Assessment Eyes Nose Mouth Throat

Front 1

What does confrontation assess?

Back 1

peripheral vision

Front 2

What is extraocular muscular function?

Back 2

6 muscles that attach to eyeball that give straight and rotary movement

Front 3

Each muscle is yoked. What does that mean?

Back 3

The muscle corresponds to the muscle in the other eye to help remain parallel

Front 4

Define: Lazy eye

Back 4

one eye drifts into another resting position

Front 5

Define: nystagmus

Back 5

congenital or acquired persistent, rapid, involuntary and oscillatory movement of the eyeball, usually from side to side, seen in 6 cardinal gazes

Front 6

Define: ptosis

Back 6

drooping of eyelid

Front 7

PERRLA

Back 7

pupils equal round react to light and accommodation

Front 8

normal pupil size

Back 8

3-5 mm

Front 9

Define: anisocoria

Back 9

unequal pupil size

Front 10

How long should it take for pupils to constrict in reaction to penlight

Back 10

1 second

Front 11

Define: xanthelasma

Back 11

raised yellow plaque on or about eyelid

Front 12

Define: myopia

Back 12

nearsighted, faulty distance vision

Front 13

Define: hyperopia

Back 13

farsighted, faulty near vision

Front 14

Define: presbyopia

Back 14

loss of elasticity in lens, decreasing ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision; "short arm syndrome"

Front 15

Define: diloplia

Back 15

double vision; sign of EOM weakness

Front 16

Define: glaucoma

Back 16

increased intraocular pressure, often asymptomatic, reported often as decreased peripheral vision

Front 17

What medications cause side effects affecting vision?

Back 17

NSAID's cause blurred vision and decreased visual acuity
BCP cause worsening, myopia and astigmatism

Front 18

What are the 3 assessment techniques used for EMO's?

Back 18

Corneal light reflex
Cover-uncover test
Six cardinal gazes

Front 19

How would describe 20/40 vision?

Back 19

The patient can read at 20 ft what the person with normal acuity could read at 40 ft from the chart.

Front 20

Normal vision for newborn?

Back 20

20/200

Front 21

Name the 6 ocular muscles.

Back 21

Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior rectus
Superior oblique
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique

Front 22

What are the 3 cranial nerves associated with eye movement?

Back 22

Cranial nerves III, IV, VI

Front 23

Define: external auditory canal

Back 23

opening of ear serving to funnel sound waves

Front 24

What is the length of the external auditory canal?

Back 24

2.3-3 cm

Front 25

Where does the external auditory canal end?

Back 25

At the tympanic membrane

Front 26

Define: cerumen

Back 26

ear wax

Front 27

Define: tragus

Back 27

fleshy prominence at the front of the external opening of the ear

Front 28

Define: pinna

Back 28

aurical or external ear

Front 29

Define: helix

Back 29

the folded rim of skin and cartilage around most of the external ear

Front 30

Define: tympanic membrane

Back 30

Separates external and middle ear; faces downward and somewhat forward.

Front 31

What is the normal color of the tympanic membrane?

Back 31

pearly gray

Front 32

Describe the cone of light.

Back 32

reflection of penlight on TM

Front 33

Define: ototoxic

Back 33

having a harmful effect on the organs or nerves dealing with hearing and balance

Front 34

Define: tinnitus

Back 34

a sound in one or both ears that is buzzing, ringing or whistling, occurring without external stimulus

Front 35

What are the usual causes of tinnitus?

Back 35

ear infection
use of certain drugs
blocked auditory tube/canal
head injury

Front 36

Define: presbycusis

Back 36

hearing loss occurring with aging caused by nerve degeneration. High freq tone loss and impaired ability to localize sound

Front 37

Define: tophi

Back 37

small, whitish-yellow hard nontender nodules in or near the helix or antihelix containing greasy, chalky material of uric acid crystals; sign of gout

Front 38

Define: chondrodermatitis

Back 38

painful nodules developing on the rim of the helix as a result of repetitive mechanical pressure or sunlight. Small indulated dull red poorly defined and very painful

Front 39

Define: tubes in the ears

Back 39

surgically place tubes in TM to relieve middle ear pressure and promote drainage. tubes come out on their own

Front 40

Define: Scarred TM

Back 40

dense white patch on TM. From repeated infections, does not necessarily affect hearing

Front 41

At what age should an infant be tested for hearing?

