Astronomy

Front 1

The astrolabe must be level in order to read the _____ properly

Back 1

plum bob
degree scale
altitude

Front 2

Why must the astrolabe be lined up with north?

Back 2

to measure azimuth

Front 3

Altitude is the angle measured above the what

Back 3

horizon

Front 4

Azimuth is the angle measured ___________ from north

Back 4

clockwise

Front 5

Recording the location of a star requires a measurement of:

Back 5

altitude
azimuth
time

Front 6

If you sight Polaris with an astrolabe and determine its altitude is 20° above the horizon, then what does this tell you about your position on the Earth?

Back 6

you must be 20° above (north) the equator

Front 7

Early observations did not confirm the transparent sphere hypothesis as a result of:

Back 7

deductive reasoning

Front 8

A scientist should be willing to change his theory if the evidence does not support it.

Back 8

true

Front 9

Sometimes people do not want to believe the apparent truth because:

Back 9

they just want to retain their prior knowledge
they do not know about new evidence
they may not consider all the evidence

Front 10

A theory or hypothesis is more likely to be true when an explanation is:

Back 10

relatively simple and logical

Front 11

Where would you be if all of the stars you see are circumpolar stars?

Back 11

North Pole

Front 12

Where would you be if none of the stars you see are circumpolar stars?

Back 12

Equator

Front 13

Where would you be if the Polaris is seen at the zenith?

Back 13

North Pole

Front 14

Where would you be if Polaris is seen on the horizon?

Back 14

Equator

Front 15

Does every person on Earth see the same part of the sky?

Back 15

no

Front 16

A hemisphere represents what part of a sphere?

Back 16

½

Front 17

The line where the Earth and sky seem to meet forms the

Back 17

horizon

Front 18

If you could view the Earth, from every direction without any obstructions, it would appear as a

Back 18

flat circular disc

Front 19

When we view the stars and planets in the night sky, they all appear to move on a great _____.

Back 19

sphere
hollow sphere
celestial sphere

Front 20

The point on the celestial sphere directly above an observer's head is called the

Back 20

zenith

Front 21

The place where the extended axis of the Earth would touch the celestial sphere is called the celestial

Back 21

pole

Front 22

The star which is located at the north celestial pole is _____.

Back 22

North Star or Polaris

Front 23

Why do the stars of the northern sky appear to circle around Polaris?

Back 23

The Earth is rotating around its axis.

Front 24

Where would you see Polaris if you were at the equator?

Back 24

on the north horizon

Front 25

If you walked north from the equator 10°, how would you expect Polaris to move?

Back 25

It would rise above the horizon 10°.

Front 26

If Polaris is at the zenith, you must be at the

Back 26

north pole

Front 27

what ideas about the universe have been proven false.

Back 27

the Earth is flat
the Earth is the center of the universe
the planets revolve around the Earth
the stars and planets control human life

Front 28

The physical (natural) laws which establish how things work can be investigated by the scientific method.

Back 28

true

Front 29

It is usually possible to observe physical objects breaking the physical laws.

Back 29

false

Front 30

An oval having both ends alike

Back 30

ellipse

Front 31

The natural force that makes objects move or tend to move toward each other

Back 31

gravity

Front 32

The path of the Earth or any planet around the sun

Back 32

orbit

Front 33

To move around a center or axis

Back 33

rotate

Front 34

Instrument for making distant objects appear nearer, larger, and brighter

Back 34

telescope

Front 35

The point in a planet's orbit that is farthest from the sun

Back 35

aphelion

Front 36

The point in a planet's orbit that is nearest the sun

Back 36

perihelion

Front 37

Movement around some point in a circle or curve

Back 37

revolution

Front 38

A formal written work dealing with some subject

Back 38

treatise

Front 39

The theory of cosmology which Copernicus proposed is called the _________ theory

Back 39

heliocentric

Front 40

The sun is at the center of the planets

Back 40

true

Front 41

The earth is not one of the planets

Back 41

false

Front 42

all the planets orbit around the sun

Back 42

true

Front 43

Each planet revolves around the sun in its own orbit and different distances

Back 43

true

Front 44

the moon orbits around the earth

Back 44

true

Front 45

the stars are not a part of the solar system.

Back 45

true

Front 46

Concerning the planetary orbits, why was Copernicus somewhat inaccurate?

Back 46

He suggested the orbits were circles.

Front 47

The written document containing Copernicus' total research is called a what

Back 47

treatise

Front 48

When was the Copernican treatise published?

Back 48

1543

Front 49

Many people would not accept the heliocentric theory because _____.

Back 49

the treatise claimed the Earth was not at the center of the universe
people had come to accept the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe

Front 50

When comparing the cosmology of Copernicus with Ptolemy, Copernicus had provided a far _______ ___________ explanation for all the celestial motions.

Back 50

more accurate

Front 51

When considering different hypotheses, usually the simplest one which can account for the information is the correct one

Back 51

true

Front 52

The rotation of the Earth and revolution of the Earth mean essentially the same thing.

