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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens in early phase asthma attack?
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Occurs within minutes
characterised by bronchoconstrictor response to inflammatory mediators |
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What happens in late phase asthma attack?
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Occurs within hours
inflammation and bronchoconstriction cellular infiltration: mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, releasing more inflammatory mediators |
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What do corticosteroids do?
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Block production of inflammatory mediators
inhibits activation of immune cells used as nasal decongestants, rhinitis and asthma. E.g. Beclomethasone |
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What drug can prevent the release of inflammatory mediators?
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Sodium cromoglycate- stabilises mast cells preventing degranulation and histamine release.
Prophylactic- has no effect after the attack has occurred. |
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What are Beta 2- adrenergic agonists?
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They are bronchodilators that produce bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscle in the bronchial tube.
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What are the adverse effects of beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
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Restlessness, headache, dizziness, palpitations, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, tachycardia, throat irritation
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Contraindications of beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
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Patients with glaucoma and cardiogenic shock
older patients prostatic hypertrophy, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, parkinson's disease, tuberculosis and psychoneurosis |
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What are Xanthines?
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They are bronchodilators that are clinically related to caffeine that dilate bronchioles by relaxing smooth muscle .
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What are the uses of Xanthines?
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They are used for prophylaxis and symptomatic relief of bronchial asthma and bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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What are the adverse effects of using Xanthines?
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common: palpitations, tachycardia, flushing, hypotension, insomnia, nervousness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and tachypnea.
Serious: Respiratory arrest |
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What are the contraindications of Xanthines?
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patients with coronary artery disease
history of angina severe liver/renal impairments hyperthyroidism hypertension peptic ulcer prostatic hypertrophy glaucoma diabetes |
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What are the adverse effects of corticosteroids
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irritation of mucous membrane, headache, pharyngitis, epistaxis, nausea and vomiting, coughing
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Contraindications of corticosteroids?
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Younger children
pregnancy and lactation immune system infections tuberculosis herpes ulcers nasal surgery or trauma |
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What do Leukotriene inhibitors do?
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Block the synthesis of the body's inflammatory response to produce leukotrienes.
Used in prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma or allergic rhinitis |
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What are the adverse effects of using leukotriene inhibitors?
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Arrhythmias, dizziness, anxiety, headache, euphoria, dry mouth
pro's- oral admin |
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What are the contraindications of leukotriene inhibitors?
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Patients with severe asthma attacks, bronchoconstriction, status asthmaticus or during lactation.
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What are the uses of mast cell stabilisers?
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They inhibit the release of bronchoconstrictors such as histamine from pulmonary mast cells.
used for prophylaxis of asthma and allergic rhinitis. |
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What are the adverse effects of using mast cell stabilisers
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nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, throat irritation, cough, headache, urticaria, rash.
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What are the contraindications of mast cell stabilisers?
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patients with coronary heart disease, history of arrhythmias, dyspnea, acute asthma, stats asthmaticus, during pregnancy or in children younger than 6
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