Back 41

>6 months and babbling

Front 42

What are indicators of ear pain in a child unable to talk?

Back 42

tugging at ears

Front 43

What 2 factors increase incidence of ear infections?

Back 43

bottle fed babies
exposure to second hand smoke

Front 44

What direction do you pull the pinna when examining an adult's ear?

Back 44

Up and back

Front 45

What direction do you pull the pinna when examining a child under 3 years old ear?

Back 45

downward

Front 46

What do you use to remove earwax safely?

Back 46

warmed solution of mineral oil and water

Front 47

What is one consideration regarding the TM of geriatric patients?

Back 47

TM may lose luster and look cloudy

Front 48

What may watery drainage mean in the ear of a head trauma patient?

Back 48

CSF can leak--look for oily solution. Use glucose tape to look for glucose

Front 49

What cranial nerve conducts impulses to the auditory area of the brain?

Back 49

VII

Front 50

Which tests use the tuning fork?

Back 50

Weber test
Rinne test

Front 51

What does the Weber test assess?

Back 51

bone conduction

Front 52

What does the Rinne test assess?

Back 52

Comparison of air conduction to bone conduction

Front 53

What are some meds that can cause tinnitus and hearing loss?

Back 53

NSAIDS
aminoglycosides
salicylates

Front 54

What can Lasix potentially cause?

Back 54

temporary hearing if IV admin is too rapid

Front 55

What rate should Lasix be injected at to prevent hearing loss?

Back 55

10 mg/min

Front 56

Define: turbinates

Back 56

three bony parallel projections on lateral walls of each nasal cavity

Front 57

What are the 3 turbinates called?

Back 57

Superior
Middle
Inferior

Front 58

Define: Kiesselsbach's plexus

Back 58

Rich vascular network in the anterior septum

Front 59

Where are the frontal sinuses?

Back 59

Frontal bone above and medial to orbits

Front 60

Where is Stensen's duct?

Back 60

opening of parotid gland located opposite of upper second molar

Front 61

Where are Wharton's ducts located?

Back 61

Floor of mouth under tongue on either side of frenulum

Front 62

Define: epistaxis

Back 62

nosebleeds

Front 63

Define: rhinnorrhea

Back 63

excessive discharge of mucous from nose

Front 64

Define: xerostomia

Back 64

dry mouth

Front 65

Define: cheilitis

Back 65

cracking at corners of lips

Front 66

Define: leukoplakia

Back 66

chalky white raised patch on tongue

Front 67

Define: halitosis

Back 67

bad breath

Front 68

Define: apthous ulcers

Back 68

canker sore-vesicle at first then small round ulcer with white base surrounded by red halo

Front 69

How long does a apthous ulcer last?

Back 69

1-2 weeks

Front 70

Define: black hairy tongue

Back 70

elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tongue

Front 71

What can cause a black hairy tongue?

Back 71

use of antibiotics that inhibits normal bacteria growth allowing growth of fungus

Front 72

Define: gingival hyperplasia

Back 72

painless enlargement of gums, sometimes overreaching teeth. Occurs with puberty, pregnancy, leukemia and long term use of Dilantin

Front 73

What can OTC nasal sprays cause?

Back 73

rebound swelling

Front 74

Which 2 turbinates should you be able to visualize?

Back 74

Inferior and medial

Front 75

How do you palpate the frontal sinus?

Back 75

Press lightly just below eyebrows

Front 76

What does the uvula do when you say "ahhhh"?

Back 76

raises symmetrically

Front 77

What do tonsils do as a child becomes an adult?

Back 77

shrink

Front 78

What does the uvula do when you say "ahhhh"?

Back 78

raises symmetrically

Front 79

What do tonsils do as a child becomes an adult?

Back 79

shrink