As Biology: Unit 1 - Module 1:2 (Plasma Membranes)

Front 1

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Back 1

The basic structural component of all biological membranes

Front 2

Describe the main structural parts of a phospholipid

Back 2

Two parts:

Hydrophilic head - Phosphate group & glycerol molecule.
Hydrophobic tail - fatty acid tail

Front 3

Define hydrophillic

Back 3

Likes water

Front 4

Define hydrophobic

Back 4

Does not like water

Front 5

What is the term used to express "able to move freely"?

Back 5

Fluid mosaic

Front 6

Describe the roles of organelle membranes.

Back 6

1. Separates structures into compartments
2. Creates diffusion gradient for cytoplasm and organelles
3. Holds metabolic pathways
4. Separates organelles from cytoplasm

Front 7

How thick is the plasma membrane?

Back 7

7-9 nm thick

Front 8

What is the function of Cholesterol?

Back 8

Blocks parts of the plasma membrane to reduce fluidity and provide stability.

Front 9

What is the function of Glycolipids?

Back 9

the carbohydrate part attached to a phospholipid.
Responsible for:
- Cell signalling
- Identification
- Tissue formation
- Acting as a receptor

Front 10

What is the function of Glycoproteins?

Back 10

the carbohydrate part attached to the protein
Responsible for:
- Cell signalling
- Identification
- Tissue formation
- Acting as a receptor

Front 11

What is the function of Channel Proteins?

Back 11

Transporting large hydrophilic molecules across the plasma membrane.

Front 12

What is the function of Carrier Proteins?

Back 12

Transportation of large molecules using ATP in active processes

Front 13

What is the function of Extrinsic Proteins?

Back 13

Behaving as receptors and antigens on the outside of the plasma membrane

Front 14

What molecules are transported via simple diffusion?

Back 14

Small, non-polar molecules which are fat-soluble.

Front 15

Where does simple diffusion carry molecules?

Back 15

Directly across the phospholipid bilayer

Front 16

Which molecules are transported via facilitated diffusion?

Back 16

Large molecules or polar molecules

Front 17

Which proteins are used in facilitated diffusion and how?

Back 17

Carrier proteins: use ATP to open and close in flip-flop - specific shape for the molecule

Channel proteins: produces pores on the membrane

Front 18

How does facilitated diffusion occur in terms of concentration gradient?

Back 18

It transports molecules down the concentration gradient

Front 19

Which factors effect diffusion?

Back 19

1. Concentration gradient
2. Temperature
3. Molecule size
4. Diffusion distance
5. Surface area
6. Amount of stirring

Front 20

When is Active Transport useful?

Back 20

To transport molecules quickly and in high concentrations

Front 21

What does Active Transport require?

Back 21

ATP

Front 22

Define Active Transport

Back 22

The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient, across membranes, using ATP

Front 23

Which protein is used in Active Transport?

Back 23

Carrier protein

Front 24

What does the prefix "endo" mean?

Back 24

Internal/Inside

Front 25

What does the prefix "exo" mean?

Back 25

External/Outside

Front 26

What does the prefix "Phago" mean?

Back 26

Solids

Front 27

What does the prefix "pino" mean?

Back 27

Liquids

Front 28

Describe the process of endocytosis.

Back 28

1. Material moves towards cell.
2. Material binds with the plasma membrane.
3. Vessicle forms around material
4. Vessicle moves to location it is needed.

Front 29

Describe the process of exocytosis.

Back 29

1. Golgi modifies proteins and packages into vessicles
2. Vessicles move toward plasma membrane
3. Vessicle fuses with plasma membrane
4. Material is released outside of cell

Front 30

Define multicellular

Back 30

Organisms made up of multiple cells

Front 31

Define unicellular

Back 31

Organisms made up of only one cell

Front 32

Describe cell signalling in unicellular molecules.

Back 32

Nutrients are detected and the cell moves towards it

Front 33

Describe cell signalling in multicellular organisms

Back 33

Hormone receptors on target cell receives chemical message from current cell in order to bind.

Front 34

Describe a receptor acting as an ion channel.

Back 34

- Chemical message binds with receptor on target cell.
- Response is invoked to open channel
- Ion moves through the channel.

Front 35

Describe a receptor acting as a G-Protein.

Back 35

- Chemical message binds with receptor on target cell
- Response: G-Protein is released and binds with receptor on a secondary target cell
- Releases cyclic AMP

Front 36

Describe a receptor acting as an enzyme.

Back 36

- Double sided signal molecule binds with two inactive enzymes
- Response: activates the enzyme

Front 37

Describe the effect of temperature on the plasma membrane

Back 37

Increased temperature causes the plasma membrane to break down therefore becoming more permeable to water and other minerals

Front 38

How does Temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Back 38

Higher Temp
More kinetic energy
Particles move faster
Fast rate of diffusion

Front 39

How does Concentration Gradient affect the rate of diffusion?

Back 39

Larger difference in concentration
Larger concentration gradient
Faster rate of diffusion

Front 40

How does Amount of stirring affect the rate of diffusion?

Back 40

More stirring
More kinetic energy
Particles move faster
Fast rate of diffusion

Front 41

How does Surface Area affect the rate of diffusion?

Back 41

Large surface area
Larger area for collisions to take place
Faster rate of diffusion

Front 42

How does Thickness Barrier affect the rate of diffusion?

Back 42

Increased Thickness barrier
Larger distance for particles to move
Slower rate of diffusion

Front 43

How does Size of Molecules affect the rate of diffusion?

Back 43

Larger molecules
More energy required to move molecules
Slower rate of diffusion

Front 44

Define cell signalling

Back 44

A method of cell communication using receptors to pick up a signal and bring about an action