
Old Stone Age
Middle Kingdom Egyptians:
1. viewed the world beyond Egypt with suspicion and fear
2. lost the vision that their land was a paradise
3. recognized that the world was much larger than Egypt
(ALL of the above)
Without domestic animals to transport their goods, early humans could have no:
material possessions
One of the first examples of the transition to a completely sedentary settlement occurred around 8000 B.C.E. at:
Jericho
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh?
Men and gods live to serve one another
Following the rule of Sargon, Akkadian and Sumerian civilizations were virtually identical except for their:
language
The Egyptian technique of writing ("sacred carvings") is called:
heiroglyphic
Which Babylonian king used writing as a weapon?
Hammurabi
All of the following are names of Sumerian city-states except:
Nineveh
The king usually held responsible for uniting Upper and Lower Egypt was:
Narmer
By virtue of their martial ability, Sumerian figures of authority were called (literally "big man"):
lugal
Which god did Hammurabi elevate as the patron deity of Old Babylonia?
Marduk
Sargon, the man most responsible for uniting the Sumerian city-states was:
an Akkadian from Akkad
Sumerian scribes invented cuneiform writing around:
3100 B.C.E.
Compared to the Tigris and Euphrates, the Nile River in Egypt was:
predictable
Changes brought about by the Neolithic Age include all but WHICH of the following:
the invention of the wheel
One of the first primary civilizations in the West was at the beginning of the fourth millennium B.C.E. by people known as the:
Sumerians
Located in Anatolia, which of the following settlements could rival Jericho in complexity?
Catalhoyuk
The cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic Era:
are more sophisticated than those of the Neanderthals
;The two most consistent features of Ubaid life were:
irrigation and temple building
Which of the following was NOT a Sumerian achievement?
cotton cloth
Which of the following statements about Sumerian slavery is false?
A slave could never buy his freedom
During which period did pharaoh successfully centralize his power and administration?
3rd Dynasty
The Egyptian god Osiris came to be seen as:
judge of the dead
The arc of abundant natural resources located in western Asia is commonly called:
the Fertile Crescent
Which of the following men was not a Persian leader?
Nebuchadnezzar
In general, the Hittites:
were an economic and military power
All of the following statements about King Solomon are true except that he:
was a kind and gentle ruler
Who built the complex at Jerusalem that housed the Ark of the Covenant?
Solomon
Which group of people invaded and projected their authority over Egypt in the seventeenth century B.C.E.?
Hykos
Which of the following statements about the Zoroastrian scriptures, the Avesta, is false?
Mankind has no free will.
In general what did the Levites and the House of David have in common?
They both helped to elevate the Yahweh cult.
The Assyrian threat upon the Hebrew tribes forced the Yahweh prophets to:
become exclusively monotheistic
In the late fifth century BCE, Darius I divided the Persian Empire into provinces, each administered by a:
satrap
The form of government established by the Minoans on the island of Crete has been called a:
thalassocracy
The expressions "Semitic" and "Indo-European" refer to:
language
Which Persian king built his capital at Persepolis?
Darius I
Which pharaoh is most associated with the Amarna period of New Kingdom Egypt?
Thutmosis III
The Phoenicians:
1. were aggressive colonists
2. oriented themselves toward the sea
3. established the city of Carthage in North Africa
(ALL of the above)
The "great god" of the Assyrians was:
Assur
Which Mediterranean kingdom helped bring urban life into Greece after the collapse of the Mycenaean citadels?
Phoenicians
The palace citadels at Mycenae:
were adapted from a Near Eastern model
Who founded the neo-Assyrian Empire in the ninth century BCE?
Assurnasirpal II
Of all the Near Eastern kingdoms, which kingdom had the most advanced military strategy and tactics?
Assyrians
The fundamental characteristic of the Assyrian military-religious ethos was:
1. the holy war
2. exacting tribute through terror
3. the ritual humiliation of the gods of a defeated city
(ALL of the above)
Zoraster taught that there was only one god called:
Ahura Mazda
During which period did Egypt reach the zenith of its magnificence and power?