Back 52

false

Front 53

What did Copernicus discover about the rotation of the Earth?

Back 53

The Earth wobbles as it rotates around its axis.

Front 54

Copernicus determined, for each planet, the approximate period of revolution required to orbit around the sun.

Back 54

true

Front 55

The period of revolution of the Earth is called a _____.

Back 55

year

Front 56

What motion is responsible for producing a "day" upon the Earth?

Back 56

rotation of the earth

Front 57

According to Genesis Chapter 1, the sun did not even exist during the first three "days" of creation. Is the sun required to produce a Earth day?

Back 57

no

Front 58

Galileo _____.

Back 58

was the first scientist to use a telescope for astronomy

Front 59

Galileo was the first astronomer to describe surface features of the what

Back 59

moon

Front 60

Galileo discovered that the planet Jupiter had four satellites.

Back 60

true

Front 61

Even though Tycho Brahe did not have a telescope he was known for his extremely accurate observations.

Back 61

true

Front 62

To help his research, Johannes Kepler used the prior data of _____ and _____.

Back 62

Copernicus
Brahe

Front 63

Why did it take Kepler so many extra years to determine the elliptical orbits of the planets?

Back 63

He inferred the orbits were circular.
He presumed Copernicus was correct.
Incorrect prior knowledge can delay good reasoning.

Front 64

Kepler demonstrated that as a planet revolves around the sun:

Back 64

its speed and distance changes

Front 65

Gravitational force depends on the quantity of mass.

Back 65

true

Front 66

Distance between objects also affects the force of gravity.

Back 66

true

Front 67

Every object attracts every other object.

Back 67

true

Front 68

As the distance between two objects increases, the force of gravity becomes weaker

Back 68

true

Front 69

The gravitational force between two objects will become stronger as their mass increases.

Back 69

true

Front 70

Newton mathematically defined the physical laws which govern the motion of all objects. How many laws are there?

Back 70

3

Front 71

Isaac Newton believed that God created the heavens and the Earth.

Back 71

true

Front 72

The four modern instruments outlined above that astronomers use to conduct research are:

Back 72

Radio telescope
Camera
Spectroscope>
Telescope

Front 73

The two major classes of telescopes are the _____ and the _____ telescopes.

Back 73

refracting
reflecting

Front 74

Which tool is excellent for examining light from very faint distant stars?

Back 74

camera photographing through a telescope

Front 75

A ______________ is helpful for studying the composition of stars.

Back 75

spectroscope

Front 76

Investigating energy waves other than light is usually accomplished by using a ________ _______________

Back 76

radio telescope

Front 77

It is more difficult to produce large mirrors for telescopes that have large objective lenses.

Back 77

false

Front 78

A reflecting telescope works by using mirrors to reflect the light to make an image. Once the image is made the lense magnifies is and sends it to your eye.

Back 78

true

Front 79

A refracting telescope works just like a magnifying glass. It uses a curved glass that is thicker in the center which bends the light.

Back 79

true

Front 80

Radio telescopes work by producing images of objects in space and do not need light to see.

Back 80

true

Front 81

The heliocentric theory was first proposed by the astronomer

Back 81

Copernicus

Front 82

The heliocentric theory of Copernicus suggested that the stars revolved around the sun.

Back 82

false

Front 83

Copernicus believed the planetary motions were due to:

Back 83

circular heliocentric orbits

Front 84

What motion is responsible for producing a "day" upon the Earth?

Back 84

rotation of the Earth

Front 85

When considering different hypothesis usually the most simplest scientific explanation which can account for all the information is the correct one.

Back 85

true

Front 86

Copernicus determined, for each planet, the approximate period of revolution required to orbit around the sun.

Back 86

true

Front 87

was the first scientist to use a telescope for astronomy

Back 87

Galileo

Front 88

Galileo discovered the planet Jupiter.

Back 88

false

Front 89

Johannes Kepler used the prior data of ________ and ________________ to help his research.

Back 89

Brahe and Copernicus

Front 90

Kepler demonstrated that as a planet revolves around the sun:

Back 90

its speed and distance changes

Front 91

Why did it take Kepler so many extra years to determine the elliptical orbits of the planets?

Back 91

He inferred the orbits were circular.
He presumed Copernicus was correct.
Incorrect prior knowledge can delay good reasoning.

Front 92

The gravitational force between two objects will become greater as their mass increases

Back 92

true

Front 93

The Law of Gravitation was mathematically defined by who

Back 93

Newton

Front 94

The two major classes of telescopes are the _____ and the _____ telescope.

Back 94

reflecting
refracting

Front 95

An astronomer can use a camera to accumulate light on a photograph for a long period of time.

Back 95

true

Front 96

Investigating energy waves other than light is usually accomplished by using a what

Back 96

radio telescope

Front 97

Many people would not accept the heliocentric theory because why

Back 97

the treatise claimed the Earth was not at the center of the universe
people had come to accept the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe