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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is art?
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a thing made by reason
-Aristotle |
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work of art
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visual expression of the idea or experience formed with skill through the use of a medium
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3 components of art
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thing- physical object
activity- action idea- thought behind it |
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2 types of art
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Practical Art"useful"
Fine Art "useless" |
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3 types if fine art
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visual arts- 3-D arts, 2-D arts
verbal arts- literature, poetry performing arts- drama, music, dance |
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human art vs. devine art
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rearrangement NOT creation
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purpose of art
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communicates, day to day living, spiritual substance, personal and cultural expression, social and political purposes, visual delight
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all art is about...
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communication
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art is a ...
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language
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What is art made of?
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can be made of anything, more typically "visual media" which are made up on materials and techniques
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materials
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3-D Media
2-D media |
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traditional media
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3-d: sculpture and architecture
2-D: drawing and painting |
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3-D Media and its materials
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forms made by a medium in space
materials: stone, wood, clay, glass |
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3 techniques of 3-D
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additive
subtractive plastic |
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additive
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construction, assembling, gluing, nailing
-made of separate small materials -architecture |
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subtractive
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carving, cutting
-mainly sculptures |
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plastic
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technique of 3D
molding, bending, forming -not adding or taking away |
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2-D media and its materials
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marks made by medium on a surface
materials: drawing and painting more complicated than 3-D art |
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Purposes of drawing
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studies and sketches-learning what things look like
preparatory drawings finished works of art |
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Layers of painting
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1-support-may be rigid or flexible
2-ground-prepares support usually smooth and white. can be textured (rigid=gesso) 2.5(optional)-underdrawing-guide 3-paint-pigment layer 4-varnish- protective layer |
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3 basic elements of paint
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pigment- color, usually power, opaque or transparent,natural or artificial
vehicle- fluid diluting agent, water or turpentine, not part of permeant layer binding medium-water or oil soluble, forms paint layer by binding pigment grains |
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binding media
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paint is made by grinding the pigment into the binding medium (water and oil soluble)
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types of water soluble media
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water color- binding medium=gum arabic. delicate
egg tempra- binding medium= egg yolk. ancient medium. needs rigid support fresco- binding medium=plaster. ancient medium. needs rigid support acrytic- binding medium= plastic. modern medium |
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oil soluble media
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oil paint- binding medium= linseed oil. takes time. can yellow and crack
encaustic- binding medium=wax vehicle=heat distemper- binding medium= animal skin glue |
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Jan Van Eyck (1385-1441)
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invented oil paint which as an oil soluble media
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Techniques of Art
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wash-highly diluted w/ medium. transparent like a stain
glare- many thin layers of transparent paint direct- "alla prima" technique opaque paint. spontanious impasto- thick opaque piled on |
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gold leaf
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material. a metal foil used for decorative of symbolic purposes especially in religious art
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The Visual Elements
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building blocks or art.
the ground or picture plane |
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the picture plane can be shaped in various _______ or _________
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formats, porportions
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9 visual elements
*all art is made from these elements |
1. the point
2. line or edge 3. shape 2-D 4. volume or mass 3-D 5. space 3D includes enviornment 6. value (shading, tone) 7. color 8. texture and pattern 9. time and motion |
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figure ground reversal
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2 pictures in one depending on how you look at it
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space and volume
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space: environment form exists in volume
volume: property of a form space does NOT equal volume |
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Types of volume
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freestanding-fully 3D
high relief- not as fully 3D low relief- ex. coin |
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there is no actual _____ in 3D art
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volume
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closed form
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a completely continuous surface enclosing space
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open form
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no continuous surface: allows space to move in and out of form
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2 ways to imply volume
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planar structure- implys intersecting surfaces in space. outlines or edges (created by change in value or color)
gradients- imply curved or rounded surfaces in space |
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space is implied with_______
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perspective- a system for creating an illusion of depth or 3D space on a 2D surface
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2 perspective systems
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intuitive- non mathematical
linear |
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methods of implying depth
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vertical placement- higher appear farther
overlapping forms- front looks closer diminishing scale-larger appears closer aerial/atmospheric diagonal line |
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Leon Battisla Alberti (1404-1472)
Fillipo Brunselleschi (1377-1446) |
invented linear perspective. based on geometry of sight
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vanishing point
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parallel lines converge on the horizon
*not the same as a focal point |
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Masaccio
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first artist to use linear perspective
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volume implied with _______
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gradiance
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space implied w/ _________
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perspective
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types of linear perspective
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one-point linear
two point linear (less common) has 2 vantage points |
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linear perspective requires...
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lines
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most landscape only uses ______
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intuitive perspective with no vanishing points
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Where does color come from?
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The wavelengths of light the cells in the eye are stimulated by.
light itself is colorless, not even white |
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Color is a _______ created in our minds
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perception
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T/F AN apple is red
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False. an apple isnt red it is only perceived as being red
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3 basic characteristics or dimensions of color
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value
hue chroma |
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most useful model that recognized teh spectrum of colors in the rainbow
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wrapped into a "color wheel"
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value
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Characteristic of color
(luminance): relative brightness of a color varies from white through grey and black |
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hue
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Characteristic of color
perceived color of light varies through the colors of the full spectrum |
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chroma
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(saturation)- relatively intensity or purity of a color.
varies from greys (no color, achromatic, unsaturated) to fully saturated colors |
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color solid
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value or chroma of every hue can create tint or shade
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gamut
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range of colors available in a given medium
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primary colors
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colors that can be mixed together to make many other colors
called 1st or pure compared to secondary colors that come from mixing |
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4 colors used in printing
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cyan magenta yellow and black (CMYK)
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traditionary primary colors for artist
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red, yellow, blue. has a relatively small gamut
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primary+secondaries=
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tertiary (red-orange, blue-green)
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complementary colors
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primaries are opposite secondaries and tertiaries are opposite tertiaries
ex. red and green, blue and orange |
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red pigment reflects ____ light and absorbs ____ and ____ light
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red, blue and yellow
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white pigments absorb _____ light and reflect wavelengths of _____ equally
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least, light
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black pigments absorb____light and reflect ____ back to the eye
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all, little
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color schemes
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achromatic (black, white, greyss)
analogous (adjacent or similar colors) monochromatic (shades and tints of one hue) complementary (opposite primary and secondary clasing (2 primaries and 2 secondaries) |
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local vs. subjective color
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subjective: how we perceive it
local: actual color of surface |
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watercolor effect
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color seems to spread
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arts "letters" and "words" are
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the visual elements
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design
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grammar of art
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style
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particular accent or dialect or subset of the artistic language.
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types of style
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cultural ex. Asia
period ex. Modern regional ex. Italian group- ex. Surrealism personal- ex. Picasso |
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composition
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deciding how to arrange the formal elements in a work of art
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goal of composition
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create a design that successfully communicates the artist vision/purpose
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Knowing which design choices are the best or most effective is the _____ of the artist
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genius
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Principles of Design types
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A. Unity and Variety
Repetition and Rhythm Emphasis and Subordination Contrast B. Compositional Principles Directional Forces Visual Weight and Balance Scale and Proportion |
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Principles of design
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tools that tell how to analyze NOT how it should be design
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What does unity ask?
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To consider how we know that all the visual elements we see are parts of a single work of art? What ties the piece together?
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What does variety ask?
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What creates interest? How are the elements in the piece different from each other?
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formal unity vs. conceptual unity
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NOT the same thing
formal deals with form (color shape...) conceptual deals with unity of meaning |
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focal point
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visual elements and areas of greater interest (where your eye lingers)
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directional forces
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paths for the eye to follow in and around a composition. they help us to "read" the comp.
created by implied or actual lines |
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saccades
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our gaze moves in short hops
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visual weight and visual balance
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all the visual elements( especially positive figures) within a composition can have visual weight
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symmetrical balance
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simplest weight distribution
stable formal effect Bilaterally Symmetrical- no figure on central axis, instead one on each side |
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Asymmetrical balance/ unbalanced
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left and right sides different but still equally weighted or with unbalanced it is not weighted.
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All Over compositions
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informal, no dominate sense of visual weight
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Scale and Proportion
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actual or implied size relationships between visual elements in a composition
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Pictorial Composition
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putting it all together use geometry to help lay out their work. art and math both deal with absolute truth
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math simplicity=
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artistic beauty
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golden ratio
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phi one of the most important ratios
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