New Kingdom
The "international system" of the late Bronze Age refers to the idea that:
security and stability helped trade to flourish
The prophet Ezekiel:
stressed that salvation could only be found through religious purity
During the Eighteenth Dynasty, the priests of Amon:
became a formidable political and economical force
Which Hebrew leader waged his own independent military campaign against the Philistines?
David
The period in which Mycenaean civilization vanished is called the:
Dark Age
Which of the following is evidence of a growing Panhellenism at the end of Archaic Greece?
the Olympic Games
The Peloponnesian War:
involved the armies of Athens and Sparta
The Sophists:
taught that all knowledge was relative
Heavily outnumbered by opposing forces, the Athenians defeated the Persians at the Battle of:
Marathon
The Persians were driven from mainland Greece following the Battle of:
Plataea
The Greek writer Aristophanes was most well known for his:
comedies that parodied and ridiculed just about everything
The hoplites were:
common foot soldiers
Regarding their religious beliefs, the Greeks:
1.were suspicious of their gods
2. believed that the gods interfered in human affairs
3.. knew that the gods wielded superhuman power
(All of the above.)
Elected strategos in 462, Pericles:
1.shifted power away from the Aeropagus
2. sought reforms to make Athens more fully democratic
3. became a patron of the arts, science, and literature
(All of the above.)
The pre-Socratic philosophers:
investigated the relationship between the natural world, the gods, and man
The Greek word meaning roughly the "bringing together of dwellings" is:
synoikismos
Which Greek wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars?
Thucydides
Who said "the unexamined life is not worth living"?
Socrates
The helots were:
enslaved Messenians
Solon was responsible for all the following reforms except:
eligibility for office based on birth not property
Which pairing is incorrect?
Aristophanes—Oedipus at Colonus
In general, the philosophy of Socrates can be summarized by WHICH one of the following statements?
"I am wise because I know nothing."
The Greek word, tyrannos, implied
someone who ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework
All of the following statements regarding the Delian league are true except:
the League was created by Pericles
In general, the Spartans:
were ruled by a dual monarchy throughout their history
Of the Iliad and Odyssey, it can said that:
a.they were not written down until after 800 B.C.E
c. they formulated the Greek heroic ideal
d. Both A and C
Which leader championed the cause of the demos and introduced the practice of ostracism?
Cleisthenes
Which ancient culture had the most lasting impact on Greek civilization?
Phoenician
The Greek word, polis, is best defined as:
city-state
The Hellenistic philosophy called Stoicism, was founded by:
Zeno
Because the polis went into sharp decline during the Hellenistic Age, Greek religion was replaced by:
a. Stoicism and Epicureanism Incorrect
b. mystery cults like Mithraism Incorrect
c. the Dionysiac cult Incorrect
d. All of the above. Correct
Following the Battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.E.), Philip II established a defensive league at:
Corinth
In 336 B.C.E., Philip II of Macedon was assassinated by:
a disgruntled lover
As Alexander conquered one territory after another, he did all of the following except:
made the attempt to breed a new nobility loyal to him and his successors
Which of the following statements about Aristotle's philosophy is incorrect?
no one is be nature meant to be a slave
The Athenian orator, Demosthenes:
saw Philip II as an aggressor whose aim was to destroy the Greek poleis
Hellenistic sculpture and architecture:
emphasized extreme naturalism and extravagance
Which city-state became the leading Greek polis at the end of the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta
Which Alexandrian scholar was most well-known for his belief that the brain was the seat of human intelligence?
Herophilus of Chalcedon
In general, the prosperity of the Hellenistic economy rested on:
agriculture
Located in Athens, the Academy was an informal school established in the early fourth century by:
Plato
Epicurus taught that:
since there is no ultimate purpose in the universe, one should seek pleasure
Which of the following words does not adequately describe Alexander the Great?
kind-hearted
Which of the following was NOT one of the three kingdoms created after Alexander's death?
the Italianate
Which Greek philosopher once remarked that "man is by nature a political animal"?
Aristotle
Called a "merchant of escapism," this Hellenistic poet founded the pastoral genre:
Theocritus
The "Hellenistic Copernicus" was:
Aristarchus of Samos
The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities was:
Alexandria
The Stoics taught that:
a. the cosmos is orderly Incorrect
b. no individual is master of his own fate Incorrect
c. duty and self-discipline are important virtues Incorrect
d. All of the above Correct
The Athenian orator, Isocrates:
saw Philip as the answer to Greek problems
At the Battle of Gaugamela (331 B.C.E.), Alexander's army:
destroyed the Persians under Darius III
Of the following, which cause is FALSE regarding the collapse of Greek political life in the fourth century?
