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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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zenith |
point directly above head |
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meridian |
line north through south of zenith |
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celestial sphere |
sphere that surrounds the earth in which all starts and such lie |
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celestial poles |
point directly overhead north and south poles |
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celestial equator |
projection of equator into space, which makes a complete circle around celestial sphere |
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Which direction do stars rise, move and set? |
Rise in the east, sets in the west |
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Which way does Earth rotate |
W-E |
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What are circumpolar stars? |
stars near the north celestial pole that remain perpetually above the horizon (aka never sets) circling counterclockwise around the pole each day |
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Degrees per hour that objects move in the sky? |
not sure |
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apparent retrograde motion |
planets usually move eastward through constellations, they occasionally reverse course westward through zodiac. This is because Earth is passing it in its orbit against the stars |
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Seasonal Stars |
Suns apparent location along the ecliptic determines which constellations we see at night |
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Hour Angle |
angular distance east-west of meridian measured along celestial equator |
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Moon Phases and Order |
1. new moon (no sight) 2. waxing crescent 3. first quarter (right half) 4. waxing gibbous (3/4 5. full moon 6. waning gibbous 7. third quarter (left half) 8. waning crescent
(goes from right side of moon to the left side of the moon) |
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elongation |
angle between sun and planet/moon as viewed from earth |
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Eclipses: Lunar & Solar |
Lunar - earth lies directly between the sun and the moon, so earths shadow falls on the moon Solar - moon lies directly between the sun and the earth so the moons shadow falls on the earth |
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Scale Model of solar system with sun as grapefruit & size of planets? |
not sure |
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History of Astronomy Ptolemy |
geocentric model starts are fixed epicycle of only small number of planets |
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History of Astronomy Copernicus |
circular orbits, epicyces, helicentric |
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History of Astronomy Tycho |
heliocentric weird hybrid model of universe: moon and sun rotate around earth while other planets rotate around sun |
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History of Astronomy Keplar & 3 laws |
elliptical orbits Laws: 1. ellipse w/ 2 foci 2. equal areas in equal times 3. p2=a3 (double orbital distance means more than double orbital period) |
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History of Astronomy Gallileo |
acceleration due to gravity jupiters moons built telescope moon has craters phases of venus because always faces the sun |
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Newton & Gravity |
Laws: 1. object in motion will stay in motion, etc. 2. f=ma 3. action = reaction law of gravity f = GMm/r^2 |
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Momentum conservation of momentum angular momentum |
mass x velocity momentum is conserved energy going in a circle is angular momentum, or changing direction = mass x velocity x radius |
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Energy |
kinetic energy - energy of motion potential energy - stored energy thermal energy - subcategory of kinetic energy, which represents collective kinetic energy of the many individual particles moving randomly within a substance conservation of energy - cannot appear or disappear |
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Light and its properties |
light is a wave - wave properties: wavelength, frequency ( c = f x lambda) light is a particle - particle energy: E=h x frequency, hc/lambda due to photons, particles, which travel at speed of light and can hit a wall one at a time, characterized by wavelength and frequency |
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Spectroscopy Kinds of Spectra |
emission absorption continuous (thermal radiation)
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Spectroscopy Electrons and energy levels |
electrons can have particular amounts of energy, which electrons can bounce to and fro, but not between
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Spectroscopy Spectral lines Object composition |
electrons are only allowed to rotate at very specific lines, and can identify an objects composition from spectral lines |
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Laws of Thermal Radiation Stefan Boltzmann Law Wein's Law |
S.B.- each sqaure meter of a hotter objects surface emits more light at all wavelengths W/s - hotter objects emit photons with a higher average energy |
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Color and temperature |
cool = red hot = blue |
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Velocity with red shift and blue shift |
object moving towards with shorter wavelength = blue shift object moving away = longer wavelength = redshift |
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Telescopes collecting area angular resolution light traveling through atmostphere |
-refracting: uses transparent lense to collect and focus light -reflecting: uses a mirror to gather light, which reflects gathered light into secondary mirror, which then reflects light to a focus where eyes or object can observe the light -collecting area: related to size of aperture times agnular resolution (smallest detail). th elarger the telescope, the better the angular resolution -only certain types of light can reach through the atmosphere, space telescropes are required for much of the EM spectrum which avoids atmospherice pollution
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Formation of Solar System |
there was a large cloud which started rotating and flattening into a disk due to angular momentum. caused terrestrial and jovian planets and asteriods and meteroites and such |
