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9 Cards in this Set
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Why did the Supreme Court oppose New Deal reforms in the mid-1930s? |
Schechter Poultry Corp. vs United States (1935) - unanimous decision -Judgment undermined National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 U.S. vs Butler (1936) - Negated Agricultural Adjustment Act 'Four Horseman' - conservative justices (+ swing who liked majorities) 'Three Musketeers' - liberal judges Since early 1900s, 'Lochner Era' began - consecutive conservative decisions Supreme Court would inevitably reject a bunch of New Deal ideas Thus, Franklin Roosevelt 'court-packed' - |
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Why did the Roosevelt Presidency begin with “100 days” of action? |
Roosevelt needed to take action to fix continuing economic crisis -Closed all banks within four days By the end of 100 days, Congress had already passed 15 bills Roosevelt also had popularity - allowed him to take so much action Later, he was more cautious, though - only the first 100 were crazy |
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Why did many left-wing liberals oppose the New Deal? |
FDR Accepted many social/racial equalities Too many concessions to the business class Biggest critic - Huey Long, Democratic Senator from Louisiana Long wanted gov't to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor -Known as 'Share our Wealth' plan Francis Townsend wanted New Deal to support retired people -These criticisms were used on the First New Deal However, Long assassinated, FDR created Social Security |
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Why did President Hoover struggle to deal with the impact of the Great Crash? |
Happened within first year of Hoover's presidency Downturn was severe, Hoover made many miscalculations Hoover expected downturn to recover by 1930, but he was wrong Too many people had borrowed too much money in the 1920s Hoover was too traditional - wasn't radical; didn't take federal action In fact, some of Hoover's policies (Smoot-Hawley Tariff) made things worse It took FDR and his willingness to break tradition to halt the crash |
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Why did the Great Crash have such a significant impact on the USA? |
Structural flaws in the US and international economies made worse by inappropriate government perception/actions US focused on over-reliance on debt to generate demand for US goods International problems - US was leading exporter, leading creditor nation US called in loans from Germany - decreased demand for goods, made prices even worse Hoover misjudged scale of crisis, made it worse w/ Smoot-Hawley Tariff act of 1930 (increased tariffs on US imports, reduced demand even more) |
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How far did Franklin roosevelt’s economic and social policies depart from those of Herbert Hoover? |
Hoover supported laissez-faire, FDR interventionism Hoover associated w/ Hoovervilles - FDR with 100 days and alphabet agencies FDR didn't take part in london conference, left gold standard - nontraditional (Hoover wouldn't have done that) Hoover became more radical, FDR was conservative in 1st term Hoover made proposals for governmental intervention ("Hoover's New Deal), created RFC, which was developed by FDR FDR rejected Bonus Bill for army vets - difference was there, but not huge |
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How far do you agree that President Hoover’s response to the Great Crash was wholly inadequate? |
AGREE: Kept gold standard in effect (increased interest), Smoot-Hawley Tariff hit foreign trade hard, Increased taxes, rejected federal intervention DISAGREE: RFC gave support to loans to private industry, Home Loans bank system tried to help mortgages, Eventually let federal gov't take action against depression |
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How far was the First New Deal undermined by the judgments of the US Supreme court? |
Schechter vs US (1935) - ruined National Industrial Recovery Act US vs Butler (1936) - undermined Agricultural Adjustment Act Morehead vs New York (1936) - NY minimum wage against constitution Approved Tennessee Valley Authority, though 'Four Horsemen' - conservative, also 'swing' justice 'Three Musketeers' - radical/liberal Roosevelt court-packed, making less of these problems with Second New Deal |
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How different were the First and Second New Deals? |
First focused on relief and recovery, Second on reform - however, both of these were utilized to some extent in both New Deals More stabilizing reforms - CCC, FERA, and AAA Second new deal was more ambitious and more radical Social Security Act was radical in particular (provided pensions) - Wagner act established new grounds for labor relations, Wealth Tax Act was more symbolic than effective, and ERAA provided work relief |