There were no civil wars between poleis
Euclid's most important achievement was:
his Elements of Geometry, which organized all geometric theories
Which statement is most correct regarding fourth-century drama?
It offered diversion and escape.
The earliest inhabitants of the Italian peninsula were the:
Etruscans
Tiberius and Gaius Graachus:
were killed by their political enemies
In 49 B.C.E.:
Caesar marched on Rome
The religious beliefs of the Romans were altered in the last two centuries of the Republic as a result of:
a. Rome's interaction with the Hellenistic world Incorrect
b. the spread of Mithraism and other mystery cults Incorrect
c. a craving for a more emotional religion Incorrect
d. All of the above.
In general, the Romans controlled the territory of the empire by:
assimilating conquered people into the common cultural and political life of Rome
The Emperor Severus and his successors
a. eliminated the theoretical rights of the Senate Incorrect
b. ruled as military dictators Incorrect
c. cheapened Roman citizenship Incorrect
d. All of the above. CORRECT
Between 73 and 71 B.C.E., a slave revolt broke out in Rome led by Spartacus, who was a:
slave trained to be a gladiator
Despite its many achievements, the one failure of the Augustan system was:
the lack of a clear law of succession
The navy of Mark Antony and Cleopatra was defeated at the Battle of:
Actium
Which Roman general defeated Hannibal at Zama in 202 B.C.E.?
Scipio Africanus
In general, the history of the early Roman Republic was dominated by:
the plebeian struggle for social and economic equality
The primary difference between Roman and Greek religion is that:
a. the Romans revered their ancestors as "household gods" Incorrect
b. the Romans had dogmas and sacraments Incorrect
c. Roman religious practice was closely tied to political life Incorrect
d. All of the above. CORRECT
Virgil's epic poem about a Trojan hero was called:
Aenieid
Which Roman thinker has frequently been called "the father of Roman eloquence"?
Cicero
Under the Principiate, Augustus:
penalized citizens who failed to marry
Which Roman emperor was also a Stoic philosopher?
Marcus Aurelius
Which of the following was NOT one of the three great branches of Roman law?
canon law
Which of the following statements about Julius Caesar is false?
He saved Rome.
The concilium plebis:
was an assembly composed only of plebeians
Octavian was forced to join an alliance that included:
Mark Antony
The equestrian order contained those Romans:
who chose a life of business over politics
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the early rule of Augustus Caesar?
abolished laws punishing adultery and made divorces easy to obtain
The Romans had little use for applied science and labor-saving machinery because:
their economic organization was based entirely on cheap slave labor
From the Etruscans, the Romans obtained:
a. the arch and the vault Incorrect
b. the notion of the mythical founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus Incorrect
c. the idea of centering urban life around large stone temples Incorrect
d. All of the above. Correct
The Roman title, princeps, which was given to Augustus Caesar, means:
first citizen
The founder of a monastic community at Vivarium and author of the Institutes was:
Cassiodorus
What important religious text was discovered in a cave near Qumran in 1947?
the Dead Sea Scrolls
Which church father argued that God granted grace to some people but not to others:
St. Augustine
Which of the following statements might best explain the success of Christianity by the fourth century?
a. Women were given a role in worship. Incorrect
b. its organization structure Incorrect
c. its view of human salvation Incorrect
d. All of the above. Correct
Which Roman emperor made succession to the imperial throne hereditary?
Constantine
The Zealots:
sought to overthrow the Romans by force
Who would have agreed with Tertullian that Christianity had nothing to do with classical culture?
Benedict of Nursia
Between 284 and 303, Diocletian ruled the Western Empire from:
Nicomedia
One of the first most lasting accomplishments of the Byzantine emperor Justinian was to:
revise and codify Roman law
Perhaps the most important Church Father and author of On the City of God was:
St. Augustine
Which of the following groups believed that all 613 of Yahweh's commandments were binding upon all Jews?
Pharisees
In 325, Constantine condemned Arius and the Arian heresy at the Council of:
Nicea
Of the Germanic tribes in the Roman Empire, it can be said that:
they had adopted the Arian variety of Christianity
The church became a clearly defined hierarchical organization because:
urban-based bishops asserted control over priests in their surrounding areas
The Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, condemned Jesus to crucifixion because:
he was trying to preserve the peace during a religious holiday
One reason why the eastern Roman empire survived while the western empire did not was that:
the eastern empire was far richer
In 476, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown by:
a mixed army of Huns, Germans, and disgruntled Romans
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the ideas and mission of St. Paul?
He believed that Jewish religious law was essential for salvation.
St. Jerome is best known for his:
Vulgate translation of the Bible
Diocletian ruled as:
dominus
The fundamental disagreement between Arians and Athanasians was over the issue of:
the Trinity
The emperor Diocletian accomplished all of the following except:
making Christianity the favored religion of Rome
Which of the following helps explain the successful growth of monasticism?
Extreme asceticism served as a substitute for martyrdom.
The emperor Constantine:
made Christianity the favored religion of Rome
The Benedictine Rule established all but which of the following?
that human labor was below the dignity of the monastic order
In general, the instability of power in seventh-century Europe was caused by:
the difficulty in regulating succession to the throne
The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell to the Seljuk Turks in what year?
1453
The literary model and guide for personal morality and wisdom for the Byzantines was:
Homer
The word islam means:
submission
One of the primary reasons for Byzantine success and longevity was:
efficient bureaucratic government
According to Muhammad, Jesus Christ was:
a prophet
Pope Gregory I
emphasized the concept of purgatory as a place where sins were purified
Prominent in Islamic religious life were the sufis, religious mystics who were committed to:
contemplation and ecstasy
In general, Byzantine emperors:
retained vast powers over the church
Between the seventh and eleventh centuries, the Byzantine empire:
remained a bulwark against Islam
In the seventh century, cultured Europeans:
knew that they were living in a world that had broken with the past
Islamic scientists made important contributions in all but which of the following fields?
hydraulics
The Carolingian Renaissance refers to the revival of:
classical learning
Why did the Carolingian Empire collapse in the ninth century?
Its territory could expand no further.
According to Charlemagne, what was “God’s new Israel”?
the Frankish kingdom
The Hijrah or Hegira refers to Muhammad's move in 622 from Mecca to:
Medina
Charlemagne united the Franks though armed expeditions in all of the following areas except?
caliphate of Cordoba
At the Battle of Tours (733/734), Charles Martel:
turned back a Muslim force from Spain
The two greatest influences on medieval Islamic philosophical speculation were:
Aristotelianism and Neo-Platonism
For the Christians of Byzantium and western Europe, the Abbasid caliphate was significant because:
it took military pressure off the western Mediterranean
The ultimate defeat of Iconoclasm in the ninth century:
led to renewed emphasis on the traditional orthodox faith of the empire
King Alfred the Great of England:
founded new towns and codified English laws
On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the new:
Roman emperor
The Quraish tribe, to which Muhammad belonged:
controlled the economic and political life of Mecca
Maintaining an eastward-looking direction, the Abbasids:
imitated Persian absolutism
Manorialism first made its appearance in the ninth century in which areas?
England, northern France, and western Germany
Although it began as the value system of a socially diverse order of knights, over time chivalry:
became the ideology of a specific social class
The dominant motive for going on the First Crusade was:
religious
By 1300, Europe:
had become the dominant power among the heirs to Greek and Roman civilization
Craft guilds promoted the interests of the richest and most successful members because:
this would preserve monopolies and limit competition
The English Parliament:
began as a royal institution used by the king to consult his nobles
The relationship between a lord and vassal was made solemn by an act of:
homage
The "golden mean" between the city-states and empires of the ancient world:
was the existence of national monarchies of the High Middle Ages
The manorial system broke down in western Europe by the thirteenth century for all but which of the following reasons?
Lords and peasants did not cultivate wheat.
In 1099, the crusading armies took:
Jerusalem
Who forced King John to issue Magna Carta?
the great magnates of the realm
Chivalry stressed:
a. bravery, loyalty, and generosity Incorrect
b. the skilled use of weapons Incorrect
c. proper manners Incorrect
d. All of the above Correct
For whom were the effects of the Crusades most disastrous?
Byzantium
By the beginning of the fourteenth century, who were the wealthiest members of European society?
merchants and bankers
Which French king was the epitome of thirteenth-century kingship?
Louis IX
The greatest advantage of the manorial system in terms of productivity was that it:
allowed the adoption of new and more efficient systems of crop rotation
The idea of a grand jury and trial juries as well as a system of "writs" was developed by
Henry II
Saints Cyril and Methodius were important because they:
a. converted the Balkan Slavs to Orthodox Christianity Incorrect
b. created the Cyrillic alphabet Incorrect
d. Both A and B Correct
The Norman conquest took place in:
1066
Which pope proclaimed the First Crusade at Clermont in 1095?
Urban II
The Carolingian dynasty in France was replaced by which dynasty in 987?
Capetian
Which king established the Angevin dynasty?
Henry II
The three-field system of crop rotation:
a. increased the amount of arable land Incorrect
b. provided insurance against natural disaster Incorrect
c. made it possible to support healthier animals Incorrect
d. All of the above Correct
After Thomas Becket ‘s murder by four of King Henry's knights in Canterbury Cathedral,:
Becket was proclaimed a martyr and a saint
The language and customs of feudalism spread throughout Europe from:
France
Which leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?
Saladin
Which eleventh- and twelfth-century cities became the dominant naval power in the eastern Mediterranean?
Venice, Pisa, and Genoa
One of the key ideas expressed by Magna Carta was:
the king is subject to the laws
By the late eleventh century, Byzantium faced threats from all the following except:
Iberian Muslims
Which eleveth-century pope tried to free the church from laymen and emperor alike?
Gregory VI
By 1300, most "ordinary" Christians had come to view the Jews as:
a. people who routinely crucified Christian children Incorrect
b. the agents of Satan Incorrect
c. people who profaned the body of Christ in the Eucharist Incorrect
d. All of the above Correct
The major goal of pope Innocent III was to:
unify all Christendom under papal hegemony
In 1077, Henry IV made his humiliating public submission to Pope Gregory at:
Canossa
The greatest obstacle facing Boniface VIII was that:
the national monarchies gained more loyalty from their subjects than from the papacy
The Electoral Decree of 1059:
made it clear that popes were to be selected by the College of Cardinals
The Waldensians:
sought to imitate the life of Christ and the apostles
The University of Paris:
was a guild of teachers not students
At the Fourth Lateran Council, Pope Innocent III:
defined the central dogmas of the Christian faith
The expression that best describes the twelfth century is:
Renaissance
The word "simony" means:
the buying and selling of church offices
In general, the reform popes could enforce their decrees only in those areas of Europe:
where they could count on the support of secular rulers
Which of the following statements about Gothic cathedrals is correct?
They were sources of urban pride as well as urban rivalries.
Which of the following is perhaps the best example of the medieval heroic epic?
a. Song of Roland Incorrect
b. Poem of the Cid Incorrect
c. Song of the Nibelungs Incorrect
d. All of the above Correct
Romanesque architecture:
a. expressed the majesty of God in stone Incorrect
b. subordinated all architectural details to a uniform system Incorrect
c. utilized the rounded arch, small windows, and massive stone walls Incorrect
d. All of the above Correct
Originally, the universities were institutions:
that offered instruction in advanced studies that could not be pursued in cathedral schools
The Cistercians:
followed the Rule of Saint Benedict in the most austere way possible
The Goliards of the High Middle Ages were:
wandering student poets
Which scholastic thinker wrote Sic et Non?
Peter Abelard
Although the Concordat of Worms was a compromise, the Investiture Conflict was a victory for the:
papacy
The fabliaux, or verse fables:
were new narrative forms intended to amuse an audience
Which holy order was perhaps the most intellectually oriented?
Dominicans
In general, Thomas Aquinas argued that:
faith could be defended by reason
The influence of Cluniac monastic reform was strongest in:
France and Italy
The ultimate consequence of the Investiture Conflict was to:
create a lasting distinction between religious and secular authority
Which classical writer was Dante's guide through hell and purgatory?
Virgil