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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define osteoarthritis.
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Loss of articular cartilage and reactive changes in a joint. Mostly hips in males; knees in females.
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Describe the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
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- Mechanical damage to cartilage
- Enzymatic damage to cartilage - Osteophyte formation (bone spurs) - Synovitis |
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What morphologic features are seen in a joint displaying osteoarthritis?
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- Cartilage degeneration
- Bone surface eburnation - Subchondral cysts - Osteophytes - Cracking of bone matrix at articular surfaces |
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What are the clinical signs of osteoarthritis?
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- Joint swelling
- Joint tenderness - Morning stiffness - Crepitus - Limited ROM - Muscle wasting around joint |
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What investigations would you do for a patient presenting with signs of arthritis?
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- FBC, U&E
- ANA (for lupus) - Rheumatoid factor - X-ray |
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If you performed a synovial aspirate and found high WCC, what might it indicate?
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- Inflammatory arthritis
- Gout |
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What treatments are preferentially given for osteoarthritis?
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- NSAIDs
- Paracetamol - Joint rest - Cortisone - Joint replacement (last resort) |
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Define Rheumatoid arthritis.
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A systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the synovial joints.
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Outline the autoimmune reaction that leads to Rheumatoid arthritis.
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- T cell activation
- B cell activation - Macrophage activation |
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Describe the morphology of joints with rheumatoid arthritis.
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- Pannus
- Inflammatory synovitis - Rice bodies (fibrin bits) |
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List the clinical features of RA.
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- Joint stiffness
- Joint swelling - Joint pain - Loss of function